Child AbuseNCT05925387
Educational Program's Impact on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect
A study testing CANAP Education in people with Child Abuse and Child Neglect, run by Yeditepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Detecting and determining child abuse and neglect can be quite challenging and largely depends on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. In a hospital setting, healthcare professionals frequently come across children who have experienced abuse and/or neglect. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Child Abuse, Child Neglect
- What is being tested?
- CANAP Education
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 May 2023to 30 Jul 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Grade Undergraduate Nursing Students between the ages of 18-30.
- Being a volunteer,
- Not having any disability,
- Being Turkish literate,
- Having Internet access and a Google account,
- Signing the informed consent form
Who cannot join
- Being outside the age range,
- Being a prep class student, being illiterate in Turkish
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Yeditepe University
Istanbul, Atasehir, 34755
Aylin Akca Sumengen, PhD, 05458411453, aylin.akca@yeditepe.edu.tr
Gokce Cakir, BSN, 05393130193, gokcenaz.cakir@yeditepe.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: The Impact of an Educational Program on Child Abuse and Neglect Knowledge and Awareness Levels Among Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Detecting and determining child abuse and neglect can be quite challenging and largely depends on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. In a hospital setting, healthcare professionals frequently come across children who have experienced abuse and/or neglect. Nurses are often the first to encounter the child and their family, initiating the process of taking a medical history and establishing closer interactions during care and treatment. To accurately recognize the case and provide appropriate care using the right approach, nurses need to possess sufficient knowledge and skills related to child abuse and neglect. The lack of adequate education on child abuse and neglect, as well as insufficient research on the subject, can lead to a lack of information and cases being overlooked. To identify and report cases of child abuse and neglect, it is important for nurses, especially before starting their profession, to have a sufficient level of knowledge about the signs and risks of child abuse and neglect. This study aims to examine the impact of an educational program targeting nursing students on their knowledge and awareness levels regarding child abuse and neglect.
Read the detailed description
Detecting and identifying child abuse and neglect is quite challenging and relies heavily on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2019). In a hospital setting, healthcare professionals frequently encounter children who have experienced abuse and/or neglect. Nurses, who are often the first to interact with the child and their family, play a crucial role starting from the process of taking the medical history to provide care and treatment (Chen et al., 2022). Nurses who have frequent contact with children and their families are in a good position to protect children from abuse and neglect (Bahrami et al., 2021). Particularly in emergency departments, nurses often come across child abuse and neglect, including various types such as Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome, which is a form of physical abuse (Chen et al., 2022). Therefore, it is crucial, especially for nurses, to carefully observe children who may be victims of abuse and evaluate all children who come to the hospital for signs of abuse and neglect (Başdaş \& Bozdağ, 2018). Nurses need to have sufficient knowledge and skills regarding child abuse and neglect to accurately identify cases and provide appropriate care (Jordan \& Moore-Nadler, 2014). They should establish communication with the child and their family, attempt to recognize the signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect, and report the case from a forensic perspective (Chen et al., 2022). To fulfill these roles and responsibilities adequately, nurses need to receive education on child abuse and neglect (Topçu et al., 2022). Insufficient education on child abuse and neglect, as well as inadequate research on the subject, can lead to a lack of knowledge and cases being overlooked. For example, in Turkey, there are only a limited number of universities offering elective courses on child abuse and neglect within nursing curricula (Topçu et al., 2022). Similarly, a limited number of studies have shown that the level of awareness regarding child abuse and neglect is good when it is included in the pediatric nursing curriculum (Özçevik et al., 2018). However, studies conducted in Turkey involving nurses (Başdaş \& Bozdağ, 2018; Burç \& Güdücü Tüfekci, 2015) and particularly nursing students (Erkut et al., 2021; Ozbey et al., 2018; Seferoğlu et al., 2019; Tek \& Karataş, 2021) have revealed that their knowledge levels regarding child abuse and neglect are insufficient, similar to countries like India (Poreddi et al., 2016). In order to identify cases of child abuse and neglect, it is essential for nurses, especially before entering the profession, to have sufficient knowledge about the signs and risks of child abuse and neglect. It has been emphasized that nursing students need to learn their legal responsibilities and receive education to enhance their knowledge and become more competent (Akcan \& Demiralay, 2016; Bağ \& Bozkurt, 2021; Kuşlu \& Bulut, 2021; Seferoğlu et al., 2019).
- Conditions
- Child Abuse, Child Neglect
- Being tested
- CANAP Education
- Keywords
- Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Maltreatment, Nursing Students' Knowledge, Nursing Students' Awareness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CANAP EducationOther
The volunteer group included in the research consists of Yeditepe University Nursing Students. All nursing students over the age of 18, at all levels of the nursing program, will be included in the study based on voluntary participation, in accordance with the sample size. The purpose and design of the research will be explained to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year nursing students. The announcement of the study will be made through Yeditepe University Nursing's social media accounts, and a consent link provided. Participants who sign the document in the consent link and upload it to the shared Google Drive received the pre-test link. Participants who complete all the procedures are provided with a participant certificate prepared by the researchers as an incentive.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | All volunteers completed a pre-test, which includes an additional two scales along with the sociodemographic data form, and two post-tests, which only include the scales. Both groups will receive the Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Training, which will last approximately 60 minutes. Both groups will complete the pre-test and post-tests at the same time. However, immediately after the pre-test, the experimental group will receive the training and then complete the 1st post-test, followed by the 2nd post-test one month later. Additionally, the second post-test will be administered to both groups simultaneously one month after the completion of the first post-test. After the completion of all the tests, the control group also received the same training, and both groups received participation certificates. Apart from these tasks, there are no other responsibilities. Receives: Other: CANAP Education |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in the control group do not receive the intervention. They took both pretest and post-tests. The control group, on the other hand, did not receive the training but completed the first post-test simultaneously with both groups, without distinguishing between the experimental and control groups. They only complete online surveys. However, to follow the ethical rules, at the end of the trial, all nursing students will take the same education as their peers. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
Measured: Pretest
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
Measured: 1 month after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (3)
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
This scale, consisting of 67 items in total, was developed to measure the knowledge levels of nurses and midwives about child abuse and neglect. This scale is a 5-point Likert type. The scale has 6 sub-dimensions. There are reverse scored items in the scale. The participant who answers all the items in the scale correctly is expected to get 335 full points. Each sub-dimension of the scale is evaluated by calculating the average score out of 5. The fact that the average score of the participants is close to 5 indicates that they answered the questions "correctly", and the closer to 1 indicates that they answered the questions "wrong". In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value was found to be 0.92.
Measured: Pretest
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
This scale, consisting of 67 items in total, was developed to measure the knowledge levels of nurses and midwives about child abuse and neglect. This scale is a 5-point Likert type. The scale has 6 sub-dimensions. There are reverse scored items in the scale. The participant who answers all the items in the scale correctly is expected to get 335 full points. Each sub-dimension of the scale is evaluated by calculating the average score out of 5. The fact that the average score of the participants is close to 5 indicates that they answered the questions "correctly", and the closer to 1 indicates that they answered the questions "wrong". In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value was found to be 0.92.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
This scale, consisting of 67 items in total, was developed to measure the knowledge levels of nurses and midwives about child abuse and neglect. This scale is a 5-point Likert type. The scale has 6 sub-dimensions. There are reverse scored items in the scale. The participant who answers all the items in the scale correctly is expected to get 335 full points. Each sub-dimension of the scale is evaluated by calculating the average score out of 5. The fact that the average score of the participants is close to 5 indicates that they answered the questions "correctly", and the closer to 1 indicates that they answered the questions "wrong". In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value was found to be 0.92.
Measured: 1 month after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jun 2023
- Study start20 May 2023
- Primary completion30 Jun 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jul 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (27)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Child AbuseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomised Controlled Study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yeditepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Gokce Nz Cakir, BSN, Study chair, Yeditepe University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05925387
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- YeditepeUniversity
- Status last verified
- Jun 2023
- First submitted
- 20 Jun 2023
- Last updated
- 29 Jun 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Akcan, A., & Demiralay, Ş. (2016). Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin çocuk ihmal ve istismarına ilişkin algıları. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(32), 275-281.
Altan, H. (2015). Üniversite Öğrencisi Gençlere Çocuk İstismarı Ve İhmali Konusunda Yapılan Eğitimin Bilgi Ve Farkındalıklarına Etkisi [Doktora, Gazi Üniversitesi].
Austin AE, Lesak AM, Shanahan ME. Risk and protective factors for child maltreatment: A review. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2020 Oct 7;7(4):334-342. doi: 10.1007/s40471-020-00252-3.
PubMed 34141519Bağ, Ö. F., & Bozkurt, G. (2021). Hemşirelerin Çocuk İhmal Ve İstismarina İlişkin Farkindaliklarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 17-24.
Bahrami N, Tork-Torabi M, Sotoudeh R, Namnabati M. Perceived Child Abuse and Neglect in Hospitalized Children with Special Health Care Needs in Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2021 Oct 22;26(6):526-530. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_296_19. eCollection 2021 Nov-Dec.
PubMed 34900652Bakır, E., & Kapucu, S. (2017). Çocuk ihmali ve istismarının Türkiye'de yapılan araştırmalara yansıması: Bir literatür incelemesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 13-24.
Başdaş, Ö., & Bozdağ, F. (2018). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama durumlarının belirlenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 267-275.
Burç, A., & Güdücü Tüfekci, F. (2015). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama düzeyleri.
Chen CJ, Chen YW, Chang HY, Feng JY. Screening Tools for Child Abuse Used by Healthcare Providers: A Systematic Review. J Nurs Res. 2022 Feb 1;30(1):e193. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000475.
PubMed 35050956Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2004). Risk and Protective Factors for Child Abuse and Neglect. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau. . https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/riskprotectivefactors.pdf
Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2019). What is child abuse and neglect? Recognizing the signs and symptoms. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau.
Cicchetti D. Socioemotional, Personality, and Biological Development: Illustrations from a Multilevel Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Maltreatment. Annu Rev Psychol. 2016;67:187-211. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033259.
PubMed 26726964Conrad-Hiebner A, Byram E. The Temporal Impact of Economic Insecurity on Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020 Jan;21(1):157-178. doi: 10.1177/1524838018756122. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
PubMed 29400135Erkut, Z., Gözen, D., & Beşirik, S. (2021). Hemşirelik Bölümü Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Çocuk İstismarı ve İhmalinin Belirti ve Risklerini Tanılamaya Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Sosyodemografik Faktörlerle İlişkisi. Journal Education and Research in Nursing, 18(2), 231-240.
Daley SF, Gonzalez D, Bethencourt Mirabal A, Afzal M. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2025 Apr 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459146/
PubMed 29083602
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jun 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of an Educational Program on Child Abuse and Neglect Knowledge and Awareness Levels Among Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05925387
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- YeditepeUniversity
- Conditions
- Child Abuse, Child Neglect
- Keywords
- Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Maltreatment, Nursing Students' Knowledge, Nursing Students' Awareness
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Yeditepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 May 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 29 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Detecting and determining child abuse and neglect can be quite challenging and largely depends on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. In a hospital setting, healthcare professionals frequently come across children who have experienced abuse and/or neglect. Nurses are often the first to encounter the child and their family, initiating the process of taking a medical history and establishing closer interactions during care and treatment. To accurately recognize the case and provide appropriate care using the right approach, nurses need to possess sufficient knowledge and skills related to child abuse and neglect. The lack of adequate education on child abuse and neglect, as well as insufficient research on the subject, can lead to a lack of information and cases being overlooked. To identify and report cases of child abuse and neglect, it is important for nurses, especially before starting their profession, to have a sufficient level of knowledge about the signs and risks of child abuse and neglect. This study aims to examine the impact of an educational program targeting nursing students on their knowledge and awareness levels regarding child abuse and neglect.
Detailed description
Detecting and identifying child abuse and neglect is quite challenging and relies heavily on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2019). In a hospital setting, healthcare professionals frequently encounter children who have experienced abuse and/or neglect. Nurses, who are often the first to interact with the child and their family, play a crucial role starting from the process of taking the medical history to provide care and treatment (Chen et al., 2022). Nurses who have frequent contact with children and their families are in a good position to protect children from abuse and neglect (Bahrami et al., 2021). Particularly in emergency departments, nurses often come across child abuse and neglect, including various types such as Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome, which is a form of physical abuse (Chen et al., 2022). Therefore, it is crucial, especially for nurses, to carefully observe children who may be victims of abuse and evaluate all children who come to the hospital for signs of abuse and neglect (Başdaş \& Bozdağ, 2018). Nurses need to have sufficient knowledge and skills regarding child abuse and neglect to accurately identify cases and provide appropriate care (Jordan \& Moore-Nadler, 2014). They should establish communication with the child and their family, attempt to recognize the signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect, and report the case from a forensic perspective (Chen et al., 2022). To fulfill these roles and responsibilities adequately, nurses need to receive education on child abuse and neglect (Topçu et al., 2022). Insufficient education on child abuse and neglect, as well as inadequate research on the subject, can lead to a lack of knowledge and cases being overlooked. For example, in Turkey, there are only a limited number of universities offering elective courses on child abuse and neglect within nursing curricula (Topçu et al., 2022). Similarly, a limited number of studies have shown that the level of awareness regarding child abuse and neglect is good when it is included in the pediatric nursing curriculum (Özçevik et al., 2018). However, studies conducted in Turkey involving nurses (Başdaş \& Bozdağ, 2018; Burç \& Güdücü Tüfekci, 2015) and particularly nursing students (Erkut et al., 2021; Ozbey et al., 2018; Seferoğlu et al., 2019; Tek \& Karataş, 2021) have revealed that their knowledge levels regarding child abuse and neglect are insufficient, similar to countries like India (Poreddi et al., 2016). In order to identify cases of child abuse and neglect, it is essential for nurses, especially before entering the profession, to have sufficient knowledge about the signs and risks of child abuse and neglect. It has been emphasized that nursing students need to learn their legal responsibilities and receive education to enhance their knowledge and become more competent (Akcan \& Demiralay, 2016; Bağ \& Bozkurt, 2021; Kuşlu \& Bulut, 2021; Seferoğlu et al., 2019).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomised Controlled Study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Other: CANAP EducationAll volunteers completed a pre-test, which includes an additional two scales along with the sociodemographic data form, and two post-tests, which only include the scales. Both groups will receive the Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Training, which will last approximately 60 minutes. Both groups will complete the pre-test and post-tests at the same time. However, immediately after the pre-test, the experimental group will receive the training and then complete the 1st post-test, followed by the 2nd post-test one month later. Additionally, the second post-test will be administered to both groups simultaneously one month after the completion of the first post-test. After the completion of all the tests, the control group also received the same training, and both groups received participation certificates. Apart from these tasks, there are no other responsibilities. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in the control group do not receive the intervention. They took both pretest and post-tests. The control group, on the other hand, did not receive the training but completed the first post-test simultaneously with both groups, without distinguishing between the experimental and control groups. They only complete online surveys. However, to follow the ethical rules, at the end of the trial, all nursing students will take the same education as their peers. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Grade Undergraduate Nursing Students between the ages of 18-30.
- Being a volunteer,
- Not having any disability,
- Being Turkish literate,
- Having Internet access and a Google account,
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being outside the age range,
- Being a prep class student, being illiterate in Turkish
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CANAP EducationThe volunteer group included in the research consists of Yeditepe University Nursing Students. All nursing students over the age of 18, at all levels of the nursing program, will be included in the study based on voluntary participation, in accordance with the sample size. The purpose and design of the research will be explained to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year nursing students. The announcement of the study will be made through Yeditepe University Nursing's social media accounts, and a consent link provided. Participants who sign the document in the consent link and upload it to the shared Google Drive received the pre-test link. Participants who complete all the procedures are provided with a participant certificate prepared by the researchers as an incentive. | Other | Experimental Group |
Primary outcome
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
Time frame: Pretest
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S)
Time frame: 1 month after the intervention
CANA-S has 4 sub-dimensions: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It consists of 20 items in total, 11 of which are reverse scored (1,2,3,5,7,10,12,13,16,17,18). It is a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 to 5 (between "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree"). The highest score to be obtained from the scale is 100 and the lowest score is 20. Each of the subscales is 25 points. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect increases; As the scores decrease, the level of awareness of child abuse and neglect decreases. In the internal consistency analysis for reliability, the Cronbach alpha value of CANA-S was found to be 0.768.
3 secondary outcomes
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
Time frame: Pretest
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention
1. Scale for Identification to the Symptom and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect (SISRCAN)
Time frame: 1 month after the intervention
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jun 2023.
- BackgroundAkcan, A., & Demiralay, Ş. (2016). Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin çocuk ihmal ve istismarına ilişkin algıları. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(32), 275-281.
- BackgroundAltan, H. (2015). Üniversite Öğrencisi Gençlere Çocuk İstismarı Ve İhmali Konusunda Yapılan Eğitimin Bilgi Ve Farkındalıklarına Etkisi [Doktora, Gazi Üniversitesi].
- Background: PubMed 34141519Austin AE, Lesak AM, Shanahan ME. Risk and protective factors for child maltreatment: A review. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2020 Oct 7;7(4):334-342. doi: 10.1007/s40471-020-00252-3.
- BackgroundBağ, Ö. F., & Bozkurt, G. (2021). Hemşirelerin Çocuk İhmal Ve İstismarina İlişkin Farkindaliklarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 17-24.
- Background: PubMed 34900652Bahrami N, Tork-Torabi M, Sotoudeh R, Namnabati M. Perceived Child Abuse and Neglect in Hospitalized Children with Special Health Care Needs in Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2021 Oct 22;26(6):526-530. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_296_19. eCollection 2021 Nov-Dec.
- BackgroundBakır, E., & Kapucu, S. (2017). Çocuk ihmali ve istismarının Türkiye'de yapılan araştırmalara yansıması: Bir literatür incelemesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 13-24.
- BackgroundBaşdaş, Ö., & Bozdağ, F. (2018). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama durumlarının belirlenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 267-275.
- BackgroundBurç, A., & Güdücü Tüfekci, F. (2015). Hemşirelerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmalinin belirti ve risklerini tanılama düzeyleri.
- Background: PubMed 35050956Chen CJ, Chen YW, Chang HY, Feng JY. Screening Tools for Child Abuse Used by Healthcare Providers: A Systematic Review. J Nurs Res. 2022 Feb 1;30(1):e193. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000475.
- BackgroundChild Welfare Information Gateway. (2004). Risk and Protective Factors for Child Abuse and Neglect. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children's Bureau. . https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/riskprotectivefactors.pdf
- BackgroundChild Welfare Information Gateway. (2019). What is child abuse and neglect? Recognizing the signs and symptoms. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau.
- Background: PubMed 26726964Cicchetti D. Socioemotional, Personality, and Biological Development: Illustrations from a Multilevel Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Maltreatment. Annu Rev Psychol. 2016;67:187-211. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033259.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gokce Nz Cakir, BSN study chair
Yeditepe University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing CANAP Education in people with Child Abuse and Child Neglect, run by Yeditepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jun 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Damla Ozcevik Subasi, PhD (05336038073, dozcevik17@ku.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S) (time frame: Pretest). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05925387, which also lists 27 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jun 2023.