Acute Kidney InjuryNCT05945706
Evaluation of Renal Resistive Index in Patients with Controlled Hypotension
An observational study of Acute Kidney Injury and Hypotension, Controlled, run by Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In recent studies, it has been reported that the renal resistive index is effective in detecting postoperative acute kidney injury in the early period. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative renal resistive index variation with intraoperative controlled hypotension and research the renal… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Kidney Injury, Hypotension, Controlled, Renal Failure
- How many people
- 65 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2023to 31 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: All ASA I-II-III patients who are scheduled to undergo elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery older than 18 years old
Who may be able to join
- >18 years old
- will undergo elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery
- ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist Classification) I-II or III
Who cannot join
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Asymmetric kidney disease
- Poor echogenicity (for imaging)
- Chronic renal dysfunction (GFR<30)
- Renal artery stenosis
- Endocarditis
- Postoperative agitation or confusion
- Postoperative polypnea >35/min or respiratory failure
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Dıskapı Training and Research Hospital
Ankara, Altındağ, 06110
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Renal Resistance Index by Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery with Controlled Hypotension
In recent studies, it has been reported that the renal resistive index is effective in detecting postoperative acute kidney injury in the early period. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative renal resistive index variation with intraoperative controlled hypotension and research the renal resistive index's utility in the early detection of renal dysfunction that may develop after surgery.
Read the detailed description
Controlled hypotension could be defined as a reduction of the systolic blood pressure to 80-90 mmHg, a reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 50-65 mmHg, or a 30% reduction of baseline MAP (1). It is frequently applied in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and ear-nose-throat surgeries to reduce blood loss and provide a good field of view to the surgeon. However, the combination of hypotension with hypovolemia may result in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in the elderly and in patients with hypoperfusion-sensitive disease. The situation may worsen with nephrotoxic drugs.
In patients with AKI, the length of hospital stay is prolonged, and the risk of morbidity and mortality increases, so early detection of AKI is significant. Perioperative AKI diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. Although there are various tests (cystatin-c, urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, etc.), there is still no early, accurate, easy-to-use AKI marker in clinical practice.
The most commonly used guidelines for AKI classification are 2004-RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, End stage renal disease), 2007-AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network), and 2012-KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). Based on the validity of the RIFLE and AKIN criteria, the KDIGO guideline was developed to diagnose AKI with a straightforward definition for clinical practice.
Doppler ultrasonography is widely used in the evaluation of chronic kidney diseases. Renal resistive index (RRI), one of the Doopler-derived indices, is calculated by imaging the intrarenal (arcuate or interlobar) artery and measuring the highest systolic and lowest end-diastolic blood flow velocity using a colored Doppler. It is generally accepted that the normal value of the RRI is 0.60 ± 0.01 (mean±SD), and there is a general opinion that the upper limit of the RRI is 0.7 (2). The renal resistive index has been used for years to diagnose and follow up on various kidney diseases (evaluation of chronic renal allograft rejection, detection and management of renal artery stenosis, and chronic differential diagnosis) (3). Recent studies have reported that RRI effectively detects postoperative AKI in the early period before the criteria for AKIN are formed (4-5).
This study aims to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative renal resistive index variation with intraoperative controlled hypotension and research the renal resistive index's utility in the early detection of renal dysfunction that may develop after surgery.
- Keywords
- acute kidney injury, blood flow velocity, Renal Doppler ultrasound, Renal Resistive Index, Controlled hypotension
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Kidney Injury, Hypotension, Renal Insufficiency
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Renal resistive index
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography before anesthesia induction
Measured: baseline, pre-surgery
Renal resistive index
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography at the end of surgery under anesthesia
Measured: immediately after the surgery under anesthesia
Renal resistive index
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography in the postanesthetic care unit
Measured: within 30 minutes after surgery
Secondary outcomes (4)
serum creatinine
blood serum creatinine level at admission to the hospital
Measured: preoperative (baseline)
serum creatinine
blood serum creatinine level on postoperative day one
Measured: postoperative day 1
serum creatinine
blood serum creatinine level on postoperative day two
Measured: postoperative day 2
postoperative urine output
postoperative urine output measurement
Measured: every 6 hours for 48 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jul 2023
- Study start1 Jul 2023
- Primary completion1 Oct 2023
- Study completion31 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute Kidney InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case crossover
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fatma Özkan Sipahioğlu, Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Fatma Ozkan Sipahioglu, MD, Principal investigator, Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05945706
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Renal Rezistif Index
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 5 Jul 2023
- Last updated
- 14 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Xu N, Chen L, Liu L, Rong W. Dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil for controlled hypotension under general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023 Jan 17;18(1):e0278846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278846. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 36649357Tublin ME, Bude RO, Platt JF. Review. The resistive index in renal Doppler sonography: where do we stand? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Apr;180(4):885-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.180.4.1800885. No abstract available.
PubMed 12646425Marty P, Ferre F, Labaste F, Jacques L, Luzi A, Conil JM, Silva S, Minville V. The Doppler renal resistive index for early detection of acute kidney injury after hip fracture. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016 Dec;35(6):377-382. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
PubMed 27133237Bossard G, Bourgoin P, Corbeau JJ, Huntzinger J, Beydon L. Early detection of postoperative acute kidney injury by Doppler renal resistive index in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Dec;107(6):891-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer289. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
PubMed 21940396Viazzi F, Leoncini G, Derchi LE, Pontremoli R. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index: a useful tool for the management of the hypertensive patient. J Hypertens. 2014 Jan;32(1):149-53. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328365b29c.
PubMed 24172238Ozkan Sipahioglu F, Atar F, Bayraktaroglu M, Karaca Akaslan F, Ozkan D. Evaluation of renal resistive index in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with controlled hypotension. BMC Anesthesiol. 2026 Aug 28;26(1):653. doi: 10.1186/s12871-026-04196-x.
PubMed 42972515
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Renal Resistance Index by Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery with Controlled Hypotension
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05945706
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Renal Rezistif Index
- Keywords
- acute kidney injury, blood flow velocity, Renal Doppler ultrasound, Renal Resistive Index, Controlled hypotension
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Diskapi Training and Research HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In recent studies, it has been reported that the renal resistive index is effective in detecting postoperative acute kidney injury in the early period. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative renal resistive index variation with intraoperative controlled hypotension and research the renal resistive index's utility in the early detection of renal dysfunction that may develop after surgery.
Detailed description
Controlled hypotension could be defined as a reduction of the systolic blood pressure to 80-90 mmHg, a reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 50-65 mmHg, or a 30% reduction of baseline MAP (1). It is frequently applied in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and ear-nose-throat surgeries to reduce blood loss and provide a good field of view to the surgeon. However, the combination of hypotension with hypovolemia may result in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in the elderly and in patients with hypoperfusion-sensitive disease. The situation may worsen with nephrotoxic drugs.
In patients with AKI, the length of hospital stay is prolonged, and the risk of morbidity and mortality increases, so early detection of AKI is significant. Perioperative AKI diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. Although there are various tests (cystatin-c, urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, etc.), there is still no early, accurate, easy-to-use AKI marker in clinical practice.
The most commonly used guidelines for AKI classification are 2004-RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, End stage renal disease), 2007-AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network), and 2012-KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). Based on the validity of the RIFLE and AKIN criteria, the KDIGO guideline was developed to diagnose AKI with a straightforward definition for clinical practice.
Doppler ultrasonography is widely used in the evaluation of chronic kidney diseases. Renal resistive index (RRI), one of the Doopler-derived indices, is calculated by imaging the intrarenal (arcuate or interlobar) artery and measuring the highest systolic and lowest end-diastolic blood flow velocity using a colored Doppler. It is generally accepted that the normal value of the RRI is 0.60 ± 0.01 (mean±SD), and there is a general opinion that the upper limit of the RRI is 0.7 (2). The renal resistive index has been used for years to diagnose and follow up on various kidney diseases (evaluation of chronic renal allograft rejection, detection and management of renal artery stenosis, and chronic differential diagnosis) (3). Recent studies have reported that RRI effectively detects postoperative AKI in the early period before the criteria for AKIN are formed (4-5).
This study aims to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative renal resistive index variation with intraoperative controlled hypotension and research the renal resistive index's utility in the early detection of renal dysfunction that may develop after surgery.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case crossover
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- All ASA I-II-III patients who are scheduled to undergo elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery older than 18 years old
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- >18 years old
- will undergo elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery
- ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist Classification) I-II or III
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Asymmetric kidney disease
- Poor echogenicity (for imaging)
- Chronic renal dysfunction (GFR<30)
- Renal artery stenosis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Renal resistive index
Time frame: baseline, pre-surgery
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography before anesthesia induction
Renal resistive index
Time frame: immediately after the surgery under anesthesia
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography at the end of surgery under anesthesia
Renal resistive index
Time frame: within 30 minutes after surgery
Renal resistive index measurement by Doppler ultrasonography in the postanesthetic care unit
4 secondary outcomes
serum creatinine
Time frame: preoperative (baseline)
serum creatinine
Time frame: postoperative day 1
serum creatinine
Time frame: postoperative day 2
postoperative urine output
Time frame: every 6 hours for 48 hours
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 36649357Xu N, Chen L, Liu L, Rong W. Dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil for controlled hypotension under general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023 Jan 17;18(1):e0278846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278846. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 12646425Tublin ME, Bude RO, Platt JF. Review. The resistive index in renal Doppler sonography: where do we stand? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Apr;180(4):885-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.180.4.1800885. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 27133237Marty P, Ferre F, Labaste F, Jacques L, Luzi A, Conil JM, Silva S, Minville V. The Doppler renal resistive index for early detection of acute kidney injury after hip fracture. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016 Dec;35(6):377-382. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
- Background: PubMed 21940396Bossard G, Bourgoin P, Corbeau JJ, Huntzinger J, Beydon L. Early detection of postoperative acute kidney injury by Doppler renal resistive index in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Dec;107(6):891-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer289. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
- Background: PubMed 24172238Viazzi F, Leoncini G, Derchi LE, Pontremoli R. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index: a useful tool for the management of the hypertensive patient. J Hypertens. 2014 Jan;32(1):149-53. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328365b29c.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42972515Ozkan Sipahioglu F, Atar F, Bayraktaroglu M, Karaca Akaslan F, Ozkan D. Evaluation of renal resistive index in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with controlled hypotension. BMC Anesthesiol. 2026 Aug 28;26(1):653. doi: 10.1186/s12871-026-04196-x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Fatma Ozkan Sipahioglu, MD principal investigator
Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Acute Kidney Injury and Hypotension, Controlled, run by Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Renal resistive index (time frame: baseline, pre-surgery). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05945706, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Mar 2025.