Motor DevelopmentNCT05948176
Motor Development of Normal Children
An observational study of Motor Development, run by Cairo University at 2 sites in Egypt.
Trial summary
The goal of this type of study: observational study is to compare motor development between urban and rural regions in pre-school age children. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there difference in gross motor development of normal pre-school age children between urban and rural areas? Is there difference… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 4 to 6 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motor Development
- What is being tested?
- The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition
- How many people
- 600 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesEgypt
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2024to 1 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 4 to 6 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Study population: Subjects will be selected from kindergartens and schools.
Who may be able to join
- Pre-school normal children of both sexes.
Who cannot join
- Any diseases or deformities affecting development
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Egypt2 sites
Faculty of physical therapy,Cairo university
Cairo, Cairo Governorate
Schools
Cairo
About this study
Official title: Motor Development of Normal Children in Urban Versus Rural Regions
The goal of this type of study: observational study is to compare motor development between urban and rural regions in pre-school age children. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Is there difference in gross motor development of normal pre-school age children between urban and rural areas?
- Is there difference in fine motor development of normal pre-school age children between urban and rural areas?
Participants will be asked to perform tasks of bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition.
Researchers will compare urban group and rural group to see if there is any difference in motor development.
- Conditions
- Motor Development
- Being tested
- The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition
- Keywords
- Motor development, Pre-school children, Urban and Rural areas, BOT2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second EditionOther
It is a standardized measure of fine and gross motor skills in children and youth aged 4-21 years
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Urban group1 | 150 boys Receives: Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition | |
| Urban group2 | 150 girls Receives: Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition | |
| Rural group 3 | 150 boys Receives: Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition | |
| Rural group 4 | 150 girls Receives: Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Assessing motor development by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2)
BOT-2 is a norm-referenced standardized measure of fine and gross motor skills in children and youth aged 4-21 years.It consists of 53 items and is typically completed in 45-60 minutes.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jul 2023
- Study start1 Jan 2024
- Primary completion1 Mar 2026
- Study completion1 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (48)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Motor DevelopmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cairo UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hadeer Abdallah Abdel Khalik, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes
- Investigators
- Eman IB EL-Hadidy, Professor, Study chair, Cairo UniversitySamia AB Abdel Rahman, Professor, Study director, Cairo UniversityHadeer AA Abdel El-Khalik, Masters, Principal investigator, Cairo University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05948176
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P.T.REC/012/004138
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 8 Jul 2023
- Last updated
- 28 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. Results will be published by the investigators in academic journals.Sharing of generated study data will be carried out in several different ways.We plan to make our results available to researchers and potential collaborators
Publications
Al-Thumali F (2016): Assessment of Motor Proficiency Levels in Children in Saudi Arabia. Theses and Dissertations. School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, 7 (2):3-12.
Balasundaram P and Avulakunta ID (2022): Human growth and development. [Updated 2022 Jan 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567767/
Bellman M, Byrne O, Sege R. Developmental assessment of children. BMJ. 2013 Jan 15;346:e8687. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8687. No abstract available.
PubMed 23321410Beltre G and Mendez M (2022): Child Development. [Updated 2022 Mar 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK564386/.
Bruininks R and Bruininks B (2005): Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition manual. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson Assessments
Bruininks RH and Bruinicks BD (2005): Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson. Accessed 21 May 2022
Burkett T (2018): Norm-Referenced Testing and Criterion-Referenced Testing. In: Liontas JI (ed.): The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp:1-5.
Cairney J, Hay J, Veldhuizen S, Missiuna C, Faught BE. Comparing probable case identification of developmental coordination disorder using the short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and the Movement ABC. Child Care Health Dev. 2009 May;35(3):402-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00957.x.
PubMed 19397603Case-smith J (2015): Development of childhood occupations. In: Case-smith j. and O'Brien J. (eds.): Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents. 7th edition. St Louis, MI: Elsevier Mosby. pp:67-69.
Choo YY, Agarwal P, How CH, Yeleswarapu SP. Developmental delay: identification and management at primary care level. Singapore Med J. 2019 Mar;60(3):119-123. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2019025.
PubMed 30997518Cools W, Martelaer KD, Samaey C, Andries C. Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools. J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Jun 1;8(2):154-68.
PubMed 24149522Cowden J and Torrey C (2007): Motor Development and Movement Activities for Preschoolers and Infants With Delays: A Multisensory Approach for Professionals and Families. 2nd edition. Charles C. Thomas Pub Ltd. pp:3-17.
Croce RV, Horvat M, McCarthy E. Reliability and concurrent validity of the movement assessment battery for children. Percept Mot Skills. 2001 Aug;93(1):275-80. doi: 10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.275.
PubMed 11693695Deitz JC, Kartin D, Kopp K. Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2007;27(4):87-102.
PubMed 18032151Ferreira L, Godinez I, Gabbard C, Vieira JLL, Cacola P. Motor development in school-age children is associated with the home environment including socioeconomic status. Child Care Health Dev. 2018 Nov;44(6):801-806. doi: 10.1111/cch.12606. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
PubMed 30066336
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Motor Development of Normal Children in Urban Versus Rural Regions
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05948176
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P.T.REC/012/004138
- Conditions
- Motor Development
- Keywords
- Motor development, Pre-school children, Urban and Rural areas, BOT2
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this type of study: observational study is to compare motor development between urban and rural regions in pre-school age children. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Is there difference in gross motor development of normal pre-school age children between urban and rural areas?
- Is there difference in fine motor development of normal pre-school age children between urban and rural areas?
Participants will be asked to perform tasks of bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition.
Researchers will compare urban group and rural group to see if there is any difference in motor development.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Urban group1 | – | Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition150 boys |
| Urban group2 | – | Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition150 girls |
| Rural group 3 | – | Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition150 boys |
| Rural group 4 | – | Other: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition150 girls |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 4 to 6 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
- Study population
- Subjects will be selected from kindergartens and schools.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Pre-school normal children of both sexes.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Any diseases or deformities affecting development
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second EditionIt is a standardized measure of fine and gross motor skills in children and youth aged 4-21 years | Other | Rural group 3, Rural group 4, Urban group1, Urban group2 |
Primary outcome
Assessing motor development by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2)
Time frame: Baseline
BOT-2 is a norm-referenced standardized measure of fine and gross motor skills in children and youth aged 4-21 years.It consists of 53 items and is typically completed in 45-60 minutes.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Oct 2026.
- BackgroundAl-Thumali F (2016): Assessment of Motor Proficiency Levels in Children in Saudi Arabia. Theses and Dissertations. School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, 7 (2):3-12.
- BackgroundBalasundaram P and Avulakunta ID (2022): Human growth and development. [Updated 2022 Jan 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567767/
- Background: PubMed 23321410Bellman M, Byrne O, Sege R. Developmental assessment of children. BMJ. 2013 Jan 15;346:e8687. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8687. No abstract available.
- BackgroundBeltre G and Mendez M (2022): Child Development. [Updated 2022 Mar 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK564386/.
- BackgroundBruininks R and Bruininks B (2005): Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition manual. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson Assessments
- BackgroundBruininks RH and Bruinicks BD (2005): Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson. Accessed 21 May 2022
- BackgroundBurkett T (2018): Norm-Referenced Testing and Criterion-Referenced Testing. In: Liontas JI (ed.): The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp:1-5.
- Background: PubMed 19397603Cairney J, Hay J, Veldhuizen S, Missiuna C, Faught BE. Comparing probable case identification of developmental coordination disorder using the short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and the Movement ABC. Child Care Health Dev. 2009 May;35(3):402-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00957.x.
- BackgroundCase-smith J (2015): Development of childhood occupations. In: Case-smith j. and O'Brien J. (eds.): Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents. 7th edition. St Louis, MI: Elsevier Mosby. pp:67-69.
- Background: PubMed 30997518Choo YY, Agarwal P, How CH, Yeleswarapu SP. Developmental delay: identification and management at primary care level. Singapore Med J. 2019 Mar;60(3):119-123. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2019025.
- Background: PubMed 24149522Cools W, Martelaer KD, Samaey C, Andries C. Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools. J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Jun 1;8(2):154-68.
- BackgroundCowden J and Torrey C (2007): Motor Development and Movement Activities for Preschoolers and Infants With Delays: A Multisensory Approach for Professionals and Families. 2nd edition. Charles C. Thomas Pub Ltd. pp:3-17.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. Results will be published by the investigators in academic journals.Sharing of generated study data will be carried out in several different ways.We plan to make our results available to researchers and potential collaborators
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Eman IB EL-Hadidy, Professor study chair
Cairo University
Samia AB Abdel Rahman, Professor study director
Cairo University
Hadeer AA Abdel El-Khalik, Masters principal investigator
Cairo University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Motor Development, run by Cairo University at 2 sites in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Assessing motor development by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) (time frame: Baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05948176, which also lists 48 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 29 Oct 2026.