Mild Cognitive ImpairmentNCT05948930
Working Memory and Physical Exercise Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
A study testing Progressive aerobic exercise, Adaptive cognitive training and Combined in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment, run by University of Maryland, Baltimore at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The prevalence of dementia will double in the next three decades in the U.S.; effective treatment or prevention for dementia is urgently needed. The current exploratory project aims to evaluate and understand how the brain and cognition may improve after a 12-week intervention that combines brain training and aerobic… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- What is being tested?
- Progressive aerobic exercise, Adaptive cognitive training and Combined
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 8 Jan 2024to 7 Aug 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult men and women of all races and ethnicities who are 50-80 years of age will be eligible.
- Only sedentary adults will be eligible (engaging in structured activity for exercise <3x/week) for Progressive aerobic exercise or Combined training
- Ability to use, and accessibility to, an iPad or computer is required for the Adaptive cognitive training and Combined training.
- Fluent in English.
- The diagnosis of MCI will first be confirmed at the screening evaluation using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We will also evaluate their ADL using instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) to ensure they have preserved independence in functional abilities despite the cognitive deficits. The primary caregivers will be interviewed (either in person or by phone) for the participants' IADL to corroborate the independent functional status.
Who cannot join
- Does not have access to a computer or internet to perform the Cogmed® training AND is unwilling to come to the lab for the training.
- Unable to undergo an MRI investigation based on claustrophobia or metal foreign bodies.
- Symptomatic heart disease, Coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>10%), significant cardiovascular disorders (on EKG and graded exercise test) that would prevent the participant from the exercise training; neurologic, musculoskeletal, or other condition that limits the subject's ability to complete study physical assessments.
- Estimated verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) below 70 (based on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) which would invalidate the informed consent process for the study.
- Self-reported moderate to severe substance use disorder(s) (e.g., self-reported intake >3 oz liquor, or three 4 oz glasses of wine, or three 12 oz cans of beer per day or illicit drug use).
- Severe chronic or acute medical or other (non-MCI) neuropsychiatric conditions that might confound the cognitive or brain imaging measures (e.g., liver function tests >2.5 normal range or evidence for renal failure).
- Body mass index >40 kg/m2.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
University of Maryland Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
Huajun Liang, MBBS, PhD, 410-706-1031, huajun.liang@som.umaryland.edu
About this study
Official title: Adaptive Working Memory and Physical Exercise Training to Improve Brain and Mitochondrial Function in MCI
The prevalence of dementia will double in the next three decades in the U.S.; effective treatment or prevention for dementia is urgently needed. The current exploratory project aims to evaluate and understand how the brain and cognition may improve after a 12-week intervention that combines brain training and aerobic exercise training to improve brain function, both in those with mild cognitive impairment (some with possible prodromal Alzheimer's disease) and with healthy aging. Findings from this pilot project will guide and refine the development of a future larger clinical trial that aligns with the goals of the National Alzheimer's Plan of Action (NAPA), especially regarding "Prevent and Effectively Treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by 2025.
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Being tested
- Progressive aerobic exercise, Adaptive cognitive training, Combined
- Medical subject headings
- Cognitive Dysfunction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Progressive aerobic exerciseBehavioural
Progressive aerobic exercise
Adaptive cognitive trainingBehavioural
Adaptive cognitive training
CombinedBehavioural
Combine adaptive cognitive and progressive aerobic exercise training
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Progressive aerobic exercise 3x/week for 12 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Progressive aerobic exercise |
| Cognitive Training | Experimental | Adaptive cognitive training on Cogmed 5x/week for a total of 25 sessions in 5-8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Adaptive cognitive training |
| Combined Cognitive and Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Combined progressive aerobic exercise 3x/week for 12 weeks and adaptive cognitive training on Cogmed 5x/week for a total of 25 sessions in 5-8 weeks simultaneously. Receives: Behavioral: Combined |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Brain structure measures
Changes in brain volume measures from T1-weighted images (volumes in mm3)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in brain cortical thickness measures
Changes in brain cortical thickness measures from T1-weighted images (thickness measures in mm)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in Brain microstructure measures
Changes in brain measures of diffused tensor imaging (diffusion coefficient in mm²/s)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in Brain blood flow from Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in milliliters/100 g/minutes
Changes in Brain blood flow from Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in milliliters/ 100 g/ minutes
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in Brain Activation on functional MRI
Changes in functional MRI from blood oxygen level dependence (BOLD) contrast on fMRI (in percentage change)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in cognitive performance, emotions, and motor function based on NIH toolbox
Changes in cognitive performance, emotions, and motor function in raw scores measured by the NIH Toolbox® (reports will be generated as T scores, with higher T scores indicating better outcomes)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A)
Changes in executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) (reports will be generated as T scores, with lower T scores indicating better outcomes and T scores higher than 65 indicating significant impairments in the executive function)
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in Blood Bioenergetic Markers
Platelet mitochondrial respiration (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) will be evaluated to assess bioenergetic profiles in platelets isolated from whole blood of fasted participants. OCR will be measured using a Seahorse model XFe96 machine as the high throughput platform. Measurements of OCR/ECAR will be performed with the following modifications. Platelets will be isolated from whole blood with a Beckman Allegra model X-30R centrifuge.
Platelets will be counted using a Nexcelom Bioscience Cellometer (Lawrence, MA) using Calcein acetoxymethyl (AM) ester dye to enable the seeding of 10,000,000 platelets per well.
Measured: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Secondary outcomes (1)
VO2peak
VO2peak will be used as the primary measure of aerobic capacity. Subjects will be asked to exercise to voluntary exhaustion during a treadmill test using a modified Bruce protocol. Oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and minute ventilation will be measured breath-by-breath using a metabolic cart and the average of the final two 20 second values of O2 consumption are VO2peak.
Measured: At baseline and within one week after the corresponding training program.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jul 2023
- Study start8 Jan 2024
- Primary completion16 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion7 Aug 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Mild Cognitive ImpairmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Linda Chang, University of Maryland, Baltimore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05948930
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HP-00105789
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Jul 2023
- Last updated
- 12 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Chacko BK, Kramer PA, Ravi S, Benavides GA, Mitchell T, Dranka BP, Ferrick D, Singal AK, Ballinger SW, Bailey SM, Hardy RW, Zhang J, Zhi D, Darley-Usmar VM. The Bioenergetic Health Index: a new concept in mitochondrial translational research. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014 Sep;127(6):367-73. doi: 10.1042/CS20140101.
PubMed 24895057Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Chang YV, Wolk DA, Fernandez-Seara MA, Detre JA. Whole-brain background-suppressed pCASL MRI with 1D-accelerated 3D RARE Stack-Of-Spirals readout. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 24;12(8):e0183762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183762. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28837640Dolui S, Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Nasrallah IM, Alavi A, Wolk DA, Detre JA. Comparison of PASL, PCASL, and background-suppressed 3D PCASL in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Oct;38(10):5260-5273. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23732. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
PubMed 28737289Hol HR, Flak MM, Chang L, Lohaugen GCC, Bjuland KJ, Rimol LM, Engvig A, Skranes J, Ernst T, Madsen BO, Hernes SS. Cortical Thickness Changes After Computerized Working Memory Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Apr 4;14:796110. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.796110. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35444526Panee J, Gerschenson M, Chang L. Associations Between Microbiota, Mitochondrial Function, and Cognition in Chronic Marijuana Users. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;13(1):113-122. doi: 10.1007/s11481-017-9767-0. Epub 2017 Nov 4.
PubMed 29101632Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Shively C, Andrews RN, Neth B, Keene CD, Mintz A, Craft S, Molina AJA. Blood-Based Bioenergetic Profiling Reflects Differences in Brain Bioenergetics and Metabolism. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:7317251. doi: 10.1155/2017/7317251. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
PubMed 29098063Chang L, Holt JL, Yakupov R, Jiang CS, Ernst T. Lower cognitive reserve in the aging human immunodeficiency virus-infected brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Apr;34(4):1240-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
PubMed 23158761Chang L, Yakupov R, Cloak C, Ernst T. Marijuana use is associated with a reorganized visual-attention network and cerebellar hypoactivation. Brain. 2006 May;129(Pt 5):1096-112. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl064. Epub 2006 Apr 3.
PubMed 16585053Tomasi D, Caparelli EC, Chang L, Ernst T. fMRI-acoustic noise alters brain activation during working memory tasks. Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 15;27(2):377-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.010.
PubMed 15893942Tomasi D, Ernst T, Caparelli EC, Chang L. Practice-induced changes of brain function during visual attention: a parametric fMRI study at 4 Tesla. Neuroimage. 2004 Dec;23(4):1414-21. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.065.
PubMed 15589105Ernst T, Chang L, Arnold S. Increased glial metabolites predict increased working memory network activation in HIV brain injury. Neuroimage. 2003 Aug;19(4):1686-93. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00232-5.
PubMed 12948723Ernst T, Chang L, Jovicich J, Ames N, Arnold S. Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients. Neurology. 2002 Nov 12;59(9):1343-9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000031811.45569.b0.
PubMed 12427881Chang L, Lohaugen GC, Douet V, Miller EN, Skranes J, Ernst T. Neural correlates of working memory training in HIV patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Feb 2;17:62. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1160-4.
PubMed 26833223Flak MM, Hernes SS, Chang L, Ernst T, Douet V, Skranes J, Lohaugen GC. The Memory Aid study: protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the effect of computer-based working memory training in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Trials. 2014 May 3;15:156. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-156.
PubMed 24886034Chang L, Lohaugen GC, Andres T, Jiang CS, Douet V, Tanizaki N, Walker C, Castillo D, Lim A, Skranes J, Otoshi C, Miller EN, Ernst TM. Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. Ann Neurol. 2017 Jan;81(1):17-34. doi: 10.1002/ana.24805. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
PubMed 27761943
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Adaptive Working Memory and Physical Exercise Training to Improve Brain and Mitochondrial Function in MCI
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05948930
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HP-00105789
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Maryland, BaltimoreUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 7 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The prevalence of dementia will double in the next three decades in the U.S.; effective treatment or prevention for dementia is urgently needed. The current exploratory project aims to evaluate and understand how the brain and cognition may improve after a 12-week intervention that combines brain training and aerobic exercise training to improve brain function, both in those with mild cognitive impairment (some with possible prodromal Alzheimer's disease) and with healthy aging. Findings from this pilot project will guide and refine the development of a future larger clinical trial that aligns with the goals of the National Alzheimer's Plan of Action (NAPA), especially regarding "Prevent and Effectively Treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by 2025.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: Progressive aerobic exerciseProgressive aerobic exercise 3x/week for 12 weeks. |
| Cognitive Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Adaptive cognitive trainingAdaptive cognitive training on Cogmed 5x/week for a total of 25 sessions in 5-8 weeks. |
| Combined Cognitive and Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: CombinedCombined progressive aerobic exercise 3x/week for 12 weeks and adaptive cognitive training on Cogmed 5x/week for a total of 25 sessions in 5-8 weeks simultaneously. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Adult men and women of all races and ethnicities who are 50-80 years of age will be eligible.
- Only sedentary adults will be eligible (engaging in structured activity for exercise <3x/week) for Progressive aerobic exercise or Combined training
- Ability to use, and accessibility to, an iPad or computer is required for the Adaptive cognitive training and Combined training.
- Fluent in English.
- The diagnosis of MCI will first be confirmed at the screening evaluation using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We will also evaluate their ADL using instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) to ensure they have preserved independence in functional abilities despite the cognitive deficits. The primary caregivers will be interviewed (either in person or by phone) for the participants' IADL to corroborate the independent functional status.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Does not have access to a computer or internet to perform the Cogmed® training AND is unwilling to come to the lab for the training.
- Unable to undergo an MRI investigation based on claustrophobia or metal foreign bodies.
- Symptomatic heart disease, Coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>10%), significant cardiovascular disorders (on EKG and graded exercise test) that would prevent the participant from the exercise training; neurologic, musculoskeletal, or other condition that limits the subject's ability to complete study physical assessments.
- Estimated verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) below 70 (based on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) which would invalidate the informed consent process for the study.
- Self-reported moderate to severe substance use disorder(s) (e.g., self-reported intake >3 oz liquor, or three 4 oz glasses of wine, or three 12 oz cans of beer per day or illicit drug use).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Progressive aerobic exerciseProgressive aerobic exercise | Behavioural | Aerobic Exercise |
| Adaptive cognitive trainingAdaptive cognitive training | Behavioural | Cognitive Training |
| CombinedCombine adaptive cognitive and progressive aerobic exercise training | Behavioural | Combined Cognitive and Aerobic Exercise |
Primary outcome
Changes in Brain structure measures
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in brain volume measures from T1-weighted images (volumes in mm3)
Changes in brain cortical thickness measures
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in brain cortical thickness measures from T1-weighted images (thickness measures in mm)
Changes in Brain microstructure measures
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in brain measures of diffused tensor imaging (diffusion coefficient in mm²/s)
Changes in Brain blood flow from Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in milliliters/100 g/minutes
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in Brain blood flow from Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in milliliters/ 100 g/ minutes
Changes in Brain Activation on functional MRI
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in functional MRI from blood oxygen level dependence (BOLD) contrast on fMRI (in percentage change)
Changes in cognitive performance, emotions, and motor function based on NIH toolbox
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in cognitive performance, emotions, and motor function in raw scores measured by the NIH Toolbox® (reports will be generated as T scores, with higher T scores indicating better outcomes)
Changes in executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A)
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Changes in executive function using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) (reports will be generated as T scores, with lower T scores indicating better outcomes and T scores higher than 65 indicating significant impairments in the executive function)
Changes in Blood Bioenergetic Markers
Time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.
Platelet mitochondrial respiration (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) will be evaluated to assess bioenergetic profiles in platelets isolated from whole blood of fasted participants. OCR will be measured using a Seahorse model XFe96 machine as the high throughput platform. Measurements of OCR/ECAR will be performed with the following modifications. Platelets will be isolated from whole blood with a Beckman Allegra model X-30R centrifuge. Platelets will be counted using a Nexcelom Bioscience Cellometer (Lawrence, MA) using Calcein acetoxymethyl (AM) ester dye to enable the seeding of 10,000,000 platelets per well.
1 secondary outcome
VO2peak
Time frame: At baseline and within one week after the corresponding training program.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 24895057Chacko BK, Kramer PA, Ravi S, Benavides GA, Mitchell T, Dranka BP, Ferrick D, Singal AK, Ballinger SW, Bailey SM, Hardy RW, Zhang J, Zhi D, Darley-Usmar VM. The Bioenergetic Health Index: a new concept in mitochondrial translational research. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014 Sep;127(6):367-73. doi: 10.1042/CS20140101.
- Background: PubMed 28837640Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Chang YV, Wolk DA, Fernandez-Seara MA, Detre JA. Whole-brain background-suppressed pCASL MRI with 1D-accelerated 3D RARE Stack-Of-Spirals readout. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 24;12(8):e0183762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183762. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 28737289Dolui S, Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Nasrallah IM, Alavi A, Wolk DA, Detre JA. Comparison of PASL, PCASL, and background-suppressed 3D PCASL in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Oct;38(10):5260-5273. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23732. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
- Background: PubMed 35444526Hol HR, Flak MM, Chang L, Lohaugen GCC, Bjuland KJ, Rimol LM, Engvig A, Skranes J, Ernst T, Madsen BO, Hernes SS. Cortical Thickness Changes After Computerized Working Memory Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Apr 4;14:796110. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.796110. eCollection 2022.
- Background: PubMed 29101632Panee J, Gerschenson M, Chang L. Associations Between Microbiota, Mitochondrial Function, and Cognition in Chronic Marijuana Users. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;13(1):113-122. doi: 10.1007/s11481-017-9767-0. Epub 2017 Nov 4.
- Background: PubMed 29098063Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Shively C, Andrews RN, Neth B, Keene CD, Mintz A, Craft S, Molina AJA. Blood-Based Bioenergetic Profiling Reflects Differences in Brain Bioenergetics and Metabolism. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:7317251. doi: 10.1155/2017/7317251. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
- Background: PubMed 23158761Chang L, Holt JL, Yakupov R, Jiang CS, Ernst T. Lower cognitive reserve in the aging human immunodeficiency virus-infected brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Apr;34(4):1240-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
- Background: PubMed 16585053Chang L, Yakupov R, Cloak C, Ernst T. Marijuana use is associated with a reorganized visual-attention network and cerebellar hypoactivation. Brain. 2006 May;129(Pt 5):1096-112. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl064. Epub 2006 Apr 3.
- Background: PubMed 15893942Tomasi D, Caparelli EC, Chang L, Ernst T. fMRI-acoustic noise alters brain activation during working memory tasks. Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 15;27(2):377-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.010.
- Background: PubMed 15589105Tomasi D, Ernst T, Caparelli EC, Chang L. Practice-induced changes of brain function during visual attention: a parametric fMRI study at 4 Tesla. Neuroimage. 2004 Dec;23(4):1414-21. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.065.
- Background: PubMed 12948723Ernst T, Chang L, Arnold S. Increased glial metabolites predict increased working memory network activation in HIV brain injury. Neuroimage. 2003 Aug;19(4):1686-93. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00232-5.
- Background: PubMed 12427881Ernst T, Chang L, Jovicich J, Ames N, Arnold S. Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients. Neurology. 2002 Nov 12;59(9):1343-9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000031811.45569.b0.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Progressive aerobic exercise, Adaptive cognitive training and Combined in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment, run by University of Maryland, Baltimore at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Linda Chang, M.D., M.S. (410 706 1036, LChang@som.umaryland.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Brain structure measures (time frame: At baseline and at 4 weeks after the corresponding training program.). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05948930, which also lists 18 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 May 2026.