Social PhobiaPhase 2NCT05968651

Social Safety Learning in the Brain Oxytocin System

A Phase 2 study of Social Phobia, run by University of Washington at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Social Phobia
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 121 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 26 Jun 2023to 30 Sep 2024
Phase: Phase 2
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 18 to 45 years
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Adult

Who may be able to join

For Clinical Sample
Men and women age 18-45
Women must be having regular menstrual cycles and not be taking oral contraception
Primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder
For Healthy Sample
Men and women age 18-45
Women must be having regular menstrual cycles and not be taking oral contraception
No current or lifetime history of psychiatric, neurological, or medical disorders

Who cannot join

For All Groups
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Positive urine drug screening test result
History of nasal pathology
Current use of any psychotropic medication or steroids
Active substance use disorder within the past 6 months

Show all 14Show fewer

History of serious medical illnesses or untreated endocrine diseases
History of head injury, neurological disorder, or neurosurgical procedure
Positive magnetic resonance (MR) screen
For Clinical Sample
Lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM- 5th ed)
Acute suicidal ideation
For Healthy Sample
Lifetime DSM-5 diagnosis of any medical, neurological, or psychiatric illness

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

University of Washington
Seattle, Washington, 98195

Other trials in United States

About this study

The investigators are conducting this research study to examine whether oxytocin enhances social safety learning (learning safety through the experience of another individual) in people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) compared to healthy volunteers. Oxytocin is a hormone that can also act as a chemical messenger in the brain. Oxytocin plays a role in a number of functions, including responding to fear and social interactions. In this study, the investigators would like to compare the effects of oxytocin and placebo nasal sprays in adults with SAD and healthy adults. This research study will compare an oxytocin nasal spray to a placebo nasal spray. About 120 people will take part in this research study, all at the University of Washington (UW).

Read the detailed description

The goal of the current study is to examine the potential role of oxytocin in enhancing social learning in SAD. The investigators' primary hypothesis is that vicarious extinction learning will contribute to safety learning and that oxytocin will potentiate vicarious extinction learning in patients with SAD, compared to healthy controls (HC). The investigators will directly test the effect of intranasal oxytocin and matching placebo on the brain mechanisms underlying vicarious extinction learning using a novel task. 60 adults with SAD and 60 healthy control participants will perform a task that involves three phases: (i) a standard social fear acquisition procedure while in a mock scanner, followed by (ii) a vicarious extinction and (iii) fear reinstatement test procedure, while being scanned during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants will receive oxytocin or placebo prior to the extinction phase. The investigators will also measure skin conductance responses as an index of learning in each phase.

Conditions: Social Phobia
Being tested: Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo
Keywords: Social Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Social Safety Learning, Intranasal Oxytocin
Medical subject headings: Phobia, Social

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Oxytocin nasal spray or placeboDrug
Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo

Study groups in NCT05968651
Study group	Role	What they receive
Clinical	Experimental	This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization). Receives: Drug: Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo
Controls	Placebo comparator	This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization). Receives: Drug: Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Measured: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

26 Jun 202330 Sep 2024

First posted1 Aug 2023
Study start26 Jun 2023
Primary completion30 Sep 2024
Study completion30 Sep 2024

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Other trials for Social PhobiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by University of WashingtonThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Double blind
Who is masked: Participant, Investigator
Enrolment: 121 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05968651
Sponsor's protocol ID: STUDY00013670
Status last verified: Mar 2026
First submitted: 10 Jul 2023
Last updated: 11 Jun 2026
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: Yes
FDA-regulated drug: Yes
FDA-regulated device: No

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Social Safety Learning in the Brain Oxytocin System
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05968651
Acronym / sponsor ID: STUDY00013670
Conditions: Social Phobia
Keywords: Social Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Social Safety Learning, Intranasal Oxytocin
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 121 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: University of WashingtonUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 26 Jun 2023 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
Study completion: 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
First posted: 1 Aug 2023 (actual)
Results: Posted 11 Jun 2026

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Double blind (participant, investigator)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Clinical	Experimental	Drug: Oxytocin nasal spray or placeboThis group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization).
Controls	Placebo comparator	Drug: Oxytocin nasal spray or placeboThis group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization).

Who may qualify

Ages: 18 to 45 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)

For Clinical Sample
Men and women age 18-45
Women must be having regular menstrual cycles and not be taking oral contraception
Primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder
For Healthy Sample

Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)

For All Groups
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Positive urine drug screening test result
History of nasal pathology
Current use of any psychotropic medication or steroids

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Oxytocin nasal spray or placeboSingle acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo	Drug	Clinical, Controls

Primary outcome

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement
Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.
Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase
Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug
Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 11 Jun 2026, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Clinical-Placebo	23	23
Clinical-Oxytocin	28	28
Controls-Placebo	29	28
Controls-Oxytocin	24	24

Primary outcome: Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: change in BOLD responses

Measure	Clinical-Placebo n = 23	Clinical-Oxytocin n = 28	Controls-Placebo n = 28	Controls-Oxytocin n = 24
Value	-0.30981097 (1.26938756)	0.30048434 (1.18240582)	-0.13914898 (1.37320224)	0.15823593 (1.17250848)

Population analysed: One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan.

Primary outcome: Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: change in BOLD responses

Measure	Clinical-Placebo n = 23	Clinical-Oxytocin n = 28	Controls-Placebo n = 28	Controls-Oxytocin n = 24
Value	-0.54355789 (1.335981511)	-0.43311088 (1.093056486)	-0.19255644 (1.431375519)	-0.76718325 (1.20337605)

Population analysed: One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan.

Primary outcome: Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: change in BOLD responses

Measure	Clinical-Placebo n = 23	Clinical-Oxytocin n = 28	Controls-Placebo n = 28	Controls-Oxytocin n = 24
Value	-0.07399244 (1.07281373)	0.063813396 (1.38005297)	0.156824376 (1.295934186)	0.279316489 (1.259501388)

Population analysed: One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan.

Primary outcome: Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: changes in BOLD responses

Measure	Clinical-Placebo n = 23	Clinical-Oxytocin n = 28	Controls-Placebo n = 28	Controls-Oxytocin n = 24
Value	-0.204600375 (1.285989133)	0.106625352 (1.27655833)	-0.306720406 (1.245533541)	-0.214274187 (1.6338638)

Population analysed: One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan.

Adverse events

Time frame: From drug administration through the end of the experimental session, an average of 2 hours. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Clinical-Placebo	0 of 23 (0%)	11 of 23 (47.8%)	0 of 23
Clinical-Oxytocin	0 of 28 (0%)	17 of 28 (60.7%)	0 of 28
Controls-Placebo	0 of 28 (0%)	16 of 28 (57.1%)	0 of 28
Controls-Oxytocin	0 of 24 (0%)	13 of 24 (54.2%)	0 of 24

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jun 2026.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Angela Fang, PhD principal investigator

University of Washington

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study of Social Phobia, run by University of Washington at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 11 Jun 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase (time frame: immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug). The study lists 36 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05968651.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jun 2026.