Child Sexual AbuseNCT05976867
Parent-focused Primary Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: An Effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Trial
A study testing Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual and Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart Parents in people with Child Sexual Abuse, run by New York University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of a parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention program (Smart Parents) delivered to parents enrolled in a parent education program (Parents as Teachers; PAT). The main questions the trial aims to answer are: 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Child Sexual Abuse
- What is being tested?
- Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual and Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart Parents
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 400 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 7 Nov 2024to 31 Jul 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- One parent per household that is currently enrolled in PAT qualified to receive bi-weekly visits;
- English or Spanish speaking;
- Has at least one child at home over 12-mo;
- Only newly enrolled parents (i.e., parents who have not received more than 3 of the PAT foundational sessions).
Who cannot join
- Not currently enrolled in PAT;
- Not English or Spanish speaking;
- Does not have a child over 12-mo old;
- Previously enrolled in PAT (i.e., parents who have received more than 3 of the PAT foundational sessions)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
New York University, School of Global Public Health
New York, New York, 10003
Kate Guastaferro, PhD MPH, 212-992-9032, smartparentsstudy@nyu.edu
About this study
The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of a parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention program (Smart Parents) delivered to parents enrolled in a parent education program (Parents as Teachers; PAT). The main questions the trial aims to answer are:
- Does PAT + Smart Parents improve parents' CSA-related awareness and protective behaviors compared to PAT as usual?
- Are potential gains maintained 12- and 24-months post intervention?
- What parent-, provider-, and organizational-level factors hold promise for future dissemination and implementation efforts?
Read the detailed description
To expand the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of Smart Parents and to explore the implementation factors that might promote or hinder adoption, fidelity, and scalability, the proposed study uses a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design. Designed to efficiently bridge the research to practice gap, the type 2 hybrid design tests the effectiveness of an intervention while concurrently exploring the viability of an explicit implementation strategy in a real world setting. To determine effectiveness (Aims 1 \& 2), the investigators will conduct a pragmatic, quasi-experimental, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT; N = 400) of CSA-related awareness (i.e., knowledge and attitudes about CSA and CSA prevention) and intention to use CSA protective behaviors for parents receiving Smart Parents when added to PAT (PAT+Smart Parents) compared to parents receiving PAT treatment as usual (PAT-TAU; Aim 1). The investigators will follow-up participating parents in both conditions at 12- and 24-months to determine retention of awareness (i.e., knowledge and attitudes) and actual use of protective behaviors (Aim 2).
A variation of a crossover experimental design, the SW-CRT is a pragmatic experimental design wherein randomized clusters sequentially transition from control to intervention until all clusters are exposed to the intervention. Once introduced to a cluster, the intervention is never removed. Facilitated by PAT National, 25 PAT sites will be recruited at the start of the study period. Sites will then be randomized into 1 of 5 clustered sequences (or steps) each containing 5 sites (or clusters). At the time on randomization, providers at all sites will begin recruiting eligible parents for participation in research and parents will begin the data collection protocols. At the point of the wedge, sites will be trained to deliver Smart Parents and will transition from control (PAT+TAU) to intervention (PAT+Smart Parents) conditions, the timing of which will be determined by the randomized step assignment.
- Conditions
- Child Sexual Abuse
- Being tested
- Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual, Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart Parents
- Keywords
- primary prevention, child sexual abuse, implementation science
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usualBehavioural
Parents as Teachers parent-education program as designed. Delivered in the home to parents of children under 5. Parents begin with the foundational curriculum (mostly taught within the first six sessions) focused on healthy child development, parenting behaviors including parent-child interactions and communication, and creating a safe home environment in terms of avoiding accidents and injuries. After the foundational curriculum, additional sessions are delivered based on the continued needs of the family until the child ages out or the parent discontinues services. PAT uses development-centered parenting, family well-being, and community connections to reinforce this foundational curriculum.
Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart ParentsBehavioural
Added session to PAT following foundational visit 6. Smart Parents is comprised of 3 CSA specific prevention components: (1) healthy child sexual development, (2) communication about sexual concepts and sexual behaviors, and (3) safety strategies (including online safety.
Delivered in one session (~60 min). Parents return to PAT as usual following this session.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| PAT + Smart Parents | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive the additional Smart Parents module, added to Parents as Teachers (PAT) in which they are already enrolled. This is the experimental condition. Receives: Behavioral: Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart Parents |
| PAT as usual | Active comparator | Participants in this arm will continue to receive Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual. This is the treatment as usual condition (comparison). Receives: Behavioral: Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Measured: Baseline (T0)
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Measured: Up to 4 months (Post Session 6) (T1)
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Measured: 12-month assessment (T2)
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Measured: 24-month assessment (T3)
Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview
The Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview (PUBSI) is a project created semi-structured behavioral interview deeply assess the use of behavior strategies at four levels: (1) community-level intentions, awareness, and behaviors; (2) personal environment; (3) personal actions/behaviors; and (4) personal behaviors. In addition to parents' reports of behaviors across the four levels, parents rate (on a scale of 1 to 5) their confidence in their ability to engage in each behavior as well as as their success in communicating with others about the various CSA related topics assessed.
Measured: 12-month assessment (T2)
Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview
The Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview (PUBSI) is a project created semi-structured behavioral interview deeply assess the use of behavior strategies at four levels: (1) community-level intentions, awareness, and behaviors; (2) personal environment; (3) personal actions/behaviors; and (4) personal behaviors. In addition to parents' reports of behaviors across the four levels, parents rate (on a scale of 1 to 5) their confidence in their ability to engage in each behavior as well as as their success in communicating with others about the various CSA related topics assessed.
Measured: 24-month assessment (T3)
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Measured: Baseline (T0)
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Measured: Up to 4 months (Post Session 6) (T1)
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Measured: 12-month assessment (T2)
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Measured: 24-month assessment (T3)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Aug 2023
- Study start7 Nov 2024
- Primary completion1 Apr 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jul 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Child Sexual AbuseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by New York UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- New York University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05976867
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R01HD108209
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 6 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 11 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Parent-focused Primary Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: An Effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05976867
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R01HD108209
- Conditions
- Child Sexual Abuse
- Keywords
- primary prevention, child sexual abuse, implementation science
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- New York UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 4 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of a parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention program (Smart Parents) delivered to parents enrolled in a parent education program (Parents as Teachers; PAT). The main questions the trial aims to answer are:
- Does PAT + Smart Parents improve parents' CSA-related awareness and protective behaviors compared to PAT as usual?
- Are potential gains maintained 12- and 24-months post intervention?
- What parent-, provider-, and organizational-level factors hold promise for future dissemination and implementation efforts?
Detailed description
To expand the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of Smart Parents and to explore the implementation factors that might promote or hinder adoption, fidelity, and scalability, the proposed study uses a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design. Designed to efficiently bridge the research to practice gap, the type 2 hybrid design tests the effectiveness of an intervention while concurrently exploring the viability of an explicit implementation strategy in a real world setting. To determine effectiveness (Aims 1 \& 2), the investigators will conduct a pragmatic, quasi-experimental, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT; N = 400) of CSA-related awareness (i.e., knowledge and attitudes about CSA and CSA prevention) and intention to use CSA protective behaviors for parents receiving Smart Parents when added to PAT (PAT+Smart Parents) compared to parents receiving PAT treatment as usual (PAT-TAU; Aim 1). The investigators will follow-up participating parents in both conditions at 12- and 24-months to determine retention of awareness (i.e., knowledge and attitudes) and actual use of protective behaviors (Aim 2).
A variation of a crossover experimental design, the SW-CRT is a pragmatic experimental design wherein randomized clusters sequentially transition from control to intervention until all clusters are exposed to the intervention. Once introduced to a cluster, the intervention is never removed. Facilitated by PAT National, 25 PAT sites will be recruited at the start of the study period. Sites will then be randomized into 1 of 5 clustered sequences (or steps) each containing 5 sites (or clusters). At the time on randomization, providers at all sites will begin recruiting eligible parents for participation in research and parents will begin the data collection protocols. At the point of the wedge, sites will be trained to deliver Smart Parents and will transition from control (PAT+TAU) to intervention (PAT+Smart Parents) conditions, the timing of which will be determined by the randomized step assignment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| PAT + Smart Parents | Experimental | Behavioral: Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart ParentsParticipants in this arm will receive the additional Smart Parents module, added to Parents as Teachers (PAT) in which they are already enrolled. This is the experimental condition. |
| PAT as usual | Active comparator | Behavioral: Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usualParticipants in this arm will continue to receive Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual. This is the treatment as usual condition (comparison). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- One parent per household that is currently enrolled in PAT qualified to receive bi-weekly visits;
- English or Spanish speaking;
- Has at least one child at home over 12-mo;
- Only newly enrolled parents (i.e., parents who have not received more than 3 of the PAT foundational sessions).
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Not currently enrolled in PAT;
- Not English or Spanish speaking;
- Does not have a child over 12-mo old;
- Previously enrolled in PAT (i.e., parents who have received more than 3 of the PAT foundational sessions)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usualParents as Teachers parent-education program as designed. Delivered in the home to parents of children under 5. Parents begin with the foundational curriculum (mostly taught within the first six sessions) focused on healthy child development, parenting behaviors including parent-child interactions and communication, and creating a safe home environment in terms of avoiding accidents and injuries. After the foundational curriculum, additional sessions are delivered based on the continued needs of the family until the child ages out or the parent discontinues services. PAT uses development-centered parenting, family well-being, and community connections to reinforce this foundational curriculum. | Behavioural | PAT as usual |
| Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart ParentsAdded session to PAT following foundational visit 6. Smart Parents is comprised of 3 CSA specific prevention components: (1) healthy child sexual development, (2) communication about sexual concepts and sexual behaviors, and (3) safety strategies (including online safety. Delivered in one session (~60 min). Parents return to PAT as usual following this session. | Behavioural | PAT + Smart Parents |
Primary outcome
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
Time frame: Baseline (T0)
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
Time frame: Up to 4 months (Post Session 6) (T1)
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
Time frame: 12-month assessment (T2)
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge
Time frame: 24-month assessment (T3)
The Assessment of SmartParents Knowledge will be used to evaluate (a) CSA knowledge, norms, and attitudes (e.g., items regarding the degree to which parents endorsed accurate facts about CSA, the role of a parent in CSA prevention, and what is appropriate to discuss with children), and (b) intention to use CSA prevention related behaviors (e.g., items regarding identifying signs of CSA, talking to children and other adults about CSA prevention, and knowing how to respond appropriately if CSA is suspected).
Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview
Time frame: 12-month assessment (T2)
The Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview (PUBSI) is a project created semi-structured behavioral interview deeply assess the use of behavior strategies at four levels: (1) community-level intentions, awareness, and behaviors; (2) personal environment; (3) personal actions/behaviors; and (4) personal behaviors. In addition to parents' reports of behaviors across the four levels, parents rate (on a scale of 1 to 5) their confidence in their ability to engage in each behavior as well as as their success in communicating with others about the various CSA related topics assessed.
Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview
Time frame: 24-month assessment (T3)
The Parental Use of Behavioral Strategies Interview (PUBSI) is a project created semi-structured behavioral interview deeply assess the use of behavior strategies at four levels: (1) community-level intentions, awareness, and behaviors; (2) personal environment; (3) personal actions/behaviors; and (4) personal behaviors. In addition to parents' reports of behaviors across the four levels, parents rate (on a scale of 1 to 5) their confidence in their ability to engage in each behavior as well as as their success in communicating with others about the various CSA related topics assessed.
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline (T0)
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
Time frame: Up to 4 months (Post Session 6) (T1)
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
Time frame: 12-month assessment (T2)
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Preventive Behaviors Questionnaire
Time frame: 24-month assessment (T3)
A 10-item instrument designed to assess the frequency with which parents perform protective behaviors within the past month (e.g., "Told my child never to keep secrets about touching" or "Talked to my relatives about my child's personal safety rules."). This quantitative assessment of behaviors will complement the PUBSI.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Partner
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Parents as Teachers (PAT) as usual and Parents as Teachers (PAT) + Smart Parents in people with Child Sexual Abuse, run by New York University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Kate Guastaferro, PhD, MPH (2129929032, kate.guastaferro@nyu.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Assessment of Sexual Abuse Knowledge (time frame: Baseline (T0)). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jun 2025.