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DepressionNCT05977439

RECOVERS - Realigning Emotion and COgnition Via prEcision Regulation networkS

A study testing Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in people with Depression and Major Depressive Disorder, run by Medical University of South Carolina at 1 site in United States.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

In this research study, investigators examine how brain activity changes during tests of emotional processing, attention, and memory using multimodal neuroimaging methods including electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
120 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
1 Feb 2024to 1 Oct 2028
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 65 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age 18-65 years
  • Medically and psychiatrically healthy with no history of psychiatric or neurological disorders
  • English-speaking
  • Capacity to provide informed consent
  • Willingness and ability to complete study procedures
  • Negative pregnancy test for participants of childbearing potential
Show all 14Show fewer
  • Age 18-65 years
  • Current diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
  • Depression severity consistent with study criteria (e.g., HAM-D ≥17)
  • No history of psychotic or bipolar disorders
  • English-speaking
  • Capacity to provide informed consent
  • Willingness and ability to complete study procedures
  • Negative pregnancy test for participants of childbearing potential

Who cannot join

  • Any current or past psychiatric diagnosis
  • Neurological disorders or history of central nervous system disease
  • History of seizure or epilepsy or use of medications that lower seizure threshold
  • Significant head injury or loss of consciousness
  • Implanted metal or contraindications to MRI or TMS
  • Substance use disorder (excluding nicotine or caffeine)
Show all 17Show fewer
  • Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during study participation
  • Inability to complete study procedures
  • Studies 2, 3, and 4 (Participants With Depression)
  • Neurological disorders or history of central nervous system disease
  • History of seizure or epilepsy or use of medications that lower seizure threshold
  • Significant head injury or loss of consciousness
  • Implanted metal or contraindications to MRI or TMS
  • Substance use disorder (excluding nicotine or caffeine)
  • Current participation in another interventional clinical trial
  • Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant during study participation
  • Any condition that would interfere with safe participation or completion of study procedures

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Lisa McTeague, PhD contact

843-792-8274

MCTEAGUE@MUSC.EDU

Jayce Doose contact

recovers@musc.edu

United States1 site, 1 recruiting
  • Medical Univeristy of South Carolina

    Charleston, South Carolina, 29425

    Lisa M McTeague, PhD, 843-792-8274, mcteague@musc.edu

    Christina Marsicano, chm275@musc.edu

    Recruiting

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: A Multiphase Program of Multimodal Computational Modeling and Hybrid Interventions Including EEG-Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

In this research study, investigators examine how brain activity changes during tests of emotional processing, attention, and memory using multimodal neuroimaging methods including electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to probe and modulate brain networks related to cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation.

The study includes multiple related sub-studies involving healthy participants and participants with depression. Some study components focus on mechanistic modeling using non-therapeutic neurostimulation in healthy participants, while other components include interventional approaches such as individualized EEG-synchronized repetitive TMS (rTMS), cognitive tasks, and brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in participants with depression. Certain study components also evaluate CBT alone without TMS to assess behavioral intervention effects.

Read the detailed description

Investigators aim to characterize and modulate brain networks underlying cognitive flexibility (CF) and emotion regulation (ER) using a multimodal, precision neuroscience approach. The central hypothesis is that functional coupling within CF and ER networks is indexed by the phase of the brain's alpha oscillations, and that targeted modulation of these networks through individualized neurostimulation can induce neuroplastic changes associated with improved clinical outcomes in depression and suicidality.

To test this hypothesis, investigators utilize a novel integrated system that enables simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to identify individualized stimulation parameters associated with optimal network coupling. A complementary system using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), EEG, and TMS is also used to extend these findings in a more scalable and accessible format.

This protocol includes multiple related sub-studies (Studies 1-4) conducted under a single IRB approval. These sub-studies are parallel investigations with differing populations and interventions and are not randomized arms of a single trial.

Study 1 is a proof-of-principle mechanistic study conducted in healthy adult participants. In this study, single-pulse TMS is delivered during EEG and neuroimaging sessions as a non-therapeutic probe to assess cortical excitability and functional connectivity during cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation tasks.

Study 2 is a proof-of-principle interventional study in participants with depression. It incorporates individualized, EEG-synchronized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) designed to entrain neural oscillatory dynamics within CF and ER networks. Participants may receive rTMS alone or in combination with cognitive tasks and brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with the goal of enhancing neuroplasticity and improving clinical symptoms.

Study 3 builds upon Study 2 and includes similar EEG-synchronized rTMS and CBT-based interventions in participants with depression, with ongoing refinements to stimulation parameters, task paradigms, and treatment delivery. This study further evaluates the reproducibility and effectiveness of individualized neurostimulation approaches.

Study 4 includes participants with depression who receive a course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) along with MRI and behavioral assessments, without the use of TMS or EEG-based neurostimulation. This study allows for evaluation of behavioral intervention effects independent of neurostimulation.

Across interventional studies, rTMS may be delivered alone or in combination with cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation tasks or paired with CBT to promote synergistic effects on network engagement and neuroplasticity. These approaches are designed to test whether targeted modulation of CF and ER networks produces measurable changes in behavior, brain function, and clinical outcomes.

Participants in interventional studies may also complete ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys via mobile devices to monitor mood, stress, and safety in real time. These data may be used to capture dynamic changes in symptoms and may trigger predefined safety protocols and clinical follow-up when indicated.

Outcome measures across studies include changes in clinical symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation), behavioral performance on cognitive tasks, and neuroimaging-based measures of network connectivity and synchronization.

Being tested
Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation Tasks
Keywords
transcranial magnetic stimulation, EEG-synchronized rTMS, closed-loop neurostimulation, depression, suicide prevention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), neuroplasticity
Medical subject headings
Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Prevention

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic StimulationDevice

    Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered during EEG or neuroimaging sessions for non-therapeutic mapping of cortical excitability and functional connectivity.

  • EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)Device

    Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered using individualized, EEG-derived stimulation parameters designed to synchronize stimulation timing with participants' alpha oscillatory phase. This closed-loop approach is intended to modulate neural networks underlying cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation. Stimulation may be delivered in accelerated sessions across multiple days.

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)Behavioural

    A structured, brief cognitive behavioral therapy program targeting depression and related symptoms, including cognitive restructuring, emotion regulation, and coping skill development, delivered in an accelerated format during the study period.

  • Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation TasksBehavioural

    Behavioral tasks designed to engage and assess cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation processes, performed during or adjacent to neurostimulation sessions or as part of study assessments.

Study groups in NCT05977439
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Healthy Participants (Study 1)ExperimentalHealthy adult participants with no history of psychiatric or neurological illness who undergo mechanistic and modeling procedures, including multimodal neuroimaging, behavioral cognitive tasks, and nontherapeutic neurostimulation, to characterize brain networks underlying cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation.
Receives: Device: Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Behavioral: Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation Tasks
Depressed Participants - EEG-Synchronized rTMS (Studies 2 and 3)ExperimentalParticipants with major depressive disorder who receive individualized, EEG-synchronized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), delivered alone or in combination with cognitive tasks and/or brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to modulate neural networks underlying cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation.
Receives: Device: Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Device: EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS); Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Behavioral: Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation Tasks
Depressed Participants - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Only (Study 4)ExperimentalParticipants with major depressive disorder who receive a course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) along with MRI and behavioral assessments, without transcranial magnetic stimulation or EEG-based neurostimulation. This group allows evaluation of behavioral intervention effects independent of neurostimulation.
Receives: Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Behavioral: Cognitive Flexibility and Emotion Regulation Tasks

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Score

    hange in clinician-rated depression severity measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Scores range from 0 to 52; higher scores indicate more severe depression.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  2. Change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Score

    Change in self-reported depression severity measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Scores range from 0 to 27; higher scores indicate more severe depression.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  3. Change in Suicide Cognitions (Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale [B-SCS])

    Change in suicide-related cognitions measured using the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (B-SCS). Higher scores indicate greater severity of maladaptive suicide-related cognitions.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

Secondary outcomes (7)
  1. Change in Reaction Time During Cognitive Flexibility Tasks

    Change in reaction time (milliseconds) during cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation tasks under congruent and incongruent conditions.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  2. Change in Accuracy on Cognitive Flexibility Tasks

    Change in task accuracy (percentage correct responses) during cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation tasks.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  3. Change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Score

    Change in anxiety severity measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  4. Change in EEG Alpha Phase Synchronization

    Change in EEG alpha phase synchronization measured as phase-locking value (PLV) during cognitive task performance and neurostimulation sessions.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  5. Change in Functional Connectivity Strength (fMRI)

    Change in functional connectivity within cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation networks measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), quantified as correlation coefficients between predefined brain regions.

    Measured: Baseline to Day 7

  6. Proportion of Participants With ≥50% Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Score

    Clinical response defined as a ≥50% change from baseline in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score.

    Measured: Day 28

  7. Proportion of Participants With ≥50% Change in Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (B-SCS) Score

    Clinical response defined as a ≥50% change from baseline in Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (B-SCS) score.

    Measured: Day 28.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted4 Aug 2023
  2. Study start1 Feb 2024
  3. Primary completion1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion1 Oct 2028 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Groups described in this record correspond to cohorts within multiple related sub-studies and are not randomized arms of a single trial.
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
120 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05977439
Sponsor's protocol ID
00129566
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
29 Jun 2023
Last updated
21 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, EEG-Synchronized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in people with Depression and Major Depressive Disorder, run by Medical University of South Carolina at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Lisa McTeague, PhD (843-792-8274, MCTEAGUE@MUSC.EDU), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Score (time frame: Baseline to Day 7). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Jul 2026.

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