Pleural EffusionPhase 4NCT05984264
Efficacy of Topical Lidocaine/Prilocaine in Pain Management in Pleurocentesis
A Phase 4 study testing lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis. in people with Pleural Effusion, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
The research aims to compare the efficacy of topical Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) and the standardized local lidocaine infiltration in pain management before pleurocentesis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Pleural Effusion
- What is being tested?
- lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 118 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2023to Dec 2023
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All Patients will be prepared for pleurocentesis.
Who cannot join
- Patients with a known history of sensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type or to any other component of the product.
- Patients treated with class III anti-arrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone, bretylium, sotalol, dofetilide).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Egypt1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Assuit University Hospital
Asyut, Assiut university 71515
Safaa A Eid, MD, 01002569966, safaa_gayed@aun.edu.eg
About this study
The research aims to compare the efficacy of topical Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) and the standardized local lidocaine infiltration in pain management before pleurocentesis.
Read the detailed description
Acute pain management is a core ethical concept in medical practice. During pleurocentesis, the standardized pain management is with 1% lidocaine with a 25 gauge needle for skin and a smaller gauge needle for deeper tissue. As the anesthetic injection is painful in and of itself, during these two procedures, pain management can sometimes fall short due to a lack of education and incorrect personal opinions. One example is "one needle insertion can cause less pain than two-needle insertions". Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative method that is painless and reduces procedural pain, which does not require expertise to administer. This is particularly important in centers with a high volume of patients and a lack of expert medical staff.
Another option for administering a local anesthesia is using a topical anesthetic. Generally, these are easily applied, tolerated better by patients, and have minimal systemic absorption resulting in fewer side effects6. A topical anesthetic can be a substitute for infiltrative lidocaine (IL) if it can be effective in reducing pain. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) is an example of a topical anesthetic, which was introduced in 1980 for dermabrasion and minor surgery.
Previous research findings had noted the efficacy of LPC compared to IL in trans-radial catheterization, perineal tears following vaginal delivery, and some pediatric procedures like lumbar punctures and venipunctures. Additionally, LPC can be substituted for infiltrative prilocaine in pediatric femoral catheterization.
Hanieh Halili et al, found a significant difference between the LPC and IL groups in terms of patient pain or satisfaction levels, but their study was on a small sample size and they recommended further studies.
- Conditions
- Pleural Effusion
- Being tested
- lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.
- Medical subject headings
- Pleural Effusion
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.Drug
Also called Pridocaine cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.
Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) will be applied at least 30 min before the pleurocentesis on the skin overlying the chosen aspiration site using ultrasound under occlusive dressing over a 5 × 5 cm area. The time interval between topical Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) application and pleural aspiration will be 30 min, and 45 min.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pridocaine cream | Experimental | Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) will be applied at least 30 min before the pleurocentesis on the skin overlying the chosen aspiration site using ultrasound under occlusive dressing over a 5 × 5 cm area. Receives: Drug: lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis. |
| Standardized local lidocaine infiltration | Active comparator | Anesthetize the skin over the insertion site with 1% lidocaine using the 5 ml syringe with a 25 or 27-gauge needle. Next, anesthetize the superior surface of the rib and the pleura. The needle is inserted over the top of the rib (superior margin) to avoid the intercostal nerves and blood vessels that run on the underside of the rib (the intercostal nerve and the blood supply are located near the inferior margin). As the needle is inserted, aspirate back on the syringe to check for pleural fluid. Once fluid returns, note the depth of the needle and mark it with a hemostat. This gives an approximate depth for the insertion of the thoracentesis needle. Remove the anesthetizing needle. Receives: Drug: lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The severity of pain will be assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS).
The severity of pain will be assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS consists of a 10cm line, with two endpoints representing 0 ('no pain') and 10 ('pain as bad as it could be'). Ask the patient to rate their current level of pain by placing a mark on the line. Use a ruler to measure the distance in centimeters from the 'no pain marker' (or zero) to the current pain mark. This provides a pain intensity score out of 10; for example, 6 out of 10 (or 6/10).
Measured: one day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Aug 2023
- Study start1 Jan 2023
- Primary completionSep 2023 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pleural EffusionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assiut UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 118 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Safaa Abd El-gayed Eid, Assiut University
- Investigators
- Safaa A Eid, MD, Principal investigator, Assiut University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05984264
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BBBAAS
- Status last verified
- Aug 2023
- First submitted
- 2 Aug 2023
- Last updated
- 9 Aug 2023
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Akbar N, Teo SP, Artini Hj-Abdul-Rahman HN, Hj-Husaini HA, Venkatasalu MR. Barriers and Solutions for Improving Pain Management Practices in Acute Hospital Settings: Perspectives of Healthcare Practitioners for a Pain-Free Hospital Initiative. Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2019 Dec;23(4):190-196. doi: 10.4235/agmr.19.0037. Epub 2019 Dec 23.
PubMed 32743311Patel BK, Wendlandt BN, Wolfe KS, Patel SB, Doman ER, Pohlman AS, Hall JB, Kress JP. Comparison of Two Lidocaine Administration Techniques on Perceived Pain From Bedside Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chest. 2018 Oct;154(4):773-780. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
PubMed 29698720Story M. One Needle is Better Than Two: The Philosophy Surrounding Use of Local Anesthesia in Northern India. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2017 Jun;31(2):162-164. doi: 10.1080/15360288.2017.1298687. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
PubMed 28346035Halili H, Azizkhani R, Tavakoli Garmaseh S, Jafarpisheh MS, Heydari F, Masoumi B, Maghami Mehr A. Comparing the Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and Infiltrative Lidocaine on Overall Pain Perception During Thoracentesis and Abdominocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2020 Nov 18;11(1):e106275. doi: 10.5812/aapm.106275. eCollection 2021 Feb.
PubMed 34249663You P, Yuan R, Chen C. Design and evaluation of lidocaine- and prilocaine-coloaded nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for topical anesthetic analgesic therapy: a comparison between solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 18;11:2743-2752. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S141031. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 29075099Latsios G, Toutouzas K, Antonopoulos AS, Melidi E, Synetos A, Vogiatzi G, Stasinopoulou A, Tsioufis K, Tsiamis E, Tousoulis D. Anesthetic ointment only (lidocaine/prilocaine) instead of injectable local lidocaine in trans-radial catheterization: A viable no-needle alternative. J Interv Cardiol. 2017 Aug;30(4):382-386. doi: 10.1111/joic.12399. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
PubMed 28653424Abbas AM, Abdel Hafiz HA, Abdelhafez AM, Michael A, Ismail AM. Topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus lidocaine infiltration for pain relief during repair of perineal tears after vaginal delivery: randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jul;32(13):2182-2187. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1428304. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
PubMed 29334290Cruickshank A, Qeadan F, Kuttesch JF, Agarwal HS. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine versus 1% lidocaine injection for lumbar punctures in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 Nov;66(11):e27957. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27957. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
PubMed 31423750Pirat A, Karaaslan P, Candan S, Zeyneloglu P, Varan B, Tokel K, Torgay A, Arslan G. Topical EMLA cream versus prilocaine infiltration for pediatric cardiac catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Oct;19(5):642-5. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2004.10.007.
PubMed 16202900Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
PubMed 17695343Qureshi AI, Saleem MA, Naseem N, Aytac E, Akpinar CK, Wallery SS. Effectiveness of Topical Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream for Pain Control During Femoral Artery Catheterization in Adult Patients: A Prospective Study. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2018 Jun;10(1):60-64.
PubMed 29922408Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jan;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S17-24. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x. Epub 2005 Dec 1.
PubMed 16320034Tihan D, Totoz T, Tokocin M, Ercan G, Koc Calikoglu T, Vartanoglu T, Celebi F, Dandin O, Kafa IM. Efficacy of laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2016 Jan 14;16(2):139-44. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.841.
PubMed 26773187
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Aug 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Topical Lidocaine/Prilocaine in Pain Management in Pleurocentesis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05984264
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BBBAAS
- Conditions
- Pleural Effusion
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 118 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The research aims to compare the efficacy of topical Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) and the standardized local lidocaine infiltration in pain management before pleurocentesis.
Detailed description
Acute pain management is a core ethical concept in medical practice. During pleurocentesis, the standardized pain management is with 1% lidocaine with a 25 gauge needle for skin and a smaller gauge needle for deeper tissue. As the anesthetic injection is painful in and of itself, during these two procedures, pain management can sometimes fall short due to a lack of education and incorrect personal opinions. One example is "one needle insertion can cause less pain than two-needle insertions". Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative method that is painless and reduces procedural pain, which does not require expertise to administer. This is particularly important in centers with a high volume of patients and a lack of expert medical staff.
Another option for administering a local anesthesia is using a topical anesthetic. Generally, these are easily applied, tolerated better by patients, and have minimal systemic absorption resulting in fewer side effects6. A topical anesthetic can be a substitute for infiltrative lidocaine (IL) if it can be effective in reducing pain. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) is an example of a topical anesthetic, which was introduced in 1980 for dermabrasion and minor surgery.
Previous research findings had noted the efficacy of LPC compared to IL in trans-radial catheterization, perineal tears following vaginal delivery, and some pediatric procedures like lumbar punctures and venipunctures. Additionally, LPC can be substituted for infiltrative prilocaine in pediatric femoral catheterization.
Hanieh Halili et al, found a significant difference between the LPC and IL groups in terms of patient pain or satisfaction levels, but their study was on a small sample size and they recommended further studies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pridocaine cream | Experimental | Drug: lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) will be applied at least 30 min before the pleurocentesis on the skin overlying the chosen aspiration site using ultrasound under occlusive dressing over a 5 × 5 cm area. |
| Standardized local lidocaine infiltration | Active comparator | Drug: lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.Anesthetize the skin over the insertion site with 1% lidocaine using the 5 ml syringe with a 25 or 27-gauge needle. Next, anesthetize the superior surface of the rib and the pleura. The needle is inserted over the top of the rib (superior margin) to avoid the intercostal nerves and blood vessels that run on the underside of the rib (the intercostal nerve and the blood supply are located near the inferior margin). As the needle is inserted, aspirate back on the syringe to check for pleural fluid. Once fluid returns, note the depth of the needle and mark it with a hemostat. This gives an approximate depth for the insertion of the thoracentesis needle. Remove the anesthetizing needle. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All Patients will be prepared for pleurocentesis.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients with a known history of sensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type or to any other component of the product.
- Patients treated with class III anti-arrhythmic drugs (e.g., amiodarone, bretylium, sotalol, dofetilide).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.Also: Pridocaine cream in pain management before pleurocentesis.Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) will be applied at least 30 min before the pleurocentesis on the skin overlying the chosen aspiration site using ultrasound under occlusive dressing over a 5 × 5 cm area. The time interval between topical Pridocaine cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) application and pleural aspiration will be 30 min, and 45 min. | Drug | Pridocaine cream, Standardized local lidocaine infiltration |
Primary outcome
The severity of pain will be assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS).
Time frame: one day
The severity of pain will be assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS consists of a 10cm line, with two endpoints representing 0 ('no pain') and 10 ('pain as bad as it could be'). Ask the patient to rate their current level of pain by placing a mark on the line. Use a ruler to measure the distance in centimeters from the 'no pain marker' (or zero) to the current pain mark. This provides a pain intensity score out of 10; for example, 6 out of 10 (or 6/10).
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Aug 2023.
- Background: PubMed 32743311Akbar N, Teo SP, Artini Hj-Abdul-Rahman HN, Hj-Husaini HA, Venkatasalu MR. Barriers and Solutions for Improving Pain Management Practices in Acute Hospital Settings: Perspectives of Healthcare Practitioners for a Pain-Free Hospital Initiative. Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2019 Dec;23(4):190-196. doi: 10.4235/agmr.19.0037. Epub 2019 Dec 23.
- Background: PubMed 29698720Patel BK, Wendlandt BN, Wolfe KS, Patel SB, Doman ER, Pohlman AS, Hall JB, Kress JP. Comparison of Two Lidocaine Administration Techniques on Perceived Pain From Bedside Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chest. 2018 Oct;154(4):773-780. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
- Background: PubMed 28346035Story M. One Needle is Better Than Two: The Philosophy Surrounding Use of Local Anesthesia in Northern India. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2017 Jun;31(2):162-164. doi: 10.1080/15360288.2017.1298687. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
- Background: PubMed 34249663Halili H, Azizkhani R, Tavakoli Garmaseh S, Jafarpisheh MS, Heydari F, Masoumi B, Maghami Mehr A. Comparing the Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and Infiltrative Lidocaine on Overall Pain Perception During Thoracentesis and Abdominocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2020 Nov 18;11(1):e106275. doi: 10.5812/aapm.106275. eCollection 2021 Feb.
- Background: PubMed 29075099You P, Yuan R, Chen C. Design and evaluation of lidocaine- and prilocaine-coloaded nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for topical anesthetic analgesic therapy: a comparison between solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 18;11:2743-2752. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S141031. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 28653424Latsios G, Toutouzas K, Antonopoulos AS, Melidi E, Synetos A, Vogiatzi G, Stasinopoulou A, Tsioufis K, Tsiamis E, Tousoulis D. Anesthetic ointment only (lidocaine/prilocaine) instead of injectable local lidocaine in trans-radial catheterization: A viable no-needle alternative. J Interv Cardiol. 2017 Aug;30(4):382-386. doi: 10.1111/joic.12399. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
- Background: PubMed 29334290Abbas AM, Abdel Hafiz HA, Abdelhafez AM, Michael A, Ismail AM. Topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus lidocaine infiltration for pain relief during repair of perineal tears after vaginal delivery: randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jul;32(13):2182-2187. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1428304. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
- Background: PubMed 31423750Cruickshank A, Qeadan F, Kuttesch JF, Agarwal HS. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine versus 1% lidocaine injection for lumbar punctures in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 Nov;66(11):e27957. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27957. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
- Background: PubMed 16202900Pirat A, Karaaslan P, Candan S, Zeyneloglu P, Varan B, Tokel K, Torgay A, Arslan G. Topical EMLA cream versus prilocaine infiltration for pediatric cardiac catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Oct;19(5):642-5. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2004.10.007.
- Background: PubMed 17695343Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
- Background: PubMed 29922408Qureshi AI, Saleem MA, Naseem N, Aytac E, Akpinar CK, Wallery SS. Effectiveness of Topical Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream for Pain Control During Femoral Artery Catheterization in Adult Patients: A Prospective Study. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2018 Jun;10(1):60-64.
- Background: PubMed 16320034Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jan;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S17-24. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x. Epub 2005 Dec 1.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Safaa A Eid, MD principal investigator
Assiut University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% cream in pain management before pleurocentesis. in people with Pleural Effusion, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Safaa A Eid, MD (01002569966, safaa_gayed@aun.edu.eg), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The severity of pain will be assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). (time frame: one day). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05984264, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Aug 2023.