StrokeNCT05985603

Comparison of Mirror Therapy and Modified Constrain Induced Movement Therapy on Risk of Fall, Balance and Gait in Stroke

A study testing CIMT Group and Mirror Therapy group in people with Stroke, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

There will be a difference between modified constraint induced movement therapy and Mirror Therapy on lower limb for risk of fall, balance and gait in stroke patients. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 21 to 70 years
Conditions the study is for: Stroke
What is being tested?: CIMT Group and Mirror Therapy group
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 36 participants
Where: 1 sitePakistan
Study dates: 1 Apr 2023to 15 Feb 2024
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 21 to 70 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

A Hemiplegia due to unilateral stroke
Sub-acute and chronic stroke
Stroke survivors between 21 and 70 years old will be recruited
Both genders
NIH Stroke scale below 20
Mini-Mental State Examination above 24
Function in Sitting Test (FIST) above 42/56

Who cannot join

Patients with depression who will be unable to cooperate during treatment
Patients who cannot perform the active movement of limb due to prestroke muscoskeletal problems
Cardiopulmonary diseases which could hinder their ability to participate in rehabilitation
Spasticity of Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) II or higher
Patients with Any neuron disease and Patients with lower-limb impairment caused by other neurological diseases or inability to comply with study protocol will be excluded.
Visual and auditory abnormalities

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Pakistan1 site

Helping Hand Institute Of rehabilitation sciences
Mansehra, KPK, 21300

Other trials in Pakistan

About this study

There will be a difference between modified constraint induced movement therapy and Mirror Therapy on lower limb for risk of fall, balance and gait in stroke patients.

Conditions: Stroke
Being tested: CIMT Group, Mirror Therapy group
Keywords: CIMT, Mirror Therapy
Medical subject headings: Stroke

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

CIMT GroupOther
In this group of patients CIMT technique will be used for treatment
Mirror Therapy groupOther
patient will perform movements in semi-reclined and sitting positions with the mirror placed between the two lower extremities.

Study groups in NCT05985603
Study group	Role	What they receive
CIMT Group	Experimental	In this group of patients CIMT technique will be used for treatment Receives: Other: CIMT Group
Mirror Therapy Group	Experimental	patient will perform movements in semi-reclined and sitting positions with the mirror placed between the two lower extremities. Receives: Other: Mirror Therapy group

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

NIH Stroke Scale - NIHSS
It comprises of 15 items with each having responses scored on a 0-4 points scale. The overall score ranges from 0-42 points with higher scores specifying pronounced neurological deficits
Measured: 2,4,8 week
Mini-mental state examination
Cognitive status by the mini-mental state examination (mmse)Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool that can quickly diagnose if a person suffers from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through answering questions in different cognitive domains. The MMSE demonstrates moderately high levels of reliability. It has been reported to be internally consistent
Measured: 2,4,8 week
POMA
After interventions POMA for assessing risk of fall will be used. The POMA is used to examine balance and mobility in the elderly (Tinetti 1986). This examination tool consists of the balance subscale (9 items, 16 points) and gait subscale (8 items, 12 points), totaling 28 points.
Measured: 2,4,8 week
Berg balance scale
A five-point scale, ranging from 0-4. "0" indicates the lowest level of function and "4" the highest level of function. Total Score = 0-56. Score of 41-56 = low fall risk, 21-40 = medium fall risk, 0-20 = high fall risk.
Measured: 2,4,8 week
10 Meter walk test / 10mwt
Calculating Gait Speed - total distance/time. For example: if you did a 10-meter gait speed test and it took you 7 seconds, the equation would like: 10 meters / 7 seconds = 1.4 meters per second. The 10MWT intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were good (ICC between 0.76 until 0.9) and excellent (ICC > 0.9), respectively. The minimal detectable change for intra-rater reliability was 0.188 m/s.
Measured: 2,4,8 week

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

1 Apr 202315 Feb 2024

First posted14 Aug 2023
Study start1 Apr 2023
Primary completion30 Jan 2024
Study completion15 Feb 2024

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind
Who is masked: Participant
Enrolment: 36 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05985603
Sponsor's protocol ID: REC/01665 Bakhtawar Tariq
Status last verified: Nov 2025
First submitted: 3 Aug 2023
Last updated: 21 Nov 2025
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Oh K, Im N, Lee Y, Lim N, Cho T, Ryu S, Yoon S. Effect of Antigravity Treadmill Gait Training on Gait Function and Fall Risk in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2022 Jun;46(3):114-121. doi: 10.5535/arm.22034. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
PubMed 35793900
Okonkwo UP, Agbo CF, Ibeneme SC, Igwe ES, Akosile CO, Onwuakagba IU, Emmanuel OC, Maduagwu SM, Ezenwankwo EF, Ekechukwu EN. The Burden and Quality of life of Caregivers of Stroke Survivors with Cognitive Impairment in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Anambra State, Nigeria. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022 Sep 27;8:23337214221126329. doi: 10.1177/23337214221126329. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec.
PubMed 36189374
Wagatsuma M, Kim T, Sitagata P, Lee E, Vrongistinos K, Jung T. The biomechanical investigation of the relationship between balance and muscular strength in people with chronic stroke: a pilot cross-sectional study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2019 Apr;26(3):173-179. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1574417. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
PubMed 30741610
Khan F, Abusharha S, Alfuraidy A, Nimatallah K, Almalki R, Basaffar R, Mirdad M, Chevidikunnan MF, Basuodan R. Prediction of Factors Affecting Mobility in Patients with Stroke and Finding the Mediation Effect of Balance on Mobility: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 10;19(24):16612. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416612.
PubMed 36554493
Li J, Zhong D, Ye J, He M, Liu X, Zheng H, Jin R, Zhang SL. Rehabilitation for balance impairment in patients after stroke: a protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 19;9(7):e026844. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026844.
PubMed 31326927
Arienti C, Lazzarini SG, Pollock A, Negrini S. Rehabilitation interventions for improving balance following stroke: An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 19;14(7):e0219781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219781. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31323068
Herrador Colmenero L, Perez Marmol JM, Marti-Garcia C, Querol Zaldivar MLA, Tapia Haro RM, Castro Sanchez AM, Aguilar-Ferrandiz ME. Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation: A systematic review. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2018 Jun;42(3):288-298. doi: 10.1177/0309364617740230. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
PubMed 29153043
Ju Y, Yoon IJ. The effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy on upper extremity function and its influence on activities of daily living. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Jan;30(1):77-81. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.77. Epub 2018 Jan 27.
PubMed 29410571
Garrido M M, Alvarez E E, Acevedo P F, Moyano V A, Castillo N N, Cavada Ch G. Early transcranial direct current stimulation with modified constraint-induced movement therapy for motor and functional upper limb recovery in hospitalized patients with stroke: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, clinical trial. Brain Stimul. 2023 Jan-Feb;16(1):40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
PubMed 36584748
E Silva EMGS, Ribeiro TS, da Silva TCC, Costa MFP, Cavalcanti FADC, Lindquist ARR. Effects of constraint-induced movement therapy for lower limbs on measurements of functional mobility and postural balance in subjects with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017 Dec;24(8):555-561. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1366011. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
PubMed 28859603
Wang D, Xiang J, He Y, Yuan M, Dong L, Ye Z, Mao W. The Mechanism and Clinical Application of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Jun 21;16:828599. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.828599. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35801093
Yoon JA, Koo BI, Shin MJ, Shin YB, Ko HY, Shin YI. Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy for patients with subacute stroke. Ann Rehabil Med. 2014 Aug;38(4):458-66. doi: 10.5535/arm.2014.38.4.458. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
PubMed 25229024
Kim K, Lee S, Kim D, Lee K, Kim Y. Effects of mirror therapy combined with motor tasks on upper extremity function and activities daily living of stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(2):483-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.483. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
PubMed 27065534

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

Not yet recruiting
Temporal Interference Stimulation for Upper-Limb Motor Recovery in Early Subacute Stroke
Acute Ischemic Stroke
RecruitingObservational study
ELATE Study: Evaluating Large-vessel Acute Thrombectomy in Extended Time Window
Acute Ichemic Stroke
Recruiting
Web-Based Tele-Rehabilitation Using Action Observation and Mirror Therapy for Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Stroke, Upper Extremity Paresis
Recruiting
Early Motor-Cognitive Integrative Training on Cognitive and Motor Performance in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Aneurysm Hemorrhage
Not yet recruiting
Selective Intra-Arterial Hypothermia After Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Acute Ischemic Stroke, Basilar Artery Occlusion

All Stroke trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Comparison of Mirror Therapy and Modified Constrain Induced Movement Therapy on Risk of Fall, Balance and Gait in Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05985603
Acronym / sponsor ID: REC/01665 Bakhtawar Tariq
Conditions: Stroke
Keywords: CIMT, Mirror Therapy
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 36 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 1 Apr 2023 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Jan 2024 (actual)
Study completion: 15 Feb 2024 (actual)
First posted: 14 Aug 2023 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

There will be a difference between modified constraint induced movement therapy and Mirror Therapy on lower limb for risk of fall, balance and gait in stroke patients.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind (participant)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
CIMT Group	Experimental	Other: CIMT GroupIn this group of patients CIMT technique will be used for treatment
Mirror Therapy Group	Experimental	Other: Mirror Therapy grouppatient will perform movements in semi-reclined and sitting positions with the mirror placed between the two lower extremities.

Who may qualify

Ages: 21 to 70 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)

A Hemiplegia due to unilateral stroke
Sub-acute and chronic stroke
Stroke survivors between 21 and 70 years old will be recruited
Both genders
NIH Stroke scale below 20

Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)

Patients with depression who will be unable to cooperate during treatment
Patients who cannot perform the active movement of limb due to prestroke muscoskeletal problems
Cardiopulmonary diseases which could hinder their ability to participate in rehabilitation
Spasticity of Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) II or higher
Patients with Any neuron disease and Patients with lower-limb impairment caused by other neurological diseases or inability to comply with study protocol will be excluded.

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
CIMT GroupIn this group of patients CIMT technique will be used for treatment	Other	CIMT Group
Mirror Therapy grouppatient will perform movements in semi-reclined and sitting positions with the mirror placed between the two lower extremities.	Other	Mirror Therapy Group

Primary outcome

NIH Stroke Scale - NIHSS
Time frame: 2,4,8 week
It comprises of 15 items with each having responses scored on a 0-4 points scale. The overall score ranges from 0-42 points with higher scores specifying pronounced neurological deficits
Mini-mental state examination
Time frame: 2,4,8 week
Cognitive status by the mini-mental state examination (mmse)Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool that can quickly diagnose if a person suffers from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through answering questions in different cognitive domains. The MMSE demonstrates moderately high levels of reliability. It has been reported to be internally consistent
POMA
Time frame: 2,4,8 week
After interventions POMA for assessing risk of fall will be used. The POMA is used to examine balance and mobility in the elderly (Tinetti 1986). This examination tool consists of the balance subscale (9 items, 16 points) and gait subscale (8 items, 12 points), totaling 28 points.
Berg balance scale
Time frame: 2,4,8 week
A five-point scale, ranging from 0-4. "0" indicates the lowest level of function and "4" the highest level of function. Total Score = 0-56. Score of 41-56 = low fall risk, 21-40 = medium fall risk, 0-20 = high fall risk.
10 Meter walk test / 10mwt
Time frame: 2,4,8 week
Calculating Gait Speed - total distance/time. For example: if you did a 10-meter gait speed test and it took you 7 seconds, the equation would like: 10 meters / 7 seconds = 1.4 meters per second. The 10MWT intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were good (ICC between 0.76 until 0.9) and excellent (ICC > 0.9), respectively. The minimal detectable change for intra-rater reliability was 0.188 m/s.

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Nov 2025.
Background: PubMed 35793900Oh K, Im N, Lee Y, Lim N, Cho T, Ryu S, Yoon S. Effect of Antigravity Treadmill Gait Training on Gait Function and Fall Risk in Stroke Patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2022 Jun;46(3):114-121. doi: 10.5535/arm.22034. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Background: PubMed 36189374Okonkwo UP, Agbo CF, Ibeneme SC, Igwe ES, Akosile CO, Onwuakagba IU, Emmanuel OC, Maduagwu SM, Ezenwankwo EF, Ekechukwu EN. The Burden and Quality of life of Caregivers of Stroke Survivors with Cognitive Impairment in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Anambra State, Nigeria. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022 Sep 27;8:23337214221126329. doi: 10.1177/23337214221126329. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec.
Background: PubMed 30741610Wagatsuma M, Kim T, Sitagata P, Lee E, Vrongistinos K, Jung T. The biomechanical investigation of the relationship between balance and muscular strength in people with chronic stroke: a pilot cross-sectional study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2019 Apr;26(3):173-179. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1574417. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Background: PubMed 36554493Khan F, Abusharha S, Alfuraidy A, Nimatallah K, Almalki R, Basaffar R, Mirdad M, Chevidikunnan MF, Basuodan R. Prediction of Factors Affecting Mobility in Patients with Stroke and Finding the Mediation Effect of Balance on Mobility: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 10;19(24):16612. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416612.
Background: PubMed 31326927Li J, Zhong D, Ye J, He M, Liu X, Zheng H, Jin R, Zhang SL. Rehabilitation for balance impairment in patients after stroke: a protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 19;9(7):e026844. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026844.
Background: PubMed 31323068Arienti C, Lazzarini SG, Pollock A, Negrini S. Rehabilitation interventions for improving balance following stroke: An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 19;14(7):e0219781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219781. eCollection 2019.
Background: PubMed 29153043Herrador Colmenero L, Perez Marmol JM, Marti-Garcia C, Querol Zaldivar MLA, Tapia Haro RM, Castro Sanchez AM, Aguilar-Ferrandiz ME. Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation: A systematic review. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2018 Jun;42(3):288-298. doi: 10.1177/0309364617740230. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
Background: PubMed 29410571Ju Y, Yoon IJ. The effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy on upper extremity function and its influence on activities of daily living. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Jan;30(1):77-81. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.77. Epub 2018 Jan 27.
Background: PubMed 36584748Garrido M M, Alvarez E E, Acevedo P F, Moyano V A, Castillo N N, Cavada Ch G. Early transcranial direct current stimulation with modified constraint-induced movement therapy for motor and functional upper limb recovery in hospitalized patients with stroke: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, clinical trial. Brain Stimul. 2023 Jan-Feb;16(1):40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
Background: PubMed 28859603E Silva EMGS, Ribeiro TS, da Silva TCC, Costa MFP, Cavalcanti FADC, Lindquist ARR. Effects of constraint-induced movement therapy for lower limbs on measurements of functional mobility and postural balance in subjects with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017 Dec;24(8):555-561. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1366011. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Background: PubMed 35801093Wang D, Xiang J, He Y, Yuan M, Dong L, Ye Z, Mao W. The Mechanism and Clinical Application of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Jun 21;16:828599. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.828599. eCollection 2022.
Background: PubMed 25229024Yoon JA, Koo BI, Shin MJ, Shin YB, Ko HY, Shin YI. Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy for patients with subacute stroke. Ann Rehabil Med. 2014 Aug;38(4):458-66. doi: 10.5535/arm.2014.38.4.458. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

Related trials for Stroke

Not yet recruiting
Temporal Interference Stimulation for Upper-Limb Motor Recovery in Early Subacute Stroke
Acute Ischemic Stroke
RecruitingObservational study
ELATE Study: Evaluating Large-vessel Acute Thrombectomy in Extended Time Window
Acute Ichemic Stroke
Recruiting
Web-Based Tele-Rehabilitation Using Action Observation and Mirror Therapy for Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Stroke, Upper Extremity Paresis
Recruiting
Early Motor-Cognitive Integrative Training on Cognitive and Motor Performance in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Aneurysm Hemorrhage
Not yet recruiting
Selective Intra-Arterial Hypothermia After Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Acute Ischemic Stroke, Basilar Artery Occlusion

Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Ayesha Bashir, MS principal investigator

Riphah International University

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing CIMT Group and Mirror Therapy group in people with Stroke, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

NIH Stroke Scale - NIHSS (time frame: 2,4,8 week). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05985603, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Nov 2025.