Deconstructing Post Stroke Hemiparesis

This screener is used to identify the handedness of participants prior to stroke by asking them which hand they typically use to complete activities of daily living, such as writing, throwing a ball, cutting paper with scissors, brushing teeth, and eating with a spoon. Participants can answer if they would use strictly their right hand, right more than left, both equally, left more than right, or strictly their left hand. Participants are then categorized as left-handed, ambidextrous, or right-handed.

This test is used to assess upper limb performance post-stroke by measuring coordination, dexterity, and functioning. Participants are asked to complete tasks grouped into four categories - gross movement, grasp, grip, and pinch. Task performance is rated on a four point scale, in which 0 represents no movement and 3 represents normal movement. The Action Research Arm Test has demonstrated an inter-rater reliability between 0.996-0.998.

This test is used to assess spasticity at different joints of the upper extremity. The test will be performed at the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and digits. The six point scale will indicate presence of the abnormal increase in muscle tone, ranging from 0 = no increase in tone to 4 = affected part in rigid flexion and extension. Higher scores on this assessment mean worse outcomes.

This test is used to understand sensory deficits of the upper extremity. Participants are exposed to distinct stimuli and asked to describe if the object is sharp or blunt and the location of the stimulus. A rater will determine if the reported sensation was absent, impaired, or normal.

This test provides information about overall stroke severity. The test includes a series of different questions which allow for the assessment of level of consciousness, vision, facial, arm, and leg motor weakness, sensation, coordination, and language expression and reception. Score range from 0 to 42. Higher scores on this assessment mean worse outcomes.

This test is used to assess cognitive dysfunction by testing multiple different cognitive domains including attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuospatial skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. Scores range from 0 to 30 with higher scores meaning better cognitive outcome.

This questionnaire is used to screen, diagnose, and monitor post stroke depression. The questionnaire includes a series of questions which allow a participant to self-report how often he/she has been experiencing symptoms of depression. Scores range from 0 to 27 with higher scores meaning worse depression.

This questionnaire is used to collect information about the participant's injury history to his/her head. Participants are asked how many head injuries they have sustained, if any of these events led to loss of consciousness, and a description of their worst head injury.

This test provides information about the participant's level of independence in performing activities of daily living (ADLs). The test includes a series of questions which can be asked of the participant or a caregiver. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores meaning better outcome.

This scale is used to measure the degree of disability based on functional status. The scale involves a series of questions asked to determine the degree of disability a participant is experiencing at the current timepoint. Scores range from 0 to 6 with higher scores meaning worse outcome.

This scale is used to measure a participant's impression of the pain he/she is feeling at the time of assessment. The participant is asked to rate the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 being "as bad as it could be".

This assessment is used to measure the strength of the participant's muscles in his/her upper extremities. Participants are asked to maximally contract these muscles and the force produced is recorded by a dynamometer.