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Primary Immunodeficiency DiseasesNCT05999422

Exercise Capacity, Physical Activity Level and Quality of Life in Children With Primary Immunodeficiency

An observational study of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

Unknown status

Status not confirmed. The sponsor has not verified this record for over two years, so it may be out of date.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study aims to compare the maximal exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, respiratory functions, physical activity level, quality of life, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation and dyspnea in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and healthy… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 6 to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
How many people
52 participants
Where
1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates
1 Aug 2023to Oct 2024
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 6 to 18 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child, Adult

Study population: 26 patients diagnosed with primary immune deficiency will be recruited, together with 26 healthy individuals.

Who may be able to join

  • Patients:
  • Individuals aged 6-18 years, diagnosed with primary immune deficiency disease and receiving standard medical treatment, will be included in the study.
  • Healthy controls:
  • Individuals between the ages of 6 and 18 without a known chronic disease will be included.

Who cannot join

  • Patients:
  • Patients who are uncooperative, have orthopedic or neurological disorders that will affect their exercise capacity, and have pneumonia or any acute infection during the evaluation will be excluded from the study.
  • Healthy controls:
  • Those with a known chronic disease, uncooperative and orthopedic or neurological disorders that will affect their exercise capacity will not be included.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Prof.Dr. contact

+903122162647

meralbosnak@gazi.edu.tr

Riad Bejta, B.sc PT contact

+905466559427

riadbejta@gmail.com

Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting

  • Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit

    Ankara, Çankaya, 06490

    Meral BOŞNAK GÜÇLÜ, Prof.Dr., +903122162647, meralbosnak@gazi.edu.tr

    Riad Bejta, B.sc PT, +905466559427, riadbejta@gmail.com

    Recruiting

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: Comparison of Exercise Capacity, Physical Activity Level and Quality of Life of Children With Primary Immunodeficiency With Healthy Children

This study aims to compare the maximal exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, respiratory functions, physical activity level, quality of life, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation and dyspnea in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and healthy individuals. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study on 26 patients diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Differences between both groups will be evaluated statistically. The results of this study aim to reveal how primary immunodeficiency patients are affected by factors such as respiratory functions, physical activity level and quality of life

Read the detailed description

Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from various abnormalities that affect the development, differentiation, and/or function of cells and components of the immune system. PIDs are clinically characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, auto-inflammatory disorders, allergies, bone marrow failure, and/or malignancies. Although individually rare, the total number of individuals with PIDs constitutes a significant health burden. The prevalence and distribution of PIDs vary among populations, with an estimated prevalence of 1/1,000 to 1/5,000. The specific prevalence of PIDs in Turkey is not well known due to the lack of extensive studies and a national registry system. However, a study encompassing two centers in Turkey reported a prevalence of 30.5/100,000. Currently, approximately 500 PID diseases have been identified, with selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency being the most common and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) being the most common symptomatic PID.

Pulmonary complications are highly prevalent among PID patients and significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Recurrent respiratory tract infections often serve as the initial warning sign in some PIDs and are a leading cause of mortality in adult PID patients. The presence of two or more pneumonia episodes per year is considered one of the ten warning signs of PID. Acute and chronic infections primarily constitute respiratory system diseases, while non-infectious respiratory complications include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial lung disease, granulomatous lung disease, and malignancies. These diseases significantly impact the quality of life of PID patients, limit their working abilities, and restrict their physical and social activities. Health-related quality of life in PID patients is also significantly affected by delays in the diagnosis and treatment of infections.

As survival from infections improves, non-infectious pulmonary complications become more common in PID patients. Particularly in PIDs characterized by antibody deficiencies, permanent lung damage is observed in 20-40% of patients.

Physical activity levels are also affected in PID patients, but there are only survey studies on this topic. Therefore, it is expected that respiratory muscle strength, as well as respiratory muscle endurance, functional exercise capacity, and peripheral muscle strength, would be affected in these patients. There is no research available on maximal exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and peripheral muscle strength.

The aim of this study is to compare the maximal exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, respiratory functions, physical activity level, quality of life, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation and dyspnea in patients with primary immune deficiencies with healthy individuals.

Keywords
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Exercise capacity, Quality of life, Physical activity levels
Medical subject headings
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT05999422
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Patients with primary immunodeficiencyMaximal exercise capacity measured with Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, functional exercise capacity with six minute walk test, pulmonary function using spirometry, respiratory muscle strength using mouth pressure device, peripheral muscle strength using hand held dynamometer, muscle oxygenation using Moxy monitor, respiratory muscle endurance using incremental threshold loading test, life quality using "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0)" (Turkish version).
Healthy controlMaximal exercise capacity measured with Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, functional exercise capacity with six minute walk test, pulmonary function using spirometry, respiratory muscle strength using mouth pressure device, peripheral muscle strength using hand held dynamometer, muscle oxygenation using Moxy monitor, respiratory muscle endurance using incremental threshold loading test, life quality using "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0)" (Turkish version).

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Maximal Exercise capacity

    Maximal Exercise capacity will be evaluated with Cardiopulmonary Exercise testing. The Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing will be applied according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary outcomes (17)

  1. Functional exercise capacity

    Functional exercise capacity will be evaluated with the 6- Minute Walk Test. 6- Minute Walk Test will be applied according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  2. Pulmonary function

    Pulmonary function will be evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements will be measured according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1 / FVC will be evaluated.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  3. Pulmonary function (Peak flow rate (PEF))

    Pulmonary function was evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  4. Pulmonary function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%))

    Pulmonary function was evaluated with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%) will be evaluated.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  5. Respiratory muscle endurance

    Respiratory muscle endurance will be assessed by the POWERbreathe Wellness (POWERbreathe, Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) Technologies Ltd., Birmingham, UK) device and the respiratory muscle endurance test with increased threshold load. The test will start with 20% of the maximal inspiratory pressure and the pressure will be increased to 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% every two minutes. Patients will be asked to continue breathing through the device during the whole time. During the test, the number of breaths delivered and the maximal time reached during each 2-minute period will be recorded. If the individual can't breathe 3 consecutive times, the test will be terminated by the physiotherapist. The total duration of the test and the maximum pressure value at which it continues to breathe for at least 1 minute will be multiplied. The value found will be recorded as the respiratory muscle endurance value.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  6. Respiratory muscle strength

    Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures expressing respiratory muscle strength will be measured with a portable mouth pressure measuring device according to ATS and ERS criteria.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  7. Peripheral muscle strength

    Isometric peripheral muscle strength will be measured with a portable hand dynamometer (JTECH Commander, USA). Measurements will be repeated on the shoulder abductors and knee extensors three times on the right and left.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  8. Muscle Oxygenation (Local oxygen saturation (SmO2))

    Muscle Oxygenation will be measured with Moxy device monitor (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, USA). The device will be placed on the motor point of quadriceps muscle during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing as well as during the six minute walk test. Local oxygen saturation (SmO2) levels will be measured.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  9. Muscle Oxygenation (Total haemoglobin (THb))

    Muscle Oxygenation will be measured with Moxy device monitor (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, USA). The device will be placed on the motor point of quadriceps muscle during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing as well as during the six minute walk test. Total haemoglobin (THb) levels will be measured.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  10. Physical activity (Total energy expenditure)

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Total energy expenditure (joule / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  11. Physical activity (Active energy expenditure (joule / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Active energy expenditure (joule / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  12. Physical Activity (Physical activity time (min / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Physical activity time (min / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  13. Physical Activity (Average metabolic equivalent (MET / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Average metabolic equivalent (MET / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  14. Physical Activity (Number of steps (steps / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Number of steps (steps / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  15. Physical Activity (Time spent lying down (min / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Time spent lying down (min / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  16. Physical Activity (Sleep time (min / day))

    Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor (SenseWear®, Inc Pittsburgh, ABD). The patient wore the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient was informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Sleep time (min / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor. The measured parameter will be averaged and analyzed with the "SenseWear® 7.0 Software" program.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

  17. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (Quality of Life Questionnaire)

    The quality of life will be measured with the Turkish version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0). PedsQL measures health related quality of life in children and adolescents. The measure can be completed by parents (the Proxy Report) as well as children and young people (the Self-Report). The 23-item PedsQL Generic Core Scales were designed to measure the core dimensions of health as delineated by the World Health Organization, as well as role (school) functioning. The four scales that it measures are Physical Functioning (8 items), Emotional Functioning (5 items), Social Functioning (5 items) and School Functioning (5 items). Each item of the instrument is scored on a 5-point scale. Scale scores are computed as the sum of the items over the number of items answered.

    Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted21 Aug 2023
  2. Study start1 Aug 2023
  3. Primary completionAug 2024 (estimated)
  4. Study completionOct 2024 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrolment
52 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05999422
Sponsor's protocol ID
Gazi University 55
Status last verified
Aug 2023
First submitted
24 Jul 2023
Last updated
21 Aug 2023
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Cunningham-Rundles C, Franco JL, Holland SM, Klein C, Morio T, Oksenhendler E, Picard C, Puel A, Puck J, Seppanen MRJ, Somech R, Su HC, Sullivan KE, Torgerson TR, Meyts I. Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct;42(7):1473-1507. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01289-3. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

    PubMed 35748970

  • Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Chatila T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Etzioni A, Franco JL, Holland SM, Klein C, Morio T, Ochs HD, Oksenhendler E, Picard C, Puck J, Torgerson TR, Casanova JL, Sullivan KE. Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Clin Immunol. 2020 Jan;40(1):24-64. doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00737-x. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

    PubMed 31953710

  • Kilic SS, Ozel M, Hafizoglu D, Karaca NE, Aksu G, Kutukculer N. The prevalences [correction] and patient characteristics of primary immunodeficiency diseases in Turkey--two centers study. J Clin Immunol. 2013 Jan;33(1):74-83. doi: 10.1007/s10875-012-9763-3. Epub 2012 Sep 15.

    PubMed 22983506

  • Ameratunga R, Longhurst H, Lehnert K, Steele R, Edwards ESJ, Woon ST. Are All Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Inborn Errors of Immunity? Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 21;12:706796. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706796. eCollection 2021. No abstract available.

    PubMed 34367167

  • Hampson FA, Chandra A, Screaton NJ, Condliffe A, Kumararatne DS, Exley AR, Babar JL. Respiratory disease in common variable immunodeficiency and other primary immunodeficiency disorders. Clin Radiol. 2012 Jun;67(6):587-95. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.028. Epub 2012 Jan 9.

    PubMed 22226567

  • Verma N, Grimbacher B, Hurst JR. Lung disease in primary antibody deficiency. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Aug;3(8):651-60. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00202-7. Epub 2015 Jul 15.

    PubMed 26188881

  • Modell V, Orange JS, Quinn J, Modell F. Global report on primary immunodeficiencies: 2018 update from the Jeffrey Modell Centers Network on disease classification, regional trends, treatment modalities, and physician reported outcomes. Immunol Res. 2018 Jun;66(3):367-380. doi: 10.1007/s12026-018-8996-5.

    PubMed 29744770

  • Quinti I, Di Pietro C, Martini H, Pesce AM, Lombardi F, Baumghartner M, Colantuono S, Milito C, Tabolli S. Health related quality of life in common variable immunodeficiency. Yonsei Med J. 2012 May;53(3):603-10. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.3.603.

    PubMed 22477006

  • Routes J, Costa-Carvalho BT, Grimbacher B, Paris K, Ochs HD, Filipovich A, Hintermeyer M, de Melo KM, Workman S, Ito D, Ye X, Bonnet P, Li-McLeod J. Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Resource Utilization in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Prior to and Following 12 Months of Immunoglobulin G Treatment. J Clin Immunol. 2016 Jul;36(5):450-61. doi: 10.1007/s10875-016-0279-0. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

    PubMed 27091140

  • Urschel S, Kayikci L, Wintergerst U, Notheis G, Jansson A, Belohradsky BH. Common variable immunodeficiency disorders in children: delayed diagnosis despite typical clinical presentation. J Pediatr. 2009 Jun;154(6):888-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.12.020. Epub 2009 Feb 23.

    PubMed 19230900

  • Jesenak M, Banovcin P, Jesenakova B, Babusikova E. Pulmonary manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders in children. Front Pediatr. 2014 Jul 25;2:77. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00077. eCollection 2014.

    PubMed 25121077

  • Azizi G, Abolhassani H, Asgardoon MH, Alinia T, Yazdani R, Mohammadi J, Rezaei N, Ochs HD, Aghamohammadi A. Autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2017 Feb;13(2):101-115. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2016.1224664. Epub 2016 Sep 16.

    PubMed 27636680

  • Manson D, Reid B, Dalal I, Roifman CM. Clinical utility of high-resolution pulmonary computed tomography in children with antibody deficiency disorders. Pediatr Radiol. 1997 Oct;27(10):794-8. doi: 10.1007/s002470050235.

    PubMed 9323243

  • Sowers KL, Litwin BA, Lee ACW, Galantino MLA. Exercise Perception and Behaviors in Individuals Living with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease. J Clin Immunol. 2018 Feb;38(2):174-184. doi: 10.1007/s10875-017-0472-9. Epub 2018 Jan 6.

    PubMed 29307028

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Results are not available in the source record.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Prof.Dr. (+903122162647, meralbosnak@gazi.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Maximal Exercise capacity (time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05999422, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Aug 2023.

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