Individuals With Eye Refraction DefectsNCT05999552
The Effect of Eye Exercises in Individuals With Eye Refractive Defects
A study testing Eye exercises in people with Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
According to the World Health Organization's statement published in 2014, 43% of visual impairment is overhauled by uncorrected refractive errors. The change of body and angle of light waves while undergoing changes in the environment due to the temperature difference between the environments is called refraction. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects
- What is being tested?
- Eye exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 5 Sep 2023to 30 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- be between the ages of 18-65, Having any refractive or visual impairment (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) by an ophthalmologist, not have other eye problems in addition to these vision defects, to score at least 24 on the Standardized Mini Mental Test.
Who cannot join
- having undergone any eye surgery (including laser operations), have a prosthetic eye have congenital vision loss, have any disease that will affect the eyesight. Individuals meeting these criteria will not be included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Van bölge hastanesi eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi
Van
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Eye Exercises Applied on Individuals With Eye Refractive Defects on Visual Function and Quality of Life
According to the World Health Organization's statement published in 2014, 43% of visual impairment is overhauled by uncorrected refractive errors. The change of body and angle of light waves while undergoing changes in the environment due to the temperature difference between the environments is called refraction. The refractive errors found in the eye can be discovered as myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia. As there are different prevalence methods in eye refractive errors in various publications. According to many studies in the literature, eye exercises in many conditions such as convergence collapse, accommodation dysfunction, movement center of the eye, digital eye strain and dry eye are curative and therapeutic without any control. With eye exercises, blood is applied to the ocular region, the humor is stimulated, the tension of the extraocular muscles is reduced, the coordination between the eye muscles is increased, the eye fatigue and stress are reduced. Depending on the effects of these effects, positive changes are seen on vision tests. Although there is a different view in the literature that includes these eye exercises and their benefits, it has been found to be insufficient in current studies. More work needs to be done in this area so that these results can be stated better and more clearly. With this study, investigators aim to shed light on what can be done in this field by filling these residents in the literature and to examine the visual function and quality of life of eye exercises.
- Conditions
- Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects
- Being tested
- Eye exercises
- Keywords
- Ocular Refraction, Eye, Exercise, Life Quality, Ocular vision
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Eye exercisesOther
The treatment will be applied in three sessions a week for eight weeks and each session will be approximately 20 minutes. Individuals will do each exercise shown at home as a home program on other days (days when the physiotherapist does not perform the exercise by video call).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No intervention | any exercise program will not be applied and will only be followed. |
| Experimental Group | Experimental | eye exercise program will be applied. Receives: Other: Eye exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Nottingham Health profile
This questionnaire assesses the perception of health-related quality of life. The total score is between 0-600. A high score is an indication of a bad outcome.
Measured: baseline, after 8 weeks
National Institute of Ophthalmology Visual Function Scale
Used to measure vision-related quality of life in patients with chronic eye disease. Overall scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
Measured: baseline, after 8 weeks
Standardized Mini-Mental Test
It is a scale that determines the cognitive level of the participants. It consists of eleven questions and is evaluated over 30 points. 24-30 points are normal, 18-23 points mild dementia, 10-17 points dementia, 10 points and below are compatible with severe dementia.
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Aug 2023
- Study start5 Sep 2023
- Primary completion15 Dec 2023
- Study completion30 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Individuals With Eye Refraction DefectsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Halic University, Bahçeşehir University, Yuzuncu Yil University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Emine Nur Demircan, Hacettepe University
- Investigators
- Berna Calp, PT, MSc, Principal investigator, Halic University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05999552
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Eye Exercises
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 29 Jul 2023
- Last updated
- 2 Oct 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Blindness and visual impairment. [Internet]. World Health Organization, 2014.
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group. The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):24-36. doi: 10.1080/09286580701772037.
PubMed 18300086Horwood A, Toor S. Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014 Mar;34(2):250-62. doi: 10.1111/opo.12109. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
PubMed 24471739Cacho Martinez P, Garcia Munoz A, Ruiz-Cantero MT. Treatment of accommodative and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions: a systematic review. Optometry. 2009 Dec;80(12):702-16. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.06.011.
PubMed 19932444Minoonejad H, Barati AH, Naderifar H, Heidari B, Kazemi AS, Lashay A. Effect of four weeks of ocular-motor exercises on dynamic visual acuity and stability limit of female basketball players. Gait Posture. 2019 Sep;73:286-290. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.06.022. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
PubMed 31398634Morimoto H, Asai Y, Johnson EG, Lohman EB, Khoo K, Mizutani Y, Mizutani T. Effect of oculo-motor and gaze stability exercises on postural stability and dynamic visual acuity in healthy young adults. Gait Posture. 2011 Apr;33(4):600-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.016. Epub 2011 Feb 19.
PubMed 21334899
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Oct 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Eye Exercises Applied on Individuals With Eye Refractive Defects on Visual Function and Quality of Life
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05999552
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Eye Exercises
- Conditions
- Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects
- Keywords
- Ocular Refraction, Eye, Exercise, Life Quality, Ocular vision
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Halic University, Bahçeşehir University, Yuzuncu Yil University
- Study start
- 5 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
According to the World Health Organization's statement published in 2014, 43% of visual impairment is overhauled by uncorrected refractive errors. The change of body and angle of light waves while undergoing changes in the environment due to the temperature difference between the environments is called refraction. The refractive errors found in the eye can be discovered as myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia. As there are different prevalence methods in eye refractive errors in various publications. According to many studies in the literature, eye exercises in many conditions such as convergence collapse, accommodation dysfunction, movement center of the eye, digital eye strain and dry eye are curative and therapeutic without any control. With eye exercises, blood is applied to the ocular region, the humor is stimulated, the tension of the extraocular muscles is reduced, the coordination between the eye muscles is increased, the eye fatigue and stress are reduced. Depending on the effects of these effects, positive changes are seen on vision tests. Although there is a different view in the literature that includes these eye exercises and their benefits, it has been found to be insufficient in current studies. More work needs to be done in this area so that these results can be stated better and more clearly. With this study, investigators aim to shed light on what can be done in this field by filling these residents in the literature and to examine the visual function and quality of life of eye exercises.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No intervention | –any exercise program will not be applied and will only be followed. |
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Other: Eye exerciseseye exercise program will be applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- be between the ages of 18-65, Having any refractive or visual impairment (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) by an ophthalmologist, not have other eye problems in addition to these vision defects, to score at least 24 on the Standardized Mini Mental Test.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- having undergone any eye surgery (including laser operations), have a prosthetic eye have congenital vision loss, have any disease that will affect the eyesight. Individuals meeting these criteria will not be included in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Eye exercisesThe treatment will be applied in three sessions a week for eight weeks and each session will be approximately 20 minutes. Individuals will do each exercise shown at home as a home program on other days (days when the physiotherapist does not perform the exercise by video call). | Other | Experimental Group |
Primary outcome
Nottingham Health profile
Time frame: baseline, after 8 weeks
This questionnaire assesses the perception of health-related quality of life. The total score is between 0-600. A high score is an indication of a bad outcome.
National Institute of Ophthalmology Visual Function Scale
Time frame: baseline, after 8 weeks
Used to measure vision-related quality of life in patients with chronic eye disease. Overall scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
Standardized Mini-Mental Test
Time frame: baseline
It is a scale that determines the cognitive level of the participants. It consists of eleven questions and is evaluated over 30 points. 24-30 points are normal, 18-23 points mild dementia, 10-17 points dementia, 10 points and below are compatible with severe dementia.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Oct 2025.
- BackgroundBlindness and visual impairment. [Internet]. World Health Organization, 2014.
- Background: PubMed 18300086Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group. The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):24-36. doi: 10.1080/09286580701772037.
- Background: PubMed 24471739Horwood A, Toor S. Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014 Mar;34(2):250-62. doi: 10.1111/opo.12109. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
- Background: PubMed 19932444Cacho Martinez P, Garcia Munoz A, Ruiz-Cantero MT. Treatment of accommodative and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions: a systematic review. Optometry. 2009 Dec;80(12):702-16. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.06.011.
- Background: PubMed 31398634Minoonejad H, Barati AH, Naderifar H, Heidari B, Kazemi AS, Lashay A. Effect of four weeks of ocular-motor exercises on dynamic visual acuity and stability limit of female basketball players. Gait Posture. 2019 Sep;73:286-290. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.06.022. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
- Background: PubMed 21334899Morimoto H, Asai Y, Johnson EG, Lohman EB, Khoo K, Mizutani Y, Mizutani T. Effect of oculo-motor and gaze stability exercises on postural stability and dynamic visual acuity in healthy young adults. Gait Posture. 2011 Apr;33(4):600-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.016. Epub 2011 Feb 19.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Berna Calp, PT, MSc principal investigator
Halic University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Eye exercises in people with Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Nottingham Health profile (time frame: baseline, after 8 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05999552, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Oct 2025.