EmergenciesNCT06003504
The Impact of First Aid Blended Learning Training on Learning Outcomes and Helping Behaviour of Adult Laypeople in Rwanda
A study testing First aid training with blended learning approach and First aid training with face-to-face approach in people with Emergencies and Injuries, run by Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgium at 1 site in Rwanda.
Trial summary
The goal of this study is to assess the impact of a first aid training delivered through a blended learning approach on learning outcomes and helping behaviour in adult laypeople in Rwanda. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Emergencies, Injuries, Illness Physical
- What is being tested?
- First aid training with blended learning approach and First aid training with face-to-face approach
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 540 participants
- Where
- 1 siteRwanda
- Study dates
- 13 Jul 2023to 24 Mar 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult (≥ 18 years) laypeople
- Access to a smartphone or tablet, which is able to install and run a mobile application
Who cannot join
- Having attended a first aid training in the past
- Having an academic or professional background in the (para)medical field
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Impact of First Aid Training, Delivered Via a Face-to-face or Blended Learning Approach, on Learning Outcomes and Helping Behaviour of Adult Laypeople in Rwanda: a Randomised Controlled Trial
The goal of this study is to assess the impact of a first aid training delivered through a blended learning approach on learning outcomes and helping behaviour in adult laypeople in Rwanda.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either:
Read more
- a first aid training with blended learning approach;
- a first aid training with conventional face-to-face approach;
- no first aid training.
All participants will be asked before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings to complete
- a questionnaire on first aid-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and willingness to help;
- a practical test on first aid-related skills.
The helping behaviour of the participants will be surveyed before and 6 months after the first aid trainings have been completed.
Researchers will compare the effects in learning outcomes and helping behaviour after 6 months between:
- the first aid training with blended learning approach and no first aid training;
- the first aid training with blended learning approach and first aid training with conventional face-to-face approach.
- Conditions
- Emergencies, Injuries, Illness Physical
- Being tested
- First aid training with blended learning approach, First aid training with face-to-face approach
- Keywords
- First aid, Blended learning, Laypeople
- Medical subject headings
- Emergencies, Wounds and Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
First aid training with blended learning approachOther
Also called First Aid Blended Learning (FABL)
The content of the first aid blended learning training is standardised and based on the 2021 edition of the Basic First Aid in Africa manual from the Belgian Red Cross, covering first aid general principles and instructions for:
- emergencies (i.e. choking, unconsciousness with and without normal breathing, chest discomfort and stroke, poisoning, and severe external bleeding);
- injuries (i.e. skin wounds, burns, and injuries to muscles, joints, limbs, head, neck, and back);
- illnesses (i.e. fainting, fever, fits, and diarrhoea).
The training consists of 2 consecutive parts:
- First aid theory is learned independently in a mobile application followed by an online test to ob-tain an admission ticket for the subsequent in-class training;
- First aid skills are practiced during a 1-day in-class training facilitated by a certified first aid instructor of the Rwanda Red Cross.
Participants get at least 10 days to learn in the mobile application and obtain the admission ticket.
First aid training with face-to-face approachOther
Also called Basic First Aid in Africa (BFA)
The content of the first aid face-to-face training is standardised and based on the 2021 edition of the Basic First Aid in Africa manual from the Belgian Red Cross, covering first aid general principles and instructions for:
- emergencies (i.e. choking, unconsciousness with and without normal breathing, chest discomfort and stroke, poisoning, and severe external bleeding);
- injuries (i.e. skin wounds, burns, and injuries to muscles, joints, limbs, head, neck, and back);
- illnesses (i.e. fainting, fever, fits, and diarrhoea).
The training consists of a 3-days in-class training with lectures and practical exercises on first aid the-ory and skills, facilitated by a certified first aid instructor of the Rwanda Red Cross.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| First aid training with blended learning approach | Experimental | Participants follow a first aid training delivered through a blended learning approach. Receives: Other: First aid training with blended learning approach |
| First aid training with face-to-face approach | Active comparator | Participants follow a first aid training delivered through a conventional face-to-face approach. Receives: Other: First aid training with face-to-face approach |
| Waitlist control | No intervention | Participants do not receive any training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
First aid knowledge
20-item multiple choice questionnaire about first aid topics using a numerical scale. Possible scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores meaning a better outcome.
Measured: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
Secondary outcomes (4)
First aid skills
22-item observation checklist about first aid practical skills using a numerical scale. Possible scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores meaning a better outcome.
Measured: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
First aid self-efficacy
10-item scenario-based questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale assessing self-efficacy concerning first aid topics. Possible scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores meaning a better outcome.
Measured: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
First aid willingness to help
6-item scenario-based questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale assessing willingness to help concerning first aid topics. Possible scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores meaning a better outcome.
Measured: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
Helping behaviour in the past 6 months
Structured questionnaire to survey the helping behaviour and to gauge the potential barriers and facilitators.
Measured: Before and 6 months after the first aid trainings
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Aug 2023
- Study start13 Jul 2023
- Primary completion24 Mar 2024
- Study completion24 Mar 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for EmergenciesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a randomised controlled trial in which the allocation is done at the level of the individual participant.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 540 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgium
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rwanda Red Cross, Belgian Red Cross
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Emmy De Buck, PhD, Principal investigator, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgium
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06003504
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FABL-001
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Aug 2023
- Last updated
- 23 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of First Aid Training, Delivered Via a Face-to-face or Blended Learning Approach, on Learning Outcomes and Helping Behaviour of Adult Laypeople in Rwanda: a Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06003504
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FABL-001
- Conditions
- Emergencies, Injuries, Illness Physical
- Keywords
- First aid, Blended learning, Laypeople
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 540 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, BelgiumUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rwanda Red Cross, Belgian Red Cross
- Study start
- 13 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 24 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Mar 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this study is to assess the impact of a first aid training delivered through a blended learning approach on learning outcomes and helping behaviour in adult laypeople in Rwanda.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either:
- a first aid training with blended learning approach;
- a first aid training with conventional face-to-face approach;
- no first aid training.
All participants will be asked before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings to complete
- a questionnaire on first aid-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and willingness to help;
- a practical test on first aid-related skills.
The helping behaviour of the participants will be surveyed before and 6 months after the first aid trainings have been completed.
Researchers will compare the effects in learning outcomes and helping behaviour after 6 months between:
- the first aid training with blended learning approach and no first aid training;
- the first aid training with blended learning approach and first aid training with conventional face-to-face approach.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- This is a randomised controlled trial in which the allocation is done at the level of the individual participant.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| First aid training with blended learning approach | Experimental | Other: First aid training with blended learning approachParticipants follow a first aid training delivered through a blended learning approach. |
| First aid training with face-to-face approach | Active comparator | Other: First aid training with face-to-face approachParticipants follow a first aid training delivered through a conventional face-to-face approach. |
| Waitlist control | No intervention | –Participants do not receive any training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adult (≥ 18 years) laypeople
- Access to a smartphone or tablet, which is able to install and run a mobile application
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Having attended a first aid training in the past
- Having an academic or professional background in the (para)medical field
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| First aid training with blended learning approachAlso: First Aid Blended Learning (FABL)The content of the first aid blended learning training is standardised and based on the 2021 edition of the Basic First Aid in Africa manual from the Belgian Red Cross, covering first aid general principles and instructions for: * emergencies (i.e. choking, unconsciousness with and without normal breathing, chest discomfort and stroke, poisoning, and severe external bleeding); * injuries (i.e. skin wounds, burns, and injuries to muscles, joints, limbs, head, neck, and back); * illnesses (i.e. fainting, fever, fits, and diarrhoea). The training consists of 2 consecutive parts: 1. First aid theory is learned independently in a mobile application followed by an online test to ob-tain an admission ticket for the subsequent in-class training; 2. First aid skills are practiced during a 1-day in-class training facilitated by a certified first aid instructor of the Rwanda Red Cross. Participants get at least 10 days to learn in the mobile application and obtain the admission ticket. | Other | First aid training with blended learning approach |
| First aid training with face-to-face approachAlso: Basic First Aid in Africa (BFA)The content of the first aid face-to-face training is standardised and based on the 2021 edition of the Basic First Aid in Africa manual from the Belgian Red Cross, covering first aid general principles and instructions for: * emergencies (i.e. choking, unconsciousness with and without normal breathing, chest discomfort and stroke, poisoning, and severe external bleeding); * injuries (i.e. skin wounds, burns, and injuries to muscles, joints, limbs, head, neck, and back); * illnesses (i.e. fainting, fever, fits, and diarrhoea). The training consists of a 3-days in-class training with lectures and practical exercises on first aid the-ory and skills, facilitated by a certified first aid instructor of the Rwanda Red Cross. | Other | First aid training with face-to-face approach |
Primary outcome
First aid knowledge
Time frame: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
20-item multiple choice questionnaire about first aid topics using a numerical scale. Possible scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores meaning a better outcome.
4 secondary outcomes
First aid skills
Time frame: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
First aid self-efficacy
Time frame: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
First aid willingness to help
Time frame: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings
Helping behaviour in the past 6 months
Time frame: Before and 6 months after the first aid trainings
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Emmy De Buck, PhD principal investigator
Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgium
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing First aid training with blended learning approach and First aid training with face-to-face approach in people with Emergencies and Injuries, run by Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgium at 1 site in Rwanda.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Rwanda. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
First aid knowledge (time frame: Before, immediately after, and 6 months after the first aid trainings). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Mar 2026.