Coaching for Coping in Glioblastoma Patients and Caregivers and Its Association With Compliance to TTFields

Patients diagnosed with a glioblastoma and their family caregivers are mainly impaired by the poor prognosis and the high symptom burden. Caregivers report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and high distress. They even may experience significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than patients themselves . Furthermore, Boele et al. showed that the overall survival in glioblastoma patients is associated with family caregivers' mastery.

In newly diagnosed glioblastoma, the EF-14 RCT demonstrated significantly prolonged survival in patients treated with TTFields compared to controls, with a median overall survival (OS) of 20.9 vs 16.0 months.

Several studies showed an important association of the daily compliance rate with OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Family caregivers' support might be associated to the patients' compliance and adequate support is required. However, so far rare supportive programs for patients and their caregivers have been established. It has been shown that delivery of supportive care via telehealth is feasible, however studies examining the effectiveness, adoption and maintenance of telehealth interventions in glioblastoma patients and family caregivers are still lacking. The aim is to improve patients' compliance to TTFields therapy by a psychological video intervention.

It is a multi-center, randomized controlled trial.

Main inclusion criteria are:

• Diagnosis of a GBM/being a GBM patient's caregiver
• Patients eligible for radiochemotherapy with TMZ and 60Gy
• Tumorboard recommendation for TTFields therapy
• Access to a computer and internet
• Absence of medical reasons precluding participation in a supportive intervention

The experimental intervention is:

Delivery of supportive care via telehealth intervention (including a brief psychological intervention and information/educational support regarding the disease, therapy and self-help options) in family caregivers and patients

The intervention encompasses six interventions (video call) for patients and caregivers.

The six sessions will be conducted by the psychologists of the coordinating center to allow homogeneous and sound implementation of the BPI. All psychologists are certified psychooncologists.

The first part of the sessions is scheduled immediately after start of radiochemotherapy (+ 2 weeks) in order to guide patients and caregivers in this important phase after first diagnose.

• First session/week 1 (+ 2 weeks) after start of radiochemotherapy: Engage and motivate patients and caregivers to participate and to develop open communication (60-90min), followed by a follow up phone call a few days later.
• Second session/week 2 (+ 2 weeks) after start of radiochemotherapy: Review of the last session and follow-up phone. Education on the techniques for optimistic attitude (including positive self-talk, positive thinking, and speaking positive). Discussion about necessity of setting achievable short-term goals in treatment process. Homework: "Write at least 3 achievable short-term goals" (45 min), followed by a follow up phone call a few days later.

The second part of the sessions is scheduled after completion of radiochemotherapy phase (+ 2 weeks) with focus in the adjuvant temozolomide therapy and TTFields therapy.

• Third session/week 7 (+ 2 weeks) after completed radiochemotherapy: Review of the last session, discussion over the phone, and homework. Providing information or advice about treatment, the TTFields therapy and medication.
• Responding to hopelessness (focusing on positive details of the clinical course, the progress which patients made since surgery, but also sharing fears, and negative thoughts). Sharing community resources (websites, hospitals, and counseling centers).
• Importance of TTFields therapy and association of daily compliance rate with prognosis, FAQ list, recommendations and practical aspects
• Homework: "Provide a list of supportive resources in your community" "Provide a list of questions to the health care professionals" (45-60min), followed by a follow up phone call a few days later.
• Fourth session/week 8 (+ 2 weeks) after completed radiochemotherapy:
• Education on the techniques for stress management (including physical activity, social contact/relationship, spending time in activity and nature (60-90 minutes) and healthy lifestyle behaviors.
• Questions regarding TTFields and chemotherapy
• Homework: "List the useful strategies to manage your stress during the treatment process of your partner", "Apply stress management techniques". (45-60min), followed by a follow up phone call a few days later.
• Fifth session/week 9 (+ 2 weeks) after completed radiochemotherapy:
• First assessment after start of TTFields therapy, evaluation of practical questions and well-being
• Education of self-care strategies (including eating well-balanced meals, permission to feel bad-schedule it in your day, permission to feel good, put off major life decisions (if it is possible), take breaks from periods of isolation, exercise - even a little bit, and let yourself cry (45-60 min).
• Sixth session/week 10 (+ 2 weeks) after completed radiochemotherapy: Feedback regarding the sessions before and planning of implementation of the learned strategies for the upcoming months. Homework: "List the strategies personally useful and what personally motivates you, learned in the last weeks"

The control condition is: Standard of care with standard access to psychosocial support in certified Neuro-Oncological Centers

Primary Outcome:

Compliance to TTFields compared in intervention and control group

Secondary Outcomes:

• Patients' health-related quality of Life (HRQoL), symptom burden, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression and its association to the intervention.
• Patient- and family caregiver-reported acceptance of intervention, patients´ acceptance of TTFields
• Adverse event of special interest: Skin irritation
• Patients' and family caregivers emotional and physical well-being,
• Correlation between endpoints to investigate dependencies of underlying concepts.
• Analysis of health utilization measures.

Optional Outcomes:

On a voluntary basis the following biosamples will be acquired for assessment of stress level and immunogenic response

• hair probes
• blood