Cardiovascular DiseasesCTMyoCNCT06029400
CT-based Myocardial Characterization (CTMyoC)
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases, run by IRCCS San Raffaele at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The identification of myocardial fibrosis in term of myocardial scar and extracellular matrix remodelling assessed respectively with the technique of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) and with the quantification of the Extracellular Volume Fraction (ECV) in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance has been demonstrated to be… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- How many people
- 2,200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 12 Oct 2020to 12 Oct 2032
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This is a monocentric observational study with a retrospective and a prospective arms. Patients will be recruited from the Radiology Department of our Institution (IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy). Written informed consent will be obtained.
Who may be able to join
- age ≥ 18 years;
- no contraindication to cCT
- signed informed consent
- clinical indication to cCT for the following reason: stable angina, heart failure, atrial/ ventricular arrhythmias, acute chest pain with need of "triple-rule-out" scan, planning of valvular repair/substitution, structural and infiltrative cardiomyopathy, new onset ECG alteration, troponin increase.
Who cannot join
- age < 18 years
- pregnancy and/or breastfeeding
- contraindications to iodinated contrast agent administration or impaired renal function (eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min);
- inability to sustain a brief breath hold (5 seconds)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Anna Palmisano contact
Italy1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
IRCCS San Raffaele
Milan
Antonio Esposito, 02 2643 6102, esposito.antonio@hsr.it
About this study
Official title: CT-based Myocardial Characterization
The identification of myocardial fibrosis in term of myocardial scar and extracellular matrix remodelling assessed respectively with the technique of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) and with the quantification of the Extracellular Volume Fraction (ECV) in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance has been demonstrated to be crucial in the diagnosis of different cardiomyopathy and to be prognosticators of major cardiovascular adverse events [1-14].
For these reason CMR represent the gold standard for the non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue in the clinical practice.
Read more
However, regardless of its indisputable clinical role, CMR has many limitations: 1) it does not allow to evaluate coronary arteries; 2) it is contraindicated in patients with cardiac devices, and in case of conditional device they may also significantly impair LGE assessability due to artefacts [19]); 2) has limited availability and it is time consuming, therefore it is difficult to perform in the acute setting also because of poor patient compliance; 3) it is not feasible in patients suffering from claustrophobia. Cardiac Computed Tomography (cCT) is the image of choice to non-invasively study coronary arteries, not assessable with CMR. Moreover the recent technological advancement has continuously increased the clinical indication to the evaluation of cardiac valve and fibrosis, with reduced acquisition time respect to CMR (few minutes vs 1 hour), radiation exposure and costs.
cCT has emerging as a possible alternative to CMR in the characterization of myocardial scar and extracellular volume fraction, with the advantage of a single shot evaluation of coronary arteries and myocardial tissue remodelling (scar, diffuse fibrosis, contractility..).In particular, several studies including some from our group, have demonstrated the clinical utility of myocardial tissue characterization with cCT in different clinical settings, such as myocardial infarction [20, 21], myocarditis [22], hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [23], heart failure [24], ventricular tachycardia [25], and sarcoidosis [26]. Despite the interesting results, all these previous studies are limited on highly selected and small sample size. Moreover, any large study with long term follow-up is available in the setting of tissue characterization (myocardial scar and ECV) in cCT also as well as combined with a multiparametric approach (cardiac chamber morphofuntionality,contractility-strain, valve calcification, geometry, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial perfusion, myocardial strain and texture) and no data are available about its prognostic impact. Aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of cCT in tissue characterization (myocardial scar and ECV) alone and associate to other CT imaging biomarker on a large population of patient clinically candidate to cardiac CT.
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiovascular Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Retrospective cohort | The retrospective arm of the study will include 200 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who have received a cardiac CT from January 2013 to date of approval amendment. (2013 was chosen as starting year to retrieve CT and clinical date in order to have at least 5 years of follow-up per patients). | |
| Prospective cohort | The prospective arm of the study will include 2000 consecutive patients meeting the inclusion criteria, candidate to cardiac CT along the 7 years after date of approval. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Composite outcome
first hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or death (all-cause mortality).
Measured: 60 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Sep 2023
- Study start12 Oct 2020
- Primary completion12 Oct 2032 (estimated)
- Study completion12 Oct 2032 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (32)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiovascular DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by IRCCS San RaffaeleThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 2,200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- IRCCS San Raffaele
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Antonio Esposito, IRCCS San Raffaele
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06029400
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CTMyoC
- Acronym
- CTMyoC
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 1 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 15 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Feb 22;57(8):891-903. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.013.
PubMed 21329834Kuruvilla S, Adenaw N, Katwal AB, Lipinski MJ, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Mar;7(2):250-258. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.001144. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
PubMed 24363358Mavrogeni S, Petrou E, Kolovou G, Theodorakis G, Iliodromitis E. Prediction of ventricular arrhythmias using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Jun;14(6):518-25. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jes302. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
PubMed 23324829Weng Z, Yao J, Chan RH, He J, Yang X, Zhou Y, He Y. Prognostic Value of LGE-CMR in HCM: A Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Dec;9(12):1392-1402. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.031. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
PubMed 27450876Haaf P, Garg P, Messroghli DR, Broadbent DA, Greenwood JP, Plein S. Cardiac T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2016 Nov 30;18(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12968-016-0308-4.
PubMed 27899132Bulluck H, Hammond-Haley M, Fontana M, Knight DS, Sirker A, Herrey AS, Manisty C, Kellman P, Moon JC, Hausenloy DJ. Quantification of both the area-at-risk and acute myocardial infarct size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using T1-mapping. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017 Aug 1;19(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12968-017-0370-6.
PubMed 28764773Youn JC, Hong YJ, Lee HJ, Han K, Shim CY, Hong GR, Suh YJ, Hur J, Kim YJ, Choi BW, Kang SM. Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping-based extracellular volume fraction independently predicts clinical outcome in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective cohort study. Eur Radiol. 2017 Sep;27(9):3924-3933. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-4817-9. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
PubMed 28439651Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Ntusi N, Holloway C, Choudhury RP, Kardos A, Robson MD, Friedrich MG, Neubauer S. T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Oct;6(10):1048-1058. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
PubMed 24011774Hinojar R, Varma N, Child N, Goodman B, Jabbour A, Yu CY, Gebker R, Doltra A, Kelle S, Khan S, Rogers T, Arroyo Ucar E, Cummins C, Carr-White G, Nagel E, Puntmann VO. T1 Mapping in Discrimination of Hypertrophic Phenotypes: Hypertensive Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Findings From the International T1 Multicenter Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Dec;8(12):e003285. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003285.
PubMed 26659373Puntmann VO, Isted A, Hinojar R, Foote L, Carr-White G, Nagel E. T1 and T2 Mapping in Recognition of Early Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis. Radiology. 2017 Oct;285(1):63-72. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017162732. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
PubMed 28448233Martinez-Naharro A, Kotecha T, Norrington K, Boldrini M, Rezk T, Quarta C, Treibel TA, Whelan CJ, Knight DS, Kellman P, Ruberg FL, Gillmore JD, Moon JC, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. Native T1 and Extracellular Volume in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 May;12(5):810-819. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
PubMed 29550324Karur GR, Robison S, Iwanochko RM, Morel CF, Crean AM, Thavendiranathan P, Nguyen ET, Mathur S, Wasim S, Hanneman K. Use of Myocardial T1 Mapping at 3.0 T to Differentiate Anderson-Fabry Disease from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Radiology. 2018 Aug;288(2):398-406. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018172613. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
PubMed 29688154Neilan TG, Coelho-Filho OR, Shah RV, Feng JH, Pena-Herrera D, Mandry D, Pierre-Mongeon F, Heydari B, Francis SA, Moslehi J, Kwong RY, Jerosch-Herold M. Myocardial extracellular volume by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Am J Cardiol. 2013 Mar 1;111(5):717-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.11.022. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
PubMed 23228924Treibel TA, Fridman Y, Bering P, Sayeed A, Maanja M, Frojdh F, Niklasson L, Olausson E, Wong TC, Kellman P, Miller CA, Moon JC, Ugander M, Schelbert EB. Extracellular Volume Associates With Outcomes More Strongly Than Native or Post-Contrast Myocardial T1. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 Jan;13(1 Pt 1):44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.03.017. Epub 2019 May 15.
PubMed 31103587Barone-Rochette G, Pierard S, De Meester de Ravenstein C, Seldrum S, Melchior J, Maes F, Pouleur AC, Vancraeynest D, Pasquet A, Vanoverschelde JL, Gerber BL. Prognostic significance of LGE by CMR in aortic stenosis patients undergoing valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul 15;64(2):144-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.612.
PubMed 25011718
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- CT-based Myocardial Characterization
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06029400
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CTMyoC / CTMyoC
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 2,200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- IRCCS San RaffaeleUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Oct 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Oct 2032 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 12 Oct 2032 (estimated)
- First posted
- 8 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The identification of myocardial fibrosis in term of myocardial scar and extracellular matrix remodelling assessed respectively with the technique of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) and with the quantification of the Extracellular Volume Fraction (ECV) in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance has been demonstrated to be crucial in the diagnosis of different cardiomyopathy and to be prognosticators of major cardiovascular adverse events [1-14].
For these reason CMR represent the gold standard for the non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue in the clinical practice.
However, regardless of its indisputable clinical role, CMR has many limitations: 1) it does not allow to evaluate coronary arteries; 2) it is contraindicated in patients with cardiac devices, and in case of conditional device they may also significantly impair LGE assessability due to artefacts [19]); 2) has limited availability and it is time consuming, therefore it is difficult to perform in the acute setting also because of poor patient compliance; 3) it is not feasible in patients suffering from claustrophobia. Cardiac Computed Tomography (cCT) is the image of choice to non-invasively study coronary arteries, not assessable with CMR. Moreover the recent technological advancement has continuously increased the clinical indication to the evaluation of cardiac valve and fibrosis, with reduced acquisition time respect to CMR (few minutes vs 1 hour), radiation exposure and costs.
cCT has emerging as a possible alternative to CMR in the characterization of myocardial scar and extracellular volume fraction, with the advantage of a single shot evaluation of coronary arteries and myocardial tissue remodelling (scar, diffuse fibrosis, contractility..).In particular, several studies including some from our group, have demonstrated the clinical utility of myocardial tissue characterization with cCT in different clinical settings, such as myocardial infarction [20, 21], myocarditis [22], hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [23], heart failure [24], ventricular tachycardia [25], and sarcoidosis [26]. Despite the interesting results, all these previous studies are limited on highly selected and small sample size. Moreover, any large study with long term follow-up is available in the setting of tissue characterization (myocardial scar and ECV) in cCT also as well as combined with a multiparametric approach (cardiac chamber morphofuntionality,contractility-strain, valve calcification, geometry, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial perfusion, myocardial strain and texture) and no data are available about its prognostic impact. Aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of cCT in tissue characterization (myocardial scar and ECV) alone and associate to other CT imaging biomarker on a large population of patient clinically candidate to cardiac CT.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Other
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Retrospective cohort | – | –The retrospective arm of the study will include 200 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who have received a cardiac CT from January 2013 to date of approval amendment. (2013 was chosen as starting year to retrieve CT and clinical date in order to have at least 5 years of follow-up per patients). |
| Prospective cohort | – | –The prospective arm of the study will include 2000 consecutive patients meeting the inclusion criteria, candidate to cardiac CT along the 7 years after date of approval. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This is a monocentric observational study with a retrospective and a prospective arms. Patients will be recruited from the Radiology Department of our Institution (IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy). Written informed consent will be obtained.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- age ≥ 18 years;
- no contraindication to cCT
- signed informed consent
- clinical indication to cCT for the following reason: stable angina, heart failure, atrial/ ventricular arrhythmias, acute chest pain with need of "triple-rule-out" scan, planning of valvular repair/substitution, structural and infiltrative cardiomyopathy, new onset ECG alteration, troponin increase.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- age < 18 years
- pregnancy and/or breastfeeding
- contraindications to iodinated contrast agent administration or impaired renal function (eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min);
- inability to sustain a brief breath hold (5 seconds)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Composite outcome
Time frame: 60 months
first hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or death (all-cause mortality).
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 21329834Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Feb 22;57(8):891-903. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.013.
- Background: PubMed 24363358Kuruvilla S, Adenaw N, Katwal AB, Lipinski MJ, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Mar;7(2):250-258. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.001144. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
- Background: PubMed 23324829Mavrogeni S, Petrou E, Kolovou G, Theodorakis G, Iliodromitis E. Prediction of ventricular arrhythmias using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Jun;14(6):518-25. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jes302. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
- Background: PubMed 27450876Weng Z, Yao J, Chan RH, He J, Yang X, Zhou Y, He Y. Prognostic Value of LGE-CMR in HCM: A Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Dec;9(12):1392-1402. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.031. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
- Background: PubMed 27899132Haaf P, Garg P, Messroghli DR, Broadbent DA, Greenwood JP, Plein S. Cardiac T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2016 Nov 30;18(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12968-016-0308-4.
- Background: PubMed 28764773Bulluck H, Hammond-Haley M, Fontana M, Knight DS, Sirker A, Herrey AS, Manisty C, Kellman P, Moon JC, Hausenloy DJ. Quantification of both the area-at-risk and acute myocardial infarct size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using T1-mapping. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017 Aug 1;19(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12968-017-0370-6.
- Background: PubMed 28439651Youn JC, Hong YJ, Lee HJ, Han K, Shim CY, Hong GR, Suh YJ, Hur J, Kim YJ, Choi BW, Kang SM. Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping-based extracellular volume fraction independently predicts clinical outcome in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective cohort study. Eur Radiol. 2017 Sep;27(9):3924-3933. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-4817-9. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
- Background: PubMed 24011774Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Ntusi N, Holloway C, Choudhury RP, Kardos A, Robson MD, Friedrich MG, Neubauer S. T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Oct;6(10):1048-1058. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
- Background: PubMed 26659373Hinojar R, Varma N, Child N, Goodman B, Jabbour A, Yu CY, Gebker R, Doltra A, Kelle S, Khan S, Rogers T, Arroyo Ucar E, Cummins C, Carr-White G, Nagel E, Puntmann VO. T1 Mapping in Discrimination of Hypertrophic Phenotypes: Hypertensive Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Findings From the International T1 Multicenter Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Dec;8(12):e003285. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003285.
- Background: PubMed 28448233Puntmann VO, Isted A, Hinojar R, Foote L, Carr-White G, Nagel E. T1 and T2 Mapping in Recognition of Early Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis. Radiology. 2017 Oct;285(1):63-72. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017162732. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
- Background: PubMed 29550324Martinez-Naharro A, Kotecha T, Norrington K, Boldrini M, Rezk T, Quarta C, Treibel TA, Whelan CJ, Knight DS, Kellman P, Ruberg FL, Gillmore JD, Moon JC, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. Native T1 and Extracellular Volume in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 May;12(5):810-819. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
- Background: PubMed 29688154Karur GR, Robison S, Iwanochko RM, Morel CF, Crean AM, Thavendiranathan P, Nguyen ET, Mathur S, Wasim S, Hanneman K. Use of Myocardial T1 Mapping at 3.0 T to Differentiate Anderson-Fabry Disease from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Radiology. 2018 Aug;288(2):398-406. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018172613. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Anna Palmisano contact
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Cardiovascular Diseases, run by IRCCS San Raffaele at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Antonio Esposito (02 2643 6102, esposito.antonio@hsr.it), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Composite outcome (time frame: 60 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06029400, which also lists 32 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jan 2026.