Postsurgical IleusNCT06029790
The Effect of Chewing Gum on Nausea, Vomiting and Bowel Function After Colorectal Surgery
A study testing gum chewing in people with Postsurgical Ileus, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
False feeding refers to promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis by seeing, smelling, chewing, and tasting food, not getting food into the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative sham feeding uses gum to promote the healing of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Postsurgical Ileus
- What is being tested?
- gum chewing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Jan 2024to 19 Aug 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- To have applied for elective colorectal surgery,
- Having undergone laparoscopic colorectal surgery,
- Not having a nasogastric insertion,
- Not having a vision-hearing problem,
- ECOG performance score to be between 0-2,
Who cannot join
- Performing emergency surgical intervention,
- Open colorectal surgery
- Need for intensive care after surgery,
- Stoma has been opened
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Chewing Gum on Nausea, Vomiting and Bowel Functions After Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study
False feeding refers to promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis by seeing, smelling, chewing, and tasting food, not getting food into the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative sham feeding uses gum to promote the healing of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Although not fully understood, the physiological theory underlying gum chewing (fake feeding) to stimulate peristalsis and reduce postoperative intestinal recovery time is that the oral and chewing stimulation provided by chewing gum stimulates a neurohumoral reflex that increases gastrointestinal fluid secretion. This increases gastrointestinal motility. In addition, oral stimulation and chewing can stimulate the vagus nerve, which is also involved in promoting peristalsis. Finally, none of the existing theories adequately explain the effect of chewing/gum chewing on reducing postoperative inflammation in the gut, which may result in a reduced incidence of postoperative infection. In previous studies, physiological changes associated with gum appear to promote normal gastrointestinal function and subsequent postoperative/anesthetic recovery. Although many studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of chewing gum in patients undergoing colorectal resection, the results have been inconsistent. This can be attributed to differences in intestinal injuries affecting bowel function, differences in time under anesthesia and differences in anesthetics or pain control agents used for pain control affecting bowel function, and recovery time of peristalsis. Given the many factors known to affect postoperative ileus, chewing gum as an intervention remains a safe, accessible, and inexpensive option that remains to be explored.
Read the detailed description
False feeding refers to promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis by seeing, smelling, chewing and tasting food, not getting food into the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative sham feeding uses gum to promote healing of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Although not fully understood, the physiological theory underlying gum chewing (fake feeding) to stimulate peristalsis and reduce postoperative intestinal recovery time is that the oral and chewing stimulation provided by chewing gum stimulates a neurohumoral reflex that increases gastrointestinal fluid secretion. This increases gastrointestinal motility. In addition, oral stimulation and chewing can stimulate the vagus nerve, which is also involved in promoting peristalsis. Finally, none of the existing theories adequately explain the effect of chewing/gum chewing on reducing postoperative inflammation in the gut, which may result in a reduced incidence of postoperative infection. Previous studies have shown that physiological changes associated with gum support normal gastrointestinal function and subsequent postoperative/anesthetic recovery.
Some studies have shown that chewing gum after colorectal resection reduces postoperative flatulence and defecation time. showed that it reduces the risk of postoperative ileus. In contrast, some studies in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery or laparoscopy for various types of colorectal resection have shown no effect of chewing gum on postoperative first flatulence and time to defecation, has no significant effect in reducing the average hospital stay and has no significant effect in preventing postoperative nausea, vomiting, or bloating.
One possible reason for the inconsistent results of sham feeding using chewing gum to reduce the incidence of postoperative ileus may be differences in underlying colorectal cancer types and heterogeneity between surgical and postoperative care methods.
Although many studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of chewing gum in patients undergoing colorectal resection, the results have been inconsistent. This can be attributed to differences in intestinal injuries affecting bowel function, differences in time under anesthesia differences in anesthetics or pain control agents used for pain control affecting bowel function, and recovery time of peristalsis. Given the many factors known to affect postoperative ileus, chewing gum as an intervention remains a safe, accessible, and inexpensive option that remains to be explored. This study will provide empirical evidence that contributes to a body of literature supporting gum administration for affecting postoperative nausea, flatulence, and stool output in a well-defined sample.
Many interventions and strategies have been used to manage postoperative ileus, such as prokinetic agents and epidural anesthesia. However, these methods have limited efficacy and still have a relatively high incidence of postoperative ileus. Alternatively, chewing gum promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis in post-surgery patients without the adverse effects associated with early feeding. However, results in studies investigating the effect of chewing gum on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function after colorectal surgery are conflicting.
- Conditions
- Postsurgical Ileus
- Being tested
- gum chewing
- Keywords
- postsurgical ileus, chewing gum, colorectal surgery
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
gum chewingOther
For the patients in the experimental group, sugar-free xylitol gum containing 1.2-1.37 grams of xylitol per piece, available in the market, will be used. Participants in the experimental group will start chewing gum on the first postoperative day and will be allowed to chew a single piece of gum 3 times a day at 9:00, 14:00 and 19:00, respectively, for 15 minutes. The gum will be given to the participants regularly by a researcher until the first reported flatulence.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| gum chewing | Experimental | All participants will receive standard postoperative care, 2 L/min of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation is below 95%. In addition, participants will be encouraged to use the incentive spirometer 10 times per hour to prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia. In the postoperative period, all participants will be removed from bed and mobilized as soon as possible.
For the patients in the experimental group, sugar-free xylitol gum containing 1.2-1.37 grams of xylitol per piece, available in the market, will be used. Participants in the experimental group will start chewing gum on the first postoperative day and will be allowed to chew a single piece of gum 3 times a day at 9:00, 14:00 and 19:00, respectively, for 15 minutes. The gum will be given to the participants regularly by a researcher until the first reported flatulence. Receives: Other: gum chewing |
| control group | No intervention | All participants will receive standard postoperative care, 2 L/min of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation is below 95%. In addition, participants will be encouraged to use the incentive spirometer 10 times per hour to prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia. In the postoperative period, all participants will be removed from bed and mobilized as soon as possible. The control group will receive only standard care. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
prevention of postoperative ileus
The first postoperative gas removal time and the first postoperative stool removal time will be questioned by the researcher. There is no standard scale for this.
Measured: 72 hours
Prevention of nausea-vomiting.
Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form. In our study, PONV status will be evaluated as "Yes/No" at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours using the Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form.
Measured: 72 saat
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Sep 2023
- Study start10 Jan 2024
- Primary completion20 Jun 2024
- Study completion19 Aug 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Postsurgical IleusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cukurova UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study was planned as a prospective, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled study.
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tarsus University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Derya Gezer, Tarsus University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06029790
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CRC
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Aug 2023
- Last updated
- 16 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Results on the effects of chewing gum on nausea, vomiting and bowel functions after colorectal surgery will be shared. However, personal information will not be shared.
Publications
van den Heijkant TC, Costes LM, van der Lee DG, Aerts B, Osinga-de Jong M, Rutten HR, Hulsewe KW, de Jonge WJ, Buurman WA, Luyer MD. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of gum chewing on postoperative ileus and inflammation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2015 Feb;102(3):202-11. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9691. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
PubMed 25524125Yang P, Long WJ, Wei L. Chewing Xylitol Gum could Accelerate Bowel motility Recovery after Elective Open Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer. Rev Invest Clin. 2018;70(1):53-58. doi: 10.24875/RIC.18002428.
PubMed 29513303Liu Q, Jiang H, Xu D, Jin J. Effect of gum chewing on ameliorating ileus following colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2017 Nov;47:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.07.107. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
PubMed 28867465Hsu YC, Szu SY. Effects of Gum Chewing on Recovery From Postoperative Ileus: A Randomized Clinical Trail. J Nurs Res. 2022 Oct 1;30(5):e233. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000510.
PubMed 35951432Lee JT, Hsieh MH, Cheng PJ, Lin JR. The Role of Xylitol Gum Chewing in Restoring Postoperative Bowel Activity After Cesarean Section. Biol Res Nurs. 2016 Mar;18(2):167-72. doi: 10.1177/1099800415592966. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
PubMed 26156002Forrester DA, Doyle-Munoz J, McTigue T, D'Andrea S, Natale-Ryan A. The efficacy of gum chewing in reducing postoperative ileus: a multisite randomized controlled trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2014 May-Jun;41(3):227-32. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000019.
PubMed 24621587Kobayashi T, Masaki T, Kogawa K, Matsuoka H, Sugiyama M. Efficacy of Gum Chewing on Bowel Movement After Open Colectomy for Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015 Nov;58(11):1058-63. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000452.
PubMed 26445178Suh SY, Leblanc TW, Shelby RA, Samsa GP, Abernethy AP. Longitudinal patient-reported performance status assessment in the cancer clinic is feasible and prognostic. J Oncol Pract. 2011 Nov;7(6):374-81. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2011.000434.
PubMed 22379420Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982 Dec;5(6):649-55. No abstract available.
PubMed 7165009Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999 Sep;91(3):693-700. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022.
PubMed 10485781Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, Rockall TA, Young-Fadok TM, Hill AG, Soop M, de Boer HD, Urman RD, Chang GJ, Fichera A, Kessler H, Grass F, Whang EE, Fawcett WJ, Carli F, Lobo DN, Rollins KE, Balfour A, Baldini G, Riedel B, Ljungqvist O. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.
PubMed 30426190Gezer D, Alptekin D, Yalav O, Eray IC. Effect of gum chewing on the return of bowel sounds, time to first flatus, and defecation after colorectal cancer surgery: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2025 Dec;79:103039. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2025.103039. Epub 2025 Nov 7.
PubMed 41232231
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Chewing Gum on Nausea, Vomiting and Bowel Functions After Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06029790
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CRC
- Conditions
- Postsurgical Ileus
- Keywords
- postsurgical ileus, chewing gum, colorectal surgery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tarsus University
- Study start
- 10 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 19 Aug 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
False feeding refers to promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis by seeing, smelling, chewing, and tasting food, not getting food into the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative sham feeding uses gum to promote the healing of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Although not fully understood, the physiological theory underlying gum chewing (fake feeding) to stimulate peristalsis and reduce postoperative intestinal recovery time is that the oral and chewing stimulation provided by chewing gum stimulates a neurohumoral reflex that increases gastrointestinal fluid secretion. This increases gastrointestinal motility. In addition, oral stimulation and chewing can stimulate the vagus nerve, which is also involved in promoting peristalsis. Finally, none of the existing theories adequately explain the effect of chewing/gum chewing on reducing postoperative inflammation in the gut, which may result in a reduced incidence of postoperative infection. In previous studies, physiological changes associated with gum appear to promote normal gastrointestinal function and subsequent postoperative/anesthetic recovery. Although many studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of chewing gum in patients undergoing colorectal resection, the results have been inconsistent. This can be attributed to differences in intestinal injuries affecting bowel function, differences in time under anesthesia and differences in anesthetics or pain control agents used for pain control affecting bowel function, and recovery time of peristalsis. Given the many factors known to affect postoperative ileus, chewing gum as an intervention remains a safe, accessible, and inexpensive option that remains to be explored.
Detailed description
False feeding refers to promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis by seeing, smelling, chewing and tasting food, not getting food into the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative sham feeding uses gum to promote healing of gastrointestinal peristalsis. Although not fully understood, the physiological theory underlying gum chewing (fake feeding) to stimulate peristalsis and reduce postoperative intestinal recovery time is that the oral and chewing stimulation provided by chewing gum stimulates a neurohumoral reflex that increases gastrointestinal fluid secretion. This increases gastrointestinal motility. In addition, oral stimulation and chewing can stimulate the vagus nerve, which is also involved in promoting peristalsis. Finally, none of the existing theories adequately explain the effect of chewing/gum chewing on reducing postoperative inflammation in the gut, which may result in a reduced incidence of postoperative infection. Previous studies have shown that physiological changes associated with gum support normal gastrointestinal function and subsequent postoperative/anesthetic recovery.
Some studies have shown that chewing gum after colorectal resection reduces postoperative flatulence and defecation time. showed that it reduces the risk of postoperative ileus. In contrast, some studies in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery or laparoscopy for various types of colorectal resection have shown no effect of chewing gum on postoperative first flatulence and time to defecation, has no significant effect in reducing the average hospital stay and has no significant effect in preventing postoperative nausea, vomiting, or bloating.
One possible reason for the inconsistent results of sham feeding using chewing gum to reduce the incidence of postoperative ileus may be differences in underlying colorectal cancer types and heterogeneity between surgical and postoperative care methods.
Although many studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of chewing gum in patients undergoing colorectal resection, the results have been inconsistent. This can be attributed to differences in intestinal injuries affecting bowel function, differences in time under anesthesia differences in anesthetics or pain control agents used for pain control affecting bowel function, and recovery time of peristalsis. Given the many factors known to affect postoperative ileus, chewing gum as an intervention remains a safe, accessible, and inexpensive option that remains to be explored. This study will provide empirical evidence that contributes to a body of literature supporting gum administration for affecting postoperative nausea, flatulence, and stool output in a well-defined sample.
Many interventions and strategies have been used to manage postoperative ileus, such as prokinetic agents and epidural anesthesia. However, these methods have limited efficacy and still have a relatively high incidence of postoperative ileus. Alternatively, chewing gum promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis in post-surgery patients without the adverse effects associated with early feeding. However, results in studies investigating the effect of chewing gum on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function after colorectal surgery are conflicting.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study was planned as a prospective, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| gum chewing | Experimental | Other: gum chewingAll participants will receive standard postoperative care, 2 L/min of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation is below 95%. In addition, participants will be encouraged to use the incentive spirometer 10 times per hour to prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia. In the postoperative period, all participants will be removed from bed and mobilized as soon as possible. For the patients in the experimental group, sugar-free xylitol gum containing 1.2-1.37 grams of xylitol per piece, available in the market, will be used. Participants in the experimental group will start chewing gum on the first postoperative day and will be allowed to chew a single piece of gum 3 times a day at 9:00, 14:00 and 19:00, respectively, for 15 minutes. The gum will be given to the participants regularly by a researcher until the first reported flatulence. |
| control group | No intervention | –All participants will receive standard postoperative care, 2 L/min of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation is below 95%. In addition, participants will be encouraged to use the incentive spirometer 10 times per hour to prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia. In the postoperative period, all participants will be removed from bed and mobilized as soon as possible. The control group will receive only standard care. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- To have applied for elective colorectal surgery,
- Having undergone laparoscopic colorectal surgery,
- Not having a nasogastric insertion,
- Not having a vision-hearing problem,
- ECOG performance score to be between 0-2,
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Performing emergency surgical intervention,
- Open colorectal surgery
- Need for intensive care after surgery,
- Stoma has been opened
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| gum chewingFor the patients in the experimental group, sugar-free xylitol gum containing 1.2-1.37 grams of xylitol per piece, available in the market, will be used. Participants in the experimental group will start chewing gum on the first postoperative day and will be allowed to chew a single piece of gum 3 times a day at 9:00, 14:00 and 19:00, respectively, for 15 minutes. The gum will be given to the participants regularly by a researcher until the first reported flatulence. | Other | gum chewing |
Primary outcome
prevention of postoperative ileus
Time frame: 72 hours
The first postoperative gas removal time and the first postoperative stool removal time will be questioned by the researcher. There is no standard scale for this.
Prevention of nausea-vomiting.
Time frame: 72 saat
Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form. In our study, PONV status will be evaluated as "Yes/No" at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours using the Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 25524125van den Heijkant TC, Costes LM, van der Lee DG, Aerts B, Osinga-de Jong M, Rutten HR, Hulsewe KW, de Jonge WJ, Buurman WA, Luyer MD. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of gum chewing on postoperative ileus and inflammation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2015 Feb;102(3):202-11. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9691. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
- Background: PubMed 29513303Yang P, Long WJ, Wei L. Chewing Xylitol Gum could Accelerate Bowel motility Recovery after Elective Open Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer. Rev Invest Clin. 2018;70(1):53-58. doi: 10.24875/RIC.18002428.
- Background: PubMed 28867465Liu Q, Jiang H, Xu D, Jin J. Effect of gum chewing on ameliorating ileus following colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2017 Nov;47:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.07.107. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
- Background: PubMed 35951432Hsu YC, Szu SY. Effects of Gum Chewing on Recovery From Postoperative Ileus: A Randomized Clinical Trail. J Nurs Res. 2022 Oct 1;30(5):e233. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000510.
- Background: PubMed 26156002Lee JT, Hsieh MH, Cheng PJ, Lin JR. The Role of Xylitol Gum Chewing in Restoring Postoperative Bowel Activity After Cesarean Section. Biol Res Nurs. 2016 Mar;18(2):167-72. doi: 10.1177/1099800415592966. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
- Background: PubMed 24621587Forrester DA, Doyle-Munoz J, McTigue T, D'Andrea S, Natale-Ryan A. The efficacy of gum chewing in reducing postoperative ileus: a multisite randomized controlled trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2014 May-Jun;41(3):227-32. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000019.
- Background: PubMed 26445178Kobayashi T, Masaki T, Kogawa K, Matsuoka H, Sugiyama M. Efficacy of Gum Chewing on Bowel Movement After Open Colectomy for Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015 Nov;58(11):1058-63. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000452.
- Background: PubMed 22379420Suh SY, Leblanc TW, Shelby RA, Samsa GP, Abernethy AP. Longitudinal patient-reported performance status assessment in the cancer clinic is feasible and prognostic. J Oncol Pract. 2011 Nov;7(6):374-81. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2011.000434.
- Background: PubMed 7165009Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982 Dec;5(6):649-55. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 10485781Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999 Sep;91(3):693-700. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022.
- Background: PubMed 30426190Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, Rockall TA, Young-Fadok TM, Hill AG, Soop M, de Boer HD, Urman RD, Chang GJ, Fichera A, Kessler H, Grass F, Whang EE, Fawcett WJ, Carli F, Lobo DN, Rollins KE, Balfour A, Baldini G, Riedel B, Ljungqvist O. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41232231Gezer D, Alptekin D, Yalav O, Eray IC. Effect of gum chewing on the return of bowel sounds, time to first flatus, and defecation after colorectal cancer surgery: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2025 Dec;79:103039. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2025.103039. Epub 2025 Nov 7.
- Chewing gum for postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: A systematic review of overlapping meta-analysesLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Results on the effects of chewing gum on nausea, vomiting and bowel functions after colorectal surgery will be shared. However, personal information will not be shared.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing gum chewing in people with Postsurgical Ileus, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
prevention of postoperative ileus (time frame: 72 hours). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06029790, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Mar 2026.