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BronchiolitisNCT06053684

Non-Invasive Ventilation Versus Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis

A study testing Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation and Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation in people with Bronchiolitis, run by Montefiore Medical Center at 1 site in United States.

Suspended

Paused. Enrolment is on hold for now and may resume.

Official record
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Trial summary

This project aims to answer whether the use of a Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance mode for non-invasive ventilation in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis results in improved comfort and reduced escalations in therapy (including intubation) when compared to using a standard mode of non-invasive ventilation. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 0 to 2 years
Conditions the study is for
Bronchiolitis
What is being tested?
Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation and Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation
Type of treatment
Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
130 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
18 Dec 2023to Dec 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 0 to 2 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • Patients under the age of two years old with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis presenting to the pediatric ICU
  • Patient's provider believes there is equipoise between the use of NAVA or conventional non-invasive ventilation for the patient

Who cannot join

  • Patients unable to utilize a nasogastric tube
  • Patients with a diagnosis of chronic lung disease, cyanotic heart lesions, or congestive heart failure
  • Patients with hypotonia
  • Patients likely to require imminent intubation: >0.60 Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2); Carbon Dioxide (CO2) > 60, frequent apneas, clinician determines patient unlikely to tolerate non-invasive modality)
  • Patients with hemodynamic instability, defined as the need for vasoactive medication

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Children's Hospital at Montefiore

    The Bronx, New York, 10467

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Comparison of Conventional Non-Invasive Ventilation and Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Ventilation for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis

This project aims to answer whether the use of a Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance mode for non-invasive ventilation in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis results in improved comfort and reduced escalations in therapy (including intubation) when compared to using a standard mode of non-invasive ventilation. Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) has been shown to result in greater synchrony then the standard mode of non-invasive ventilation. The study team hypothesizes that this improved synchrony can result in important clinical improvements when NAVA is used to treat children with bronchiolitis.

Read the detailed description

Bronchiolitis is a common diagnosis in pediatric hospitals and critical care units. Viral infection in younger patients often results in increased work of breathing, hypoxemia, impaired ventilation, and increased secretion burden. In some cases, treatment of severe respiratory failure includes intubation and mechanical ventilation. Current practice for patients with bronchiolitis who require hospital admission is to initially provide non-invasive ventilation to improve the patient's respiratory mechanics. This non-invasive respiratory support can range from simple nasal cannula, to high-flow nasal cannula, to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.

The high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provides warm, humidified, oxygen-enriched air. Therapy commonly is prescribed with a prescribed fraction of inhaled oxygen (FiO2) delivered at 1-2 L/kg/min. This helps to improve oxygenation as the high rate of flow can "wash-out" carbon dioxide in the upper airways and thus reduce the volume of dead space ventilation.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) essentially provides a similar method of support as invasive ventilation without the use of endotracheal tube. Prescribed airway support is instead delivered non-invasively through a specialized nasal cannula or for larger children an occlusive facemask of appropriate size. The ventilator provides positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) with a prescribed delivery rate of a set inspiratory pressure (positive inspiratory pressure, or pressure control). This ventilator support enables the delivery of a set FiO2, helps maintain open airways to reduce atelectasis and allow for improved oxygenation with better V/Q matching, and improves work of breathing. The ventilator analyzes the flow generated by the patient's inspiratory effort and attempts to provide the prescribed positive inspiratory pressure at the time of the patient's own effort.

One of the major drawbacks of non-invasive ventilation for young pediatric patients with bronchiolitis is the difficulty in achieving synchrony between patient effort and ventilator-delivered positive inspiratory pressure. This is secondary to the large air leak given the non-invasive apparatus and the low inspiratory flows generated by this patient population. Thus, the ventilator and patient are often dyssynchronous which may actually increase work of breathing and agitation while impeding on the ventilatory support provided.

Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) attempts to mitigate the harms of ventilator/patient dyssynchrony. This modality utilizes a specialized catheter placed into the esophagus, often via a nasogastric route, which has the capability of monitoring the electrical activity of the patient's diaphragm. This catheter can also be utilized to deliver feeds similarly to a basic nasogastric tube. The NAVA catheter monitors both the activation of the patient's diaphragm (indicating patient respiratory effort) and the strength of this activation in, referred to as the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) and measured in millivolts (µV). Both human and animal studies have positively correlated the peak Edi values with work-of-breathing and demonstrated higher Edi values when respiratory pathology is present . Based on the Edi tracing, the ventilator can then deliver positive inspiratory pressure that is synchronous with both the patient's respiratory effort and proportional to the strength of this effort through a multiplier referred to as the NAVA level on the ventilator. This modality has been shown to improve patient agitation levels, reduce the need for sedating medications, and enhance synchrony in non-invasive ventilation modes.

The current practice model of the investigators entails that patients with bronchiolitis who require more than 1.5 L/kg of HFNC or require non-invasive ventilation, whether via a conventional or NAVA modality, are managed in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Both modalities for non-invasive ventilation (conventional and NAVA) are used routinely. Patient respiratory status is aggregated into a value known as the Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) which accounts for respiratory rate, dyspnea, retractions, and auscultatory findings adjusted for the age of the patient. The RSS value is a validated assessment tool with good interobserver reliability between Medical Doctors (MDs), Registered Nurses (RNs), and Respiratory Therapists (RTs). It is calculated on a 4-hour basis for all patients with bronchiolitis in the investigator's PICU and helps determine clinical improvement or deterioration and better guide decisions to increase or decrease support.

While multiple physiologic studies demonstrate a reduced work of breathing with invasive NAVA ventilation, the majority of pediatric studies focused on non-invasive NAVA ventilation were designed to determine improvements in patient/ventilator synchronization. The investigators' project aims are two-fold. The study team hypothesizes that Edi levels and RSS scores will positively correlate for patients with bronchiolitis, allowing for another metric to gauge clinical status. The investigators also hypothesizes that the improved synchronization on NAVA-NIV may improve respiratory status as measured by RSS scores and Edi levels, reduce further escalations in respiratory support, shorten the length of non-invasive ventilation required, and reduce intubation rates. This improvement will be more substantial when transitioning from HFNC to NAVA-NIV compared to transitioning to conventional-NIV.

Conditions
Bronchiolitis
Being tested
Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation, Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation
Medical subject headings
Bronchiolitis

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo VentilationDevice

    The active comparator arm will utilize a standard non-invasive mode to provide ventilation support

  • Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo VentilationDevice

    The experimental arm will utilize a NAVA mode to provide non-invasive ventilation support

Study groups in NCT06053684
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation ArmActive comparatorThis arm will utilize a standard mode of non-invasive ventilation within protocol parameters.
Receives: Device: Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation
Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation ArmExperimentalThis arm with utilize a NAVA mode of non-invasive ventilation within protocol parameters.
Receives: Device: Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Baseline Respiratory Severity Score (RSS)

    RSS is a validated measure of severity in children with bronchiolitis, scored from 0-12 with higher numbers indicating greater severity. If able, baseline scores will be taken before randomization to either treatment arm.

    Measured: Approximately one hour after Edi catheter placement

  2. Average Respiratory Severity Score (RSS)

    RSS is a validated measure of severity in children with bronchiolitis, scored from 0-12 with higher numbers indicating greater severity. Average RSS values over a 48-hour period will be reported for each treatment arm.

    Measured: 48 hour average, values collected at ~4 hour intervals.

  3. Baseline Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm (Edi)

    Measure, in microvolts, recorded by the Edi catheter to reflect activity of diaphragmatic activation. Higher values correspond with increased diaphragmatic activation. If able, will be collected prior to randomization to either treatment arm.

    Measured: Approximately one hour after Edi catheter placement

  4. Average Baseline Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm (Edi)

    Measure, in microvolts, recorded by the Edi catheter to reflect activity of diaphragmatic activation. Higher values correspond with increased diaphragmatic activation. Average Edi values over a 48-hour period will be reported for each treatment arm.

    Measured: 48 hour average, values collected at ~4 hour intervals.

Secondary outcomes (4)
  1. Duration of Non-Invasive Ventilation

    The duration, in hours, that a patient requires non-invasive ventilation.

    Measured: Time of randomization or start of non-invasive ventilation (whichever occurs last) up to 4 weeks later or time of intubation (whichever occurs first)

  2. Number of participants requiring intubation

    If a patient requires intubation due to bronchiolitis, this information will be recorded

    Measured: Following start of non-invasive ventilation or randomization (whichever comes last) up to 4 weeks later

  3. Frequency of increasing ventilatory support

    The number of times that a physician increases respiratory support settings on the ventilator (other than FiO2) while remaining within protocol parameters will be documented. The number of events, limited to one event per hour, of increase in respiratory support will be counted during the study period. A greater number of increases in ventilatory support will indicate inadequate response to the treatment arm intervention.

    Measured: From hours 4-48 of the intervention period

  4. Number of patients requiring dexmedetomidine

    The number of patients requiring dexmedetomidine will be tabulated. The use of dexmedetomidine use likely reflects patient agitation and inability to ventilate adequately on non-invasive ventilation. The use of dexmedetomidine may indicate more agitation present within a given treatment arm.

    Measured: Through 48 hour study intervention period

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted26 Sep 2023
  2. Study start18 Dec 2023
  3. Primary completionDec 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)

Why it stopped: Study suspended pending outcome of discussions among IRB, PI, and DSMC

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
130 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06053684
Sponsor's protocol ID
2022-14633
Status last verified
Sep 2026
First submitted
6 Sep 2023
Last updated
5 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Lodeserto FJ, Lettich TM, Rezaie SR. High-flow Nasal Cannula: Mechanisms of Action and Adult and Pediatric Indications. Cureus. 2018 Nov 26;10(11):e3639. doi: 10.7759/cureus.3639.

    PubMed 30740281
  • Javouhey E, Barats A, Richard N, Stamm D, Floret D. Non-invasive ventilation as primary ventilatory support for infants with severe bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Sep;34(9):1608-14. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1150-4. Epub 2008 May 24.

    PubMed 18500424
  • Morley SL. Non-invasive ventilation in paediatric critical care. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2016 Sep;20:24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

    PubMed 27118355
  • Jones ML, Bai S, Thurman TL, Holt SJ, Heulitt MJ, Courtney SE. Comparison of Work of Breathing Between Noninvasive Ventilation and Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in a Healthy and a Lung-Injured Piglet Model. Respir Care. 2018 Dec;63(12):1478-1484. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06192. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

    PubMed 30254048
  • Pham TM, O'Malley L, Mayfield S, Martin S, Schibler A. The effect of high flow nasal cannula therapy on the work of breathing in infants with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Jul;50(7):713-20. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23060. Epub 2014 May 21.

    PubMed 24846750
  • Alander M, Peltoniemi O, Pokka T, Kontiokari T. Comparison of pressure-, flow-, and NAVA-triggering in pediatric and neonatal ventilatory care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012 Jan;47(1):76-83. doi: 10.1002/ppul.21519. Epub 2011 Aug 9.

    PubMed 21830318
  • Kallio M, Peltoniemi O, Anttila E, Pokka T, Kontiokari T. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in pediatric intensive care--a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Jan;50(1):55-62. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22995. Epub 2014 Jan 31.

    PubMed 24482284
  • Ducharme-Crevier L, Beck J, Essouri S, Jouvet P, Emeriaud G. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) allows patient-ventilator synchrony during pediatric noninvasive ventilation: a crossover physiological study. Crit Care. 2015 Feb 17;19(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0770-7.

    PubMed 25886793
  • Liu LL, Gallaher MM, Davis RL, Rutter CM, Lewis TC, Marcuse EK. Use of a respiratory clinical score among different providers. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004 Mar;37(3):243-8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.10425.

    PubMed 14966818
  • Duyndam A, Bol BS, Kroon A, Tibboel D, Ista E. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist: assessing the comfort and feasibility of use in neonates and children. Nurs Crit Care. 2013 Mar-Apr;18(2):86-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2012.00541.x. Epub 2012 Nov 22.

    PubMed 23419184
  • Stein H, Hall R, Davis K, White DB. Electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) values and Edi catheter placement in non-ventilated preterm neonates. J Perinatol. 2013 Sep;33(9):707-11. doi: 10.1038/jp.2013.45. Epub 2013 May 2.

    PubMed 23636099
  • Beck J, Emeriaud G, Liu Y, Sinderby C. Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in children: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Aug;82(8):874-83. Epub 2015 Sep 16.

    PubMed 26375790
  • Vignaux L, Grazioli S, Piquilloud L, Bochaton N, Karam O, Levy-Jamet Y, Jaecklin T, Tourneux P, Jolliet P, Rimensberger PC. Patient-ventilator asynchrony during noninvasive pressure support ventilation and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in infants and children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013 Oct;14(8):e357-64. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182917922.

    PubMed 23863816

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Standard Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation and Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assistance (NAVA) Non-Invasive Mechanical Servo Ventilation in people with Bronchiolitis, run by Montefiore Medical Center at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: paused, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Results are not available in the source record.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Baseline Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) (time frame: Approximately one hour after Edi catheter placement). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06053684, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.

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