DehydrationNCT06063655
Effects of Two Novel Hydration Beverage Formulas on Rehydration in Adults
A study testing Liquid IV hydration multiplier and Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier in people with Dehydration, run by University of Memphis at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 49 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dehydration
- What is being tested?
- Liquid IV hydration multiplier and Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 7 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 7 Sep 2023to 1 May 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 49 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Body mass index (BMI) between 17.0-29.9 kg/m2 (not obese)
- Resting heart rate less than 90 beats per minute; although, if less than 40 beats per minute subject must get clearance from a medical professional
- Not hypertensive (Systolic <140 mmHg and Diastolic <90 mmHg)
- Have not had in the 3 months prior to screening or planning to have a major surgery during study period
- Physically capable and willing to ingest the assigned amount of fluid while cycling and at rest for visits 3, 4, and 5
- Must be moderately trained; engage in moderate intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least one hour at a time.
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- Willing to maintain the same level of physical activity throughout the study period, except during the 24 hour period prior to each study visit.
- Achieve a peak maximal oxygen consumption at screening that is at least 60% of their age and gender matched normative value per American College of Sports Medicine recommendations.
- Capable of completing 90 minutes of self-paced stationary cycling (~70-80% max heart rate) in a heated environmental chamber (~30-32°C (86-89°F) with ~50% RH).
- Can drink a minimum of 2.0 L fluid (if female) or 2.5 L fluid (if male) the day prior to test visits
- For visits 3-5, subjects must have a urine specific gravity less than 1.020.
- For visit 3-5, subject must not have exercised within 24 hours of visit
- Consume no more than two standard alcoholic drinks per day on a regular basis and during study period.
- Maintain diet, exercise, BMI, medication, and dietary supplements throughout study period as changes may alter hydration and electrolyte levels and result in changes to outcome measures.
Who cannot join
- If female, lactating, pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study.
- Have a known sensitivity or allergy to any of the study products
- Have a history of diabetes
- Have a history of known cardiovascular disease
- Have a history of a diagnosis of celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea, unstable thyroid disease, immune disorder (i.e., HIV/AIDS), cancer (except localized skin cancer without metastases or in situ cervical cancer within 5 years prior to screening visit).
- Have an active or uncontrolled diseases or conditions
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- Have had a current or previous Corona virus disease 2019 diagnosis in the three months prior to screening.
- Have any medical conditions that may impact ability to exercise or ability to ingest prescribed fluid volume as determined by the study nurse, including infection or illness
- Weighing less than 80 lbs at any visit; although very unlikely, we need to maintain this cut off, as too low a body mass is unhealthy.
- Has taken within 30 days or within seven half-lives (whichever is longer) of first test visit: selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRI), Apremilast, caffeine-containing drugs, Corticosteroids (systemic use), Decongestants, Diuretics, Laxatives, Muscle relaxants, Opioid painkillers, Statins, Oral antibiotics
- Has taken within 30 days of first test visit: Calcium, Dandelion, Lithium orotate, Potassium citrate, Watercress, Inhalables smokables, or the like cigarettes, vaporizers, water pipes, or cannabis
- Has taken within 24 hours prior to test visit: Alcohol, Caffeine (including coffee, tea, energy drinks, etc. prohibited in the 12hrs prior to each dose of the study product), Laxatives, Diuretics, or Sports drinks (electrolyte drinks)
- received or use test product(s) in another research study in the 28 days prior to baseline visit (Familiarization, Visit/Visit 2), or longer if the previous test product is deemed by the investigator to have lasting effects that might influence the eligibility criteria or outcomes of the current study.
- have any other active or unstable medical conditions or use medications, supplements, or therapies that, in the opinion of the investigator, may adversely affect the participant's ability to complete the study or its measures or pose a significant risk to the participant.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research
Memphis, Tennessee, 38152
About this study
Official title: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Semi-Blind, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Two Novel Hydration Beverage Formulas on Rehydration in Adults
The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.
The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.
Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).
Read the detailed description
Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to optimal health, as well as athletic performance. When individuals exercise (in particular in a warm environment), they can lose excessive amounts of fluids along with necessary electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) through sweating. With dehydration, individuals may feel sluggish and can experience impaired physical performance.
The use of electrolytes (sodium in particular) has been used for decades to aid athlete hydration and has led to the development of various sport drinks (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade) -which also include small amounts of carbohydrate.
This study will evaluate the hydration effects of two electrolyte products dissolved in water (Hydration Multiplier and Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier) compared to a placebo (water). The nutrient composition of the Sugar-Free hydration Multiplier is similar to the Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier product currently on the market but without sugar content.
The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.
The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.
Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).
This study design and outcomes have been similarly used in previous rehydration studies that utilized exercise in heat to induce ~2% body weight loss with different test products . This study will help further the knowledge on how different formulations of hydration beverages (e.g., different carbohydrate and electrolyte compositions) alter rehydration following exercise. It is hypothesized that both test products will provide improved rehydration above water alone during the post-exercise period. Moreover, it is believed that the sugar free product may improve hydration similar to the standard Hydration Multiplier.
- Conditions
- Dehydration
- Being tested
- Control: Water, Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier
- Medical subject headings
- Dehydration
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Control: WaterDietary supplement
Water will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).
Liquid IV hydration multiplierDietary supplement
Liquid IV hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).
Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierDietary supplement
Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
| Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
| Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
| Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
| Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
| Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water | Experimental | Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration.
Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and water. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Control: Water; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Body weight
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Measured: baseline (prior to cycling)
Body weight
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Measured: 0 minutes after 90-minute cycle bout
Body weight
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Measured: 30 minutes after cycling
Body weight
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Measured: 4 hours and 30 minutes after cycling
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: baseline (prior to cycling)
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 0 minutes after cycling
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 30 minutes after cycling
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 2 hours 30 minutes after cycling
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 3 hours 30 minutes after cycling
Urine Volume
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Measured: 4 hours 30 minutes after cycling
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: baseline (prior to cycling)
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 0 minutes after cycling
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 30 minutes after cycling
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine osmolality
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Measured: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: first morning urine (~2 hours before visit)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: baseline (before cycling)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 0 minutes after cycling
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 30 minutes after cycling
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Urine specific gravity
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Measured: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: baseline (before cycling)
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels will be measured in blood
Measured: baseline (before cycling)
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: baseline (before cycling)
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 30 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 30 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 30 minutes post cycling
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 60 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 60 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 60 minutes post cycling
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 120 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 120 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 120 minutes post cycling
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 150 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 150 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 150 minutes post cycling
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 210 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 210 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 210 minutes post cycling
Plasma Osmolality
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Measured: 270 minutes post cycling
Electrolyte levels
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Measured: 270 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Measured: 270 minutes post cycling
Secondary outcomes (10)
Body temperature
Body temperature will be monitored during cycling
Measured: Every 10 minutes during cycling
Heart rate
Heart rate will be monitored during cycling
Measured: Every 10 minutes during cycling
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Rate of Perceived Exertion using a Borg scale from 6 (easy) to 20 (maximal effort) will be reported during cycling
Measured: Every 10 minutes during cycling
maximal oxygen consumption
maximal oxygen consumption will be determined via a cycling test
Measured: At screening
Height
Height will be measured using a stadiometer
Measured: At screening
Weight
Weight will be determined using a digital scale
Measured: At screening
Waist/Hip ratio
Waist/Hip ratio will be determined by measuring each circumference with a tape measure
Measured: At screening
Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine
Measured: At screening
Resting Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine
Measured: At screening
Heart Rate
Heart Rate will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine
Measured: At screening
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2023
- Study start7 Sep 2023
- Primary completion1 May 2024
- Study completion1 May 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for DehydrationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Semi-Blind, Crossover Study
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Memphis
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Richard Bloomer, University of Memphis
- Investigators
- Richard Bloomer, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Memphis
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06063655
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRO-FY2023-416
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Semi-Blind, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Two Novel Hydration Beverage Formulas on Rehydration in Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06063655
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRO-FY2023-416
- Conditions
- Dehydration
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MemphisUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.
The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.
Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).
Detailed description
Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to optimal health, as well as athletic performance. When individuals exercise (in particular in a warm environment), they can lose excessive amounts of fluids along with necessary electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) through sweating. With dehydration, individuals may feel sluggish and can experience impaired physical performance.
The use of electrolytes (sodium in particular) has been used for decades to aid athlete hydration and has led to the development of various sport drinks (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade) -which also include small amounts of carbohydrate.
This study will evaluate the hydration effects of two electrolyte products dissolved in water (Hydration Multiplier and Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier) compared to a placebo (water). The nutrient composition of the Sugar-Free hydration Multiplier is similar to the Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier product currently on the market but without sugar content.
The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.
The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.
Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).
This study design and outcomes have been similarly used in previous rehydration studies that utilized exercise in heat to induce ~2% body weight loss with different test products . This study will help further the knowledge on how different formulations of hydration beverages (e.g., different carbohydrate and electrolyte compositions) alter rehydration following exercise. It is hypothesized that both test products will provide improved rehydration above water alone during the post-exercise period. Moreover, it is believed that the sugar free product may improve hydration similar to the standard Hydration Multiplier.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
- Model description
- A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Semi-Blind, Crossover Study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier. |
| Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier. |
| Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water. |
| Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier. |
| Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier. |
| Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Control: Water, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier, Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierSubjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and water. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 49 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Body mass index (BMI) between 17.0-29.9 kg/m2 (not obese)
- Resting heart rate less than 90 beats per minute; although, if less than 40 beats per minute subject must get clearance from a medical professional
- Not hypertensive (Systolic <140 mmHg and Diastolic <90 mmHg)
- Have not had in the 3 months prior to screening or planning to have a major surgery during study period
- Physically capable and willing to ingest the assigned amount of fluid while cycling and at rest for visits 3, 4, and 5
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- If female, lactating, pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study.
- Have a known sensitivity or allergy to any of the study products
- Have a history of diabetes
- Have a history of known cardiovascular disease
- Have a history of a diagnosis of celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea, unstable thyroid disease, immune disorder (i.e., HIV/AIDS), cancer (except localized skin cancer without metastases or in situ cervical cancer within 5 years prior to screening visit).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Control: WaterWater will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour). | Dietary supplement | Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier |
| Liquid IV hydration multiplierLiquid IV hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour). | Dietary supplement | Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier |
| Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplierLiquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour). | Dietary supplement | Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier |
Primary outcome
Body weight
Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Body weight
Time frame: 0 minutes after 90-minute cycle bout
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Body weight
Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Body weight
Time frame: 4 hours and 30 minutes after cycling
body weight will be measured using a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 2 hours 30 minutes after cycling
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 3 hours 30 minutes after cycling
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine Volume
Time frame: 4 hours 30 minutes after cycling
urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale
Urine osmolality
Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine osmolality
Time frame: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: first morning urine (~2 hours before visit)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: baseline (before cycling)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Urine specific gravity
Time frame: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)
specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: baseline (before cycling)
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: baseline (before cycling)
electrolyte levels will be measured in blood
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: baseline (before cycling)
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
Plasma Osmolality
Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling
Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality
Electrolyte levels
Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling
electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)
Percent plasma volume
Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling
Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.
10 secondary outcomes
Body temperature
Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling
Heart rate
Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling
maximal oxygen consumption
Time frame: At screening
Height
Time frame: At screening
Weight
Time frame: At screening
Waist/Hip ratio
Time frame: At screening
Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: At screening
Resting Systolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: At screening
Heart Rate
Time frame: At screening
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Richard Bloomer, PhD principal investigator
University of Memphis
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Liquid IV hydration multiplier and Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier in people with Dehydration, run by University of Memphis at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Body weight (time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)). The study lists 47 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2026.