Exercise TrainingNCT06069271
Kettlebell Swings and Paraspinal Muscle Function
A study testing Kettlebell swing in people with Exercise Training, run by University of Central Florida at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this randomized control trial is to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature secondary to a high-intensity interval kettlebell swing protocol utilizing TMG previously published by Jay et. al in 2011. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Training
- What is being tested?
- Kettlebell swing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 41 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 4 Mar 2020to 15 Jan 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Ages of 18 and 45 years of age.
- Clear PAR-Q
Who cannot join
- history of low back pain
- pre-existing injuries
- If "YES" was the response to any of the seven questions in the PAR-Q, the participant was deemed to be unable to exercise safely.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida, 32816
About this study
Official title: The Immediate Effects of a Standardized Kettlebell Swing Protocol on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function
The purpose of this randomized control trial is to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature secondary to a high-intensity interval kettlebell swing protocol utilizing TMG previously published by Jay et. al in 2011.
Read the detailed description
Background: Kettlebell swings are commonly utilized to target the lumbar erector spinae and lower body musculature. This exercise exhibits distinct loading properties that requires cyclical contraction of the trunk extensors and posterior chain, potentially explaining its novel influence on muscle contractility. Tensiomyography (TMG) is a reliable, noninvasive, passive technique that may be used to examine muscular fatigue produced by kettlebell swings. Purpose: The purpose of this randomized control trial is to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature secondary to a high-intensity interval kettlebell swing protocol utilizing TMG previously published by Jay et. al in 2011. Subjects: Forty-one adults between the ages of 18 and 45 were recruited. Inclusion criteria included subjects with no recent history of low back pain and clearance by the physical activity readiness questionnaire. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to either a kettlebell swing group (KBS; n=21) or a control group (CON; n=20) who only performed the unloaded warm up. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 24-hours post-intervention for bilateral erector spinae fatigue, measured by five TMG parameters (Dm, Tc, Tr, Td, Ts).
- Conditions
- Exercise Training
- Being tested
- Kettlebell swing
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Kettlebell swingOther
The intervention group completed two-handed Russian KBSs using an interval training protocol outlined by Jay et al.10 involving 30 seconds of work followed by 30 seconds of rest for 10 total intervals. Prior to completing the intervention, participants completed a general warmup consisting of 10 non-weighted squats, 10 non-weighted dead-lifts, and 10 dowel rod shoulder flexion repetitions. Participants were instructed to perform all warm-up activities at an intensity of 70% of maximal effort using a Rate of Perceived Exertion scale(RPE).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Rest | No intervention | Subjects in the control group were instructed to complete the general warm up followed by a 10-minute rest period. |
| Exercise | Experimental | The intervention group completed two-handed Russian KBSs using an interval training protocol outlined by Jay et al.10 involving 30 seconds of work followed by 30 seconds of rest for 10 total intervals. Prior to completing the intervention, participants completed a general warmup consisting of 10 non-weighted squats, 10 non-weighted dead-lifts, and 10 dowel rod shoulder flexion repetitions. Participants were instructed to perform all warm-up activities at an intensity of 70% of maximal effort using a Rate of Perceived Exertion scale(RPE). Receives: Other: Kettlebell swing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Tensiomyography
Research has progressed to support the test-retest and inter-rater reliability using TMG for measurement of muscle contraction. TMG demonstrates good to excellent relative reliability(0.80-0.99) and inter-rater ICC between 0.77-0.97 Across all five TMG parameters.4-7
Measured: Baseline, immediate after exercise, 24 hours after exercise
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2023
- Study start4 Mar 2020
- Primary completion8 Mar 2022
- Study completion15 Jan 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Exercise TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Control Trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 41 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Central Florida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Randi Richardson, University of Central Florida
- Investigators
- William J Hanney, PhD, Study director, University of Central Florida
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06069271
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 00001277
- Status last verified
- Sep 2023
- First submitted
- 25 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 5 Oct 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hanney WJ, Perez A, Collado G, Palmer AC, Wilson AT, Richardson RM, Kolber MJ. The Immediate Effects of a Standardized Kettlebell Swing Protocol on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Nov 1;38(11):1854-1859. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004892. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
PubMed 39178062
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Oct 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Immediate Effects of a Standardized Kettlebell Swing Protocol on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06069271
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 00001277
- Conditions
- Exercise Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 41 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Central FloridaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 8 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jan 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this randomized control trial is to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature secondary to a high-intensity interval kettlebell swing protocol utilizing TMG previously published by Jay et. al in 2011.
Detailed description
Background: Kettlebell swings are commonly utilized to target the lumbar erector spinae and lower body musculature. This exercise exhibits distinct loading properties that requires cyclical contraction of the trunk extensors and posterior chain, potentially explaining its novel influence on muscle contractility. Tensiomyography (TMG) is a reliable, noninvasive, passive technique that may be used to examine muscular fatigue produced by kettlebell swings. Purpose: The purpose of this randomized control trial is to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature secondary to a high-intensity interval kettlebell swing protocol utilizing TMG previously published by Jay et. al in 2011. Subjects: Forty-one adults between the ages of 18 and 45 were recruited. Inclusion criteria included subjects with no recent history of low back pain and clearance by the physical activity readiness questionnaire. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to either a kettlebell swing group (KBS; n=21) or a control group (CON; n=20) who only performed the unloaded warm up. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 24-hours post-intervention for bilateral erector spinae fatigue, measured by five TMG parameters (Dm, Tc, Tr, Td, Ts).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Control Trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Rest | No intervention | –Subjects in the control group were instructed to complete the general warm up followed by a 10-minute rest period. |
| Exercise | Experimental | Other: Kettlebell swingThe intervention group completed two-handed Russian KBSs using an interval training protocol outlined by Jay et al.10 involving 30 seconds of work followed by 30 seconds of rest for 10 total intervals. Prior to completing the intervention, participants completed a general warmup consisting of 10 non-weighted squats, 10 non-weighted dead-lifts, and 10 dowel rod shoulder flexion repetitions. Participants were instructed to perform all warm-up activities at an intensity of 70% of maximal effort using a Rate of Perceived Exertion scale(RPE). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Ages of 18 and 45 years of age.
- Clear PAR-Q
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- history of low back pain
- pre-existing injuries
- If "YES" was the response to any of the seven questions in the PAR-Q, the participant was deemed to be unable to exercise safely.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Kettlebell swingThe intervention group completed two-handed Russian KBSs using an interval training protocol outlined by Jay et al.10 involving 30 seconds of work followed by 30 seconds of rest for 10 total intervals. Prior to completing the intervention, participants completed a general warmup consisting of 10 non-weighted squats, 10 non-weighted dead-lifts, and 10 dowel rod shoulder flexion repetitions. Participants were instructed to perform all warm-up activities at an intensity of 70% of maximal effort using a Rate of Perceived Exertion scale(RPE). | Other | Exercise |
Primary outcome
Tensiomyography
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after exercise, 24 hours after exercise
Research has progressed to support the test-retest and inter-rater reliability using TMG for measurement of muscle contraction. TMG demonstrates good to excellent relative reliability(0.80-0.99) and inter-rater ICC between 0.77-0.97 Across all five TMG parameters.4-7
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Oct 2023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39178062Hanney WJ, Perez A, Collado G, Palmer AC, Wilson AT, Richardson RM, Kolber MJ. The Immediate Effects of a Standardized Kettlebell Swing Protocol on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Nov 1;38(11):1854-1859. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004892. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
William J Hanney, PhD study director
University of Central Florida
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Kettlebell swing in people with Exercise Training, run by University of Central Florida at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Tensiomyography (time frame: Baseline, immediate after exercise, 24 hours after exercise). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06069271, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2023.