StrokeNCT06090604
Walking Balance Training Post-Stroke
A study testing High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environment in people with Stroke, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States, affecting ~795,000 people annually. Among ambulatory people with chronic stroke, impaired balance is common and substantially limits mobility (those with the poorest balance walk the least). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environment
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 33 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 18 Aug 2023to 2 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 18 to 80 years of age;
- diagnosis of hemiparetic stroke;
- more than 6 months post-stroke;
- ability to ambulate over ground for 10 meters with or without a single cane, and/or ankle-foot orthosis.
Who cannot join
- cognitive impairment (score of ≤22/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale);
- aphasia (score of ≥71/100 on the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test);
- excessive spasticity in lower limbs (score of > 3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale);
- unable to tolerate 10-min. of standing;
- enrollment in concurrent physical therapy;
- use of braces/orthotics crossing the knee joint;
Show all 10Show fewer
- known pregnancy;
- severe cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or other neurological conditions affecting gait and balance.
- brainstem and/or cerebellar lesion
- perinatal stroke
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Movement Amplification Training to Enhance Walking Balance Post-Stroke
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States, affecting ~795,000 people annually. Among ambulatory people with chronic stroke, impaired balance is common and substantially limits mobility (those with the poorest balance walk the least). This project will explore if a novel gait training intervention using a robotic device to amplify a person's self-generated movements can improve walking balance in people with chronic stroke. The development of effective interventions to increase walking balance among people with chronic stroke will positively impact quality of life and ability to participate in walking activities.
Read the detailed description
Background: People with chronic stroke (PwCS) have substantial walking balance dysfunctions that limit independence and participation in walking activities. There is a pressing need to develop effective methods to enhance walking balance in PwCS. Interventions that amplify self-generated movements may accelerate motor learning by enhance a person's perception of movement errors. This method could potentially be applied to help PwCS improve walking balance. To this end, we have developed a cable-driven robot to create a Movement Amplification Environment (MAE) during treadmill walking. The MAE challenges walking balance by applying lateral forces to the pelvis that are proportional in magnitude to real-time lateral center of mass (COM) velocity. Our purpose is to evaluate effects of MAE training on walking balance in PwCS.
Specific Aims: Aim 1a: To quantify locomotor adaptations PwCS make to maintain walking balance in a MAE. We will evaluate the impact of the two foremost gait training variables: Gait Speed and MAE Strength. Aim 1b: To evaluate short-term changes in the ability of PwCS to control their lateral COM excursion during walking (a quantifiable walking balance measure) immediately after MAE training. Aim 2: To evaluate long-term changes in walking balance and daily walking following a 5-week high-intensity gait training intervention performed in a MAE.
Approach: Aims 1a \& b: Twenty PwCS will each participate in two experiments evaluating gait biomechanics (COM dynamics and stepping patterns) during and immediately following MAE training. Aim 1a will evaluate locomotor adaptations when walking in a MAE and the effect of gait speed (slow, preferred, and fast) and MAE strength (low, medium, and high). Aim 1b will use visual feedback to challenge PwCS to control their lateral COM excursion during walking immediately before and after walking in different external conditions (No applied forces, or MAE). Outcomes will assess if short-term walking balance is enhanced immediately following MAE exposure. Aim 2: Ten PwCS will participate in 10-sessions of high intensity gait training performed in a MAE. We will assess pre- to post- changes in walking balance using clinical gait and balance measures, biomechanical assessments, and participation in daily walking (steps/day). Outcomes will assess if long-term walking balance is enhanced following MAE gait training.
Impact: Training walking balance of PwCS by amplifying their own self-generated movements is a radical departure from current practice and could substantially enhance walking balance. This study will provide a foundational understanding of how PwCS maintain walking balance in a MAE and if beneficial behaviors persist following MAE training. Successful outcomes will motivate a randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy of MAE training on walking balance in PwCS.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environment
- Keywords
- Stroke, Balance control, Walking dysfunction
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environmentOther
For Aim 2, each participant will engage in ten 45-min high-intensity gait training sessions performed in a Movement Amplification Environment (MAE). Training sessions will occur 2x/week and led by a licensed Physical Therapist. The goal of each training session is to achieve 40-min of stepping practice within a targeted range of heart rate (HR) of 70 to 80% of estimated age-predicted HR max and perceived excursion (RPE) in a MAE. Each session will begin and end with a 2.5-min warm-up and cool down, with 40-min of training using two 10-min Speed-training blocks and two 10-min Balance-training blocks. Balance training activities will include lateral maneuvers, head turns, obstacle negotiation, and backward walking. The MAE gain, training speeds and balance activities will be progressively increased within and across sessions to challenge the participant.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control of lateral COM motion during and after walking practiced in the MAE | Experimental | For Aim 1a, participant's preferred and fast treadmill walking speeds will be determined followed by 2-min of baseline walking. Each participant will perform eight 2-min trials of treadmill walking 1) Null Environment: no forces, 2) MAE Low Gain: 25 Nsm-1, 3) MAE Medium Gain: 35 Nsm-1, 4) MAE High Gain: 45 Nsm-1, that will be repeated at both treadmill walking speeds. The trial order will be randomized.
For Aim 1b, we will assess participant's maximum ability to control their lateral COM motion with no forces applied, using three 21-meter walking trials with visual projections on the treadmill to provide feedback used to challenge their lateral COM motion control. Five 2-min trials in a Null environment will be followed by COM control assessment. Participants will rest and repeat the above sequence in a MAE. The order of the external environments will be randomized across participants.
Participants may participate in more than one aim (1a, 1b and 2). Receives: Other: High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Minimum average lateral center of mass (COM) excursion
Minimum average lateral COM excursion occurring during 5 consecutive gait cycles will be calculated as our metric of ability to control lateral COM motion during walking
Measured: For Aim 1, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Minimum lateral Margin Of Stability (MOS)
Minimum lateral margin of stability is the distance between the lateral extrapolated center of mass (XCOM) and the base of support (BOS), approximated as the lateral position of the 5th metatarsal marker on the side of the last initial contact. Minimum MOS is identified during stance phase of each step. Extrapolated center of mass (XCOM) position is calculated using:
XCOM= COM + COM* √ l/g
Measured: For Aim 1, margin of stability will be calculated at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, margin of stability will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
10MWT is a simple measurement of an individual's average walking speed measured at self-selected speed (instruction: "walk at your normal comfortable pace") and fastest-possible speed (instruction: "as fast as you safely can").
Measured: For Aim 1, 10MWT will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, 10MWT will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Timed Up and Go (TUG)
TUG is used to assess functional mobility, walking balance, and fall risk. It is a quick, valid, reliable and widely used clinical performance based measure in individuals post-stroke. While there is no time limit to the TUG test, more time taken to finish the task indicates poor balance and greater fall-risk.
Measured: For Aim 1, TUG will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, TUG will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
BBS is a 14-item measure that assesses static balance with excellent validity and reliability in individuals post-stroke. The total score for this test is 56. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 56. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower fall-risk, while lower scores indicate poor balance and increased fall-risk.
Measured: For Aim 1, BBS will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, BBS will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale
ABC scale is a self-reported measure of an individual's confidence while performing specific postural and ambulatory activities. The ABC is a reliable and valid measure of balance confidence in individuals post-stroke. The total score for ABC scale is 1600. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 1600. Higher scores indicate better balance confidence, while lower scores indicate poor balance confidence.
Measured: For Aim 1, ABC will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, ABC will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
DGI is an eight item test that assesses gait, balance and fall risk during usual steady-state walking and walking during more challenging tasks. The total score for this test is 24. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 24. Higher scores indicate better walking balance, while lower scores indicate poor walking balance.
Measured: For Aim 1, DGI will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, DGI will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
6 Minute Walk Test (6WMT)
6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered during 6 minutes of walking indicate participants exercise tolerance. The vitals measures before and after the 6MWT indicate the cardiovascular and respiratory response to exercise.
Measured: For Aim 2, 6WMT will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Stepping Activity in the Home and Community
The amount of daily stepping in the home and community taken per day averaged across the 7-day collection periods before and after training will be assessed for Aim 2. Daily stepping will be measured and recorded using a StepWatch4 (Modus, Edmonds, WA) activity monitor. The microprocessor-based accelerometer will be worn around the ankle during all waking hours (except bathing) for the duration of the stepping assessment period.
Measured: For Aim 2, the stepping activity will be assessed for a period of one week after session 1 and session 12 (post 5 weeks of training). Participants will be asked to wear the monitor during all waking hours.
Secondary outcomes (7)
Step length
Step length is calculated as the fore-aft distance between the calcanei markers at initial foot contact.
Measured: For Aim 1, step length will be performed at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, step length will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Step width
Step width is calculated as the medio-lateral distance between the left and right 5th Metatarsal markers at initial foot contact
Measured: For Aim 1, step width will be performed at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, step width will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Heart rate
Participants heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) will be collected to determine cardiovascular response to exercise.
Measured: For Aim 2, heart rate will be collected before and after each of the 10 one hour long training sessions over 5 weeks. Vitals will be collected at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Both these sessions will be two hours long.
Blood pressure
Participants blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) will be collected to determine cardiovascular response to exercise.
Measured: For Aim 2, blood pressure will be collected before and after each of the 10 one hour long training sessions over 5 weeks. Vitals will be collected at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Both these sessions will be two hours long.
Exertion
Participants exertion monitored via 6-20 point rate of perceived exertion scale and heart rate will be collected to determine participants performance during each training session and track their progress. Minimum score for perceived exertion is 6 and maximum score is 20. Higher score indicates greater exertion and lower score indicates less exertion.
Measured: For Aim 2, participants level of exertion will be collected throughout the 10 training sessions over 5 weeks. Each training session will be one hour long.
Number of steps taken during training session
Participants number of steps taken during the training session will be collected to determine participants performance during each training session and track their progress.
Measured: For Aim 2, the total number of steps during training will be collected after each of the 10 training session over 5 weeks. Each training session will be one hour long.
Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) scale
CMSA will be collected to determine the level of stroke impairment in participants leg and foot. Each domain (leg and foot) are scored on a 7-point scale (stage 1 through 7, most impairment through to no impairment, respectively). Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 7.
Measured: For both Aims 1 and 2, CMSA scale will be collected at session 1 to determine participants stroke recovery. This session will be two hours long.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Oct 2023
- Study start18 Aug 2023
- Primary completion2 May 2025
- Study completion2 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Northwestern UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Keith Gordon, Northwestern University
- Investigators
- Keith Gordon, PhD, Principal investigator, Assistant Professor, Northwestern University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06090604
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1R21HD112813-01
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 18 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 26 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified data from this study will be uploaded on the Northwestern University Research and Data repository (Arch) so that it is fully available to other parties interested in probing the data further and performing secondary analyses.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Movement Amplification Training to Enhance Walking Balance Post-Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06090604
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1R21HD112813-01
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- Stroke, Balance control, Walking dysfunction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States, affecting ~795,000 people annually. Among ambulatory people with chronic stroke, impaired balance is common and substantially limits mobility (those with the poorest balance walk the least). This project will explore if a novel gait training intervention using a robotic device to amplify a person's self-generated movements can improve walking balance in people with chronic stroke. The development of effective interventions to increase walking balance among people with chronic stroke will positively impact quality of life and ability to participate in walking activities.
Detailed description
Background: People with chronic stroke (PwCS) have substantial walking balance dysfunctions that limit independence and participation in walking activities. There is a pressing need to develop effective methods to enhance walking balance in PwCS. Interventions that amplify self-generated movements may accelerate motor learning by enhance a person's perception of movement errors. This method could potentially be applied to help PwCS improve walking balance. To this end, we have developed a cable-driven robot to create a Movement Amplification Environment (MAE) during treadmill walking. The MAE challenges walking balance by applying lateral forces to the pelvis that are proportional in magnitude to real-time lateral center of mass (COM) velocity. Our purpose is to evaluate effects of MAE training on walking balance in PwCS.
Specific Aims: Aim 1a: To quantify locomotor adaptations PwCS make to maintain walking balance in a MAE. We will evaluate the impact of the two foremost gait training variables: Gait Speed and MAE Strength. Aim 1b: To evaluate short-term changes in the ability of PwCS to control their lateral COM excursion during walking (a quantifiable walking balance measure) immediately after MAE training. Aim 2: To evaluate long-term changes in walking balance and daily walking following a 5-week high-intensity gait training intervention performed in a MAE.
Approach: Aims 1a \& b: Twenty PwCS will each participate in two experiments evaluating gait biomechanics (COM dynamics and stepping patterns) during and immediately following MAE training. Aim 1a will evaluate locomotor adaptations when walking in a MAE and the effect of gait speed (slow, preferred, and fast) and MAE strength (low, medium, and high). Aim 1b will use visual feedback to challenge PwCS to control their lateral COM excursion during walking immediately before and after walking in different external conditions (No applied forces, or MAE). Outcomes will assess if short-term walking balance is enhanced immediately following MAE exposure. Aim 2: Ten PwCS will participate in 10-sessions of high intensity gait training performed in a MAE. We will assess pre- to post- changes in walking balance using clinical gait and balance measures, biomechanical assessments, and participation in daily walking (steps/day). Outcomes will assess if long-term walking balance is enhanced following MAE gait training.
Impact: Training walking balance of PwCS by amplifying their own self-generated movements is a radical departure from current practice and could substantially enhance walking balance. This study will provide a foundational understanding of how PwCS maintain walking balance in a MAE and if beneficial behaviors persist following MAE training. Successful outcomes will motivate a randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy of MAE training on walking balance in PwCS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control of lateral COM motion during and after walking practiced in the MAE | Experimental | Other: High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environmentFor Aim 1a, participant's preferred and fast treadmill walking speeds will be determined followed by 2-min of baseline walking. Each participant will perform eight 2-min trials of treadmill walking 1) Null Environment: no forces, 2) MAE Low Gain: 25 Nsm-1, 3) MAE Medium Gain: 35 Nsm-1, 4) MAE High Gain: 45 Nsm-1, that will be repeated at both treadmill walking speeds. The trial order will be randomized. For Aim 1b, we will assess participant's maximum ability to control their lateral COM motion with no forces applied, using three 21-meter walking trials with visual projections on the treadmill to provide feedback used to challenge their lateral COM motion control. Five 2-min trials in a Null environment will be followed by COM control assessment. Participants will rest and repeat the above sequence in a MAE. The order of the external environments will be randomized across participants. Participants may participate in more than one aim (1a, 1b and 2). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- 18 to 80 years of age;
- diagnosis of hemiparetic stroke;
- more than 6 months post-stroke;
- ability to ambulate over ground for 10 meters with or without a single cane, and/or ankle-foot orthosis.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- cognitive impairment (score of ≤22/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale);
- aphasia (score of ≥71/100 on the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test);
- excessive spasticity in lower limbs (score of > 3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale);
- unable to tolerate 10-min. of standing;
- enrollment in concurrent physical therapy;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environmentFor Aim 2, each participant will engage in ten 45-min high-intensity gait training sessions performed in a Movement Amplification Environment (MAE). Training sessions will occur 2x/week and led by a licensed Physical Therapist. The goal of each training session is to achieve 40-min of stepping practice within a targeted range of heart rate (HR) of 70 to 80% of estimated age-predicted HR max and perceived excursion (RPE) in a MAE. Each session will begin and end with a 2.5-min warm-up and cool down, with 40-min of training using two 10-min Speed-training blocks and two 10-min Balance-training blocks. Balance training activities will include lateral maneuvers, head turns, obstacle negotiation, and backward walking. The MAE gain, training speeds and balance activities will be progressively increased within and across sessions to challenge the participant. | Other | Control of lateral COM motion during and after walking practiced in the MAE |
Primary outcome
Minimum average lateral center of mass (COM) excursion
Time frame: For Aim 1, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Minimum average lateral COM excursion occurring during 5 consecutive gait cycles will be calculated as our metric of ability to control lateral COM motion during walking
Minimum lateral Margin Of Stability (MOS)
Time frame: For Aim 1, margin of stability will be calculated at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, margin of stability will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Minimum lateral margin of stability is the distance between the lateral extrapolated center of mass (XCOM) and the base of support (BOS), approximated as the lateral position of the 5th metatarsal marker on the side of the last initial contact. Minimum MOS is identified during stance phase of each step. Extrapolated center of mass (XCOM) position is calculated using: XCOM= COM + COM* √ l/g
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
Time frame: For Aim 1, 10MWT will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, 10MWT will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
10MWT is a simple measurement of an individual's average walking speed measured at self-selected speed (instruction: "walk at your normal comfortable pace") and fastest-possible speed (instruction: "as fast as you safely can").
Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Time frame: For Aim 1, TUG will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, TUG will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
TUG is used to assess functional mobility, walking balance, and fall risk. It is a quick, valid, reliable and widely used clinical performance based measure in individuals post-stroke. While there is no time limit to the TUG test, more time taken to finish the task indicates poor balance and greater fall-risk.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Time frame: For Aim 1, BBS will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, BBS will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
BBS is a 14-item measure that assesses static balance with excellent validity and reliability in individuals post-stroke. The total score for this test is 56. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 56. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower fall-risk, while lower scores indicate poor balance and increased fall-risk.
Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale
Time frame: For Aim 1, ABC will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, ABC will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
ABC scale is a self-reported measure of an individual's confidence while performing specific postural and ambulatory activities. The ABC is a reliable and valid measure of balance confidence in individuals post-stroke. The total score for ABC scale is 1600. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 1600. Higher scores indicate better balance confidence, while lower scores indicate poor balance confidence.
Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
Time frame: For Aim 1, DGI will be performed at session 1 to determine baseline functional status. For Aim 2, DGI will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
DGI is an eight item test that assesses gait, balance and fall risk during usual steady-state walking and walking during more challenging tasks. The total score for this test is 24. Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 24. Higher scores indicate better walking balance, while lower scores indicate poor walking balance.
6 Minute Walk Test (6WMT)
Time frame: For Aim 2, 6WMT will be performed at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered during 6 minutes of walking indicate participants exercise tolerance. The vitals measures before and after the 6MWT indicate the cardiovascular and respiratory response to exercise.
Stepping Activity in the Home and Community
Time frame: For Aim 2, the stepping activity will be assessed for a period of one week after session 1 and session 12 (post 5 weeks of training). Participants will be asked to wear the monitor during all waking hours.
The amount of daily stepping in the home and community taken per day averaged across the 7-day collection periods before and after training will be assessed for Aim 2. Daily stepping will be measured and recorded using a StepWatch4 (Modus, Edmonds, WA) activity monitor. The microprocessor-based accelerometer will be worn around the ankle during all waking hours (except bathing) for the duration of the stepping assessment period.
7 secondary outcomes
Step length
Time frame: For Aim 1, step length will be performed at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, step length will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Step width
Time frame: For Aim 1, step width will be performed at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, step width will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.
Heart rate
Time frame: For Aim 2, heart rate will be collected before and after each of the 10 one hour long training sessions over 5 weeks. Vitals will be collected at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Both these sessions will be two hours long.
Blood pressure
Time frame: For Aim 2, blood pressure will be collected before and after each of the 10 one hour long training sessions over 5 weeks. Vitals will be collected at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Both these sessions will be two hours long.
Exertion
Time frame: For Aim 2, participants level of exertion will be collected throughout the 10 training sessions over 5 weeks. Each training session will be one hour long.
Number of steps taken during training session
Time frame: For Aim 2, the total number of steps during training will be collected after each of the 10 training session over 5 weeks. Each training session will be one hour long.
Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) scale
Time frame: For both Aims 1 and 2, CMSA scale will be collected at session 1 to determine participants stroke recovery. This session will be two hours long.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 May 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified data from this study will be uploaded on the Northwestern University Research and Data repository (Arch) so that it is fully available to other parties interested in probing the data further and performing secondary analyses.
Related trials for Stroke
Recruiting
Discontinuation of Antithrombotic Treatment Following Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Young Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Patent Foramen Ovale, Ischemic Stroke
Active, not recruiting
Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion for Prophylactic Stroke Reduction Trial
Ischemic Stroke, Systemic Embolism
Recruiting
Hand and Arm Motor Recovery Via Non-invasive Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation After Stroke
Stroke, Ischemic, Chronic Stroke
RecruitingObservational study
Correlation Between Clinical Neurological Biomarkers and Rehabilitation Outcome
Stroke
Not yet recruitingEarly Phase 1
Early Botulinum Toxin for Muscle Stiffness Reduction in First-Time Stroke Patients: Improving Recovery and Independence
Spasticity, Stroke
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Keith Gordon, PhD principal investigator
Assistant Professor, Northwestern University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High intensity gait training in a balance challenging Movement amplification environment in people with Stroke, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Minimum average lateral center of mass (COM) excursion (time frame: For Aim 1, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after a week on session 2. For Aim 2, COM excursion will be calculated at session 1 and after 5 weeks of training at session 12. Each of these sessions will be two hours long.). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 May 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 5 Nov 2026.