PneumoniaROAD HomeNCT06106204
Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge Home
A study testing ROAD Home Intervention in people with Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this two-arm parallel cluster-randomized trial of 40 hospitals is to test the effectiveness of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or urinary tract infection (UTI). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection, Antibiotic Stewardship
- What is being tested?
- ROAD Home Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2023to 31 Aug 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All Patients:
- Adult patient admitted and discharged from the participating hospital and included in HMS registry
- Admitted to a general care medicine service
- Received any eligible antibiotic during the symptom collection window (-1 to +2 days for UTI; day 1 or 2 for pneumonia)
- Immunocompetent (allowing for mild immune suppression)
- Do not have a concomitant infection (e.g., antibiotic treatment for unrelated infection or prophylaxis)
Show all 11Show fewer
- Specific inclusion criteria for patients with UTI:
- Positive urine culture
- Have normal urinary anatomy
- Specific inclusion criteria for patients with pneumonia:
- Discharge diagnosis of pneumonia
Who cannot join
- All Patients:
- Left against medical advice or refused medical care
- Admitted on hospice
- Pregnant
- Unable to determine actual or expected antibiotic duration
- Specific exclusions for patients with UTI:
Show all 10Show fewer
- spinal cord injury
- Specific exclusions for patients with pneumonia:
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pneumonia-related complication (e.g., empyema)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: A Parallel Cluster Randomized Trial of a Participatory Approach to Reduce Overuse of Antibiotics at Hospital Discharge: The ROAD Home Trial
The goal of this two-arm parallel cluster-randomized trial of 40 hospitals is to test the effectiveness of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or urinary tract infection (UTI). The main question it aims to answer is: Does an antibiotic stewardship approach that is customized to the needs, goals, and resources of a hospital (i.e., the ROAD Home Intervention) compared to standard stewardship approaches reduce antibiotic overuse at discharge in hospitalized patients with CAP and UTI? The investigators will randomize 20 hospitals in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS) to the intervention group and 20 HMS hospitals to the "usual care" control group. During the study the investigators will: (a) assess baseline performance, existing stewardship strategies, hospital priorities, and resources; (b) develop a customized discharge stewardship "suite" for each intervention hospital based on the findings of the baseline assessment and informed by the ROAD Home Framework; and (c) support hospitals in selecting strategies and creating an implementation blueprint to be implemented over 12 to 15 months. After the intervention period, the investigators will compare days of antibiotic overuse at discharge and patient outcomes between intervention and "usual care" hospitals. It is hypothesized that hospitals randomized to the ROAD Home Intervention will have fewer days of antibiotic overuse at discharge compared to "stewardship as usual" control hospitals.
Read the detailed description
The Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge (ROAD) Home study is designed to test the hypothesis that hospitals randomized to an implementation intervention that includes external facilitation to support participants while allowing for free choice in selecting and implementing evidence-based antibiotic stewardship strategies based on local context will have fewer days of antibiotic overuse at discharge than "stewardship as usual" control hospitals. The first aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge for hospitalized patients treated for CAP and UTI. The second aim of this study is to identify contextual factors influencing the implementation of the ROAD Home Intervention and to assess implementation outcomes (acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and sustainment) to inform future broad dissemination.
A two-arm, parallel, cluster-randomized trial will assess the effect of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge. Forty hospitals will be recruited from the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS; https://mi-hms.org/), a statewide 69-hospital collaborative consisting of diverse hospitals and focused on improving the care of hospitalized patients. HMS hospitals that agree to participate will undergo covariate-constrained randomization to improve balancing of critical hospital characteristics between groups with 1:1 allocation to the ROAD Home intervention vs. a "stewardship as usual" control. In the 12- to 15-month intervention period, hospitals will implement the intervention while investigators assess days of antibiotic overuse at discharge and patient outcomes. During the intervention period and in the 9-month post-intervention period, investigators will conduct a theory-informed mixed-methods process evaluation to evaluate barriers, facilitators, and implementation outcomes across hospitals.
- Being tested
- ROAD Home Intervention
- Keywords
- Antibiotic Stewardship, Hospital Discharge, Urinary Tract Infection, Pneumonia, Facilitation, Adaptation, i-PARIHS Framework, Implementation Research Logic Model
- Medical subject headings
- Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ROAD Home InterventionOther
Hospitals randomized to receive the ROAD Home Intervention will undergo (1) a baseline needs assessment to create a customized suite of stewardship strategies, (2) supported decision-making in selecting ROAD Home strategies to implement, and (3) external facilitation following an implementation blueprint.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ROAD Home Intervention | Experimental | Hospitals randomized to receive the ROAD Home Intervention will receive an implementation intervention that includes external facilitation to support them in selecting and implementing evidence-based antibiotic stewardship strategies based on local context and the ROAD Home framework (https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/74/9/1696/6374407). Receives: Other: ROAD Home Intervention |
| Stewardship as Usual | No intervention | Hospitals randomized to the control group will continue usual antibiotic stewardship activities. Although control hospitals are part of the HMS collaborative, during the intervention period they will not receive any of the ROAD Home Intervention components including analysis of their baseline data or needs assessment, customized suite of stewardship strategies, supported decision-making in selecting ROAD Home strategies to implement, an implementation blueprint, adaptable stewardship tools, or external facilitation from study investigators. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Days of antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge
Antibiotic overuse at discharge is a composite score of unnecessary antibiotic use, excessive antibiotic duration, and avoidable fluoroquinolones. The score is number of days of antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge.
Measured: 12 months; from discharge prescription
Secondary outcomes (1)
Number of cases with antibiotic-associated adverse events
This is a composite metric that includes patient-reported and physician-reported adverse events that are abstracted through chart review (routinely performed as part of being part of the HMS collaborative) as well as Clostridioides difficile laboratory events. The score is the number of cases who had antibiotic-associated adverse-events.
Measured: 12 months; 30-days post hospital discharge
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Oct 2023
- Study start1 Nov 2023
- Primary completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Aug 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PneumoniaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of UtahThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two-arm, parallel, cluster-randomized trial of 40 hospitals randomized to an implementation intervention designed to support antibiotic stewardship interventions vs. usual care control.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Utah
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Michigan
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Valerie Vaughn, University of Utah
- Investigators
- Valerie M Vaughn, MD, Principal investigator, University of Utah
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06106204
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R01HS029482
- Acronym
- ROAD Home
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Oct 2023
- Last updated
- 14 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Hospitals enrolled in the study will report aggregate patient data. No IPD will be shared.
Publications
Vaughn VM, Ratz D, Greene MT, Flanders SA, Gandhi TN, Petty LA, Huls S, Feng X, White AT, Hersh AL. Antibiotic Stewardship Strategies and Their Association With Antibiotic Overuse After Hospital Discharge: An Analysis of the Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge (Road) Home Framework. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 29;75(6):1063-1072. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac104.
PubMed 35143638Vaughn VM, Gandhi TN, Chopra V, Petty LA, Giesler DL, Malani AN, Bernstein SJ, Hsaiky LM, Pogue JM, Dumkow L, Ratz D, McLaughlin ES, Flanders SA. Antibiotic Overuse After Hospital Discharge: A Multi-hospital Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 6;73(11):e4499-e4506. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1372.
PubMed 32918077Vaughn VM, Hersh AL, Spivak ES. Antibiotic Overuse and Stewardship at Hospital Discharge: The Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge Home Framework. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 May 3;74(9):1696-1702. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab842.
PubMed 34554249Vaughn VM, Horowitz J, Gandhi T, Neetz RA, Petty L, Hersh A, Lindenauer P, Bernstein SJ, Flanders SA, Harrison JD, Smith JD, White AT, Szymczak JE. Developing an approach to enhance recruitment for a cluster-randomised implementation trial: leveraging deliberative participation and credible messengers. BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 16;15(9):e094925. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094925.
PubMed 40962335Szymczak JE, Petty LA, Gandhi TN, Neetz RA, Hersh A, Presson AP, Lindenauer PK, Bernstein SJ, Muller BM, White AT, Horowitz JK, Flanders SA, Smith JD, Vaughn VM. Protocol for a parallel cluster randomized trial of a participatory tailored approach to reduce overuse of antibiotics at hospital discharge: the ROAD home trial. Implement Sci. 2024 Mar 4;19(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13012-024-01348-w.
PubMed 38439076
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Parallel Cluster Randomized Trial of a Participatory Approach to Reduce Overuse of Antibiotics at Hospital Discharge: The ROAD Home Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06106204
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ROAD Home / R01HS029482
- Keywords
- Antibiotic Stewardship, Hospital Discharge, Urinary Tract Infection, Pneumonia, Facilitation, Adaptation, i-PARIHS Framework, Implementation Research Logic Model
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of UtahUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Michigan
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this two-arm parallel cluster-randomized trial of 40 hospitals is to test the effectiveness of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or urinary tract infection (UTI). The main question it aims to answer is: Does an antibiotic stewardship approach that is customized to the needs, goals, and resources of a hospital (i.e., the ROAD Home Intervention) compared to standard stewardship approaches reduce antibiotic overuse at discharge in hospitalized patients with CAP and UTI? The investigators will randomize 20 hospitals in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS) to the intervention group and 20 HMS hospitals to the "usual care" control group. During the study the investigators will: (a) assess baseline performance, existing stewardship strategies, hospital priorities, and resources; (b) develop a customized discharge stewardship "suite" for each intervention hospital based on the findings of the baseline assessment and informed by the ROAD Home Framework; and (c) support hospitals in selecting strategies and creating an implementation blueprint to be implemented over 12 to 15 months. After the intervention period, the investigators will compare days of antibiotic overuse at discharge and patient outcomes between intervention and "usual care" hospitals. It is hypothesized that hospitals randomized to the ROAD Home Intervention will have fewer days of antibiotic overuse at discharge compared to "stewardship as usual" control hospitals.
Detailed description
The Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge (ROAD) Home study is designed to test the hypothesis that hospitals randomized to an implementation intervention that includes external facilitation to support participants while allowing for free choice in selecting and implementing evidence-based antibiotic stewardship strategies based on local context will have fewer days of antibiotic overuse at discharge than "stewardship as usual" control hospitals. The first aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge for hospitalized patients treated for CAP and UTI. The second aim of this study is to identify contextual factors influencing the implementation of the ROAD Home Intervention and to assess implementation outcomes (acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and sustainment) to inform future broad dissemination.
A two-arm, parallel, cluster-randomized trial will assess the effect of the ROAD Home Intervention on days of antibiotic overuse at discharge. Forty hospitals will be recruited from the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium (HMS; https://mi-hms.org/), a statewide 69-hospital collaborative consisting of diverse hospitals and focused on improving the care of hospitalized patients. HMS hospitals that agree to participate will undergo covariate-constrained randomization to improve balancing of critical hospital characteristics between groups with 1:1 allocation to the ROAD Home intervention vs. a "stewardship as usual" control. In the 12- to 15-month intervention period, hospitals will implement the intervention while investigators assess days of antibiotic overuse at discharge and patient outcomes. During the intervention period and in the 9-month post-intervention period, investigators will conduct a theory-informed mixed-methods process evaluation to evaluate barriers, facilitators, and implementation outcomes across hospitals.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two-arm, parallel, cluster-randomized trial of 40 hospitals randomized to an implementation intervention designed to support antibiotic stewardship interventions vs. usual care control.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ROAD Home Intervention | Experimental | Other: ROAD Home InterventionHospitals randomized to receive the ROAD Home Intervention will receive an implementation intervention that includes external facilitation to support them in selecting and implementing evidence-based antibiotic stewardship strategies based on local context and the ROAD Home framework (https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/74/9/1696/6374407). |
| Stewardship as Usual | No intervention | –Hospitals randomized to the control group will continue usual antibiotic stewardship activities. Although control hospitals are part of the HMS collaborative, during the intervention period they will not receive any of the ROAD Home Intervention components including analysis of their baseline data or needs assessment, customized suite of stewardship strategies, supported decision-making in selecting ROAD Home strategies to implement, an implementation blueprint, adaptable stewardship tools, or external facilitation from study investigators. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Adult patient admitted and discharged from the participating hospital and included in HMS registry
- Admitted to a general care medicine service
- Received any eligible antibiotic during the symptom collection window (-1 to +2 days for UTI; day 1 or 2 for pneumonia)
- Immunocompetent (allowing for mild immune suppression)
- Do not have a concomitant infection (e.g., antibiotic treatment for unrelated infection or prophylaxis)
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Left against medical advice or refused medical care
- Admitted on hospice
- Pregnant
- Unable to determine actual or expected antibiotic duration
- spinal cord injury
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ROAD Home InterventionHospitals randomized to receive the ROAD Home Intervention will undergo (1) a baseline needs assessment to create a customized suite of stewardship strategies, (2) supported decision-making in selecting ROAD Home strategies to implement, and (3) external facilitation following an implementation blueprint. | Other | ROAD Home Intervention |
Primary outcome
Days of antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge
Time frame: 12 months; from discharge prescription
Antibiotic overuse at discharge is a composite score of unnecessary antibiotic use, excessive antibiotic duration, and avoidable fluoroquinolones. The score is number of days of antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge.
1 secondary outcome
Number of cases with antibiotic-associated adverse events
Time frame: 12 months; 30-days post hospital discharge
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35143638Vaughn VM, Ratz D, Greene MT, Flanders SA, Gandhi TN, Petty LA, Huls S, Feng X, White AT, Hersh AL. Antibiotic Stewardship Strategies and Their Association With Antibiotic Overuse After Hospital Discharge: An Analysis of the Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge (Road) Home Framework. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 29;75(6):1063-1072. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac104.
- Background: PubMed 32918077Vaughn VM, Gandhi TN, Chopra V, Petty LA, Giesler DL, Malani AN, Bernstein SJ, Hsaiky LM, Pogue JM, Dumkow L, Ratz D, McLaughlin ES, Flanders SA. Antibiotic Overuse After Hospital Discharge: A Multi-hospital Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 6;73(11):e4499-e4506. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1372.
- Background: PubMed 34554249Vaughn VM, Hersh AL, Spivak ES. Antibiotic Overuse and Stewardship at Hospital Discharge: The Reducing Overuse of Antibiotics at Discharge Home Framework. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 May 3;74(9):1696-1702. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab842.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40962335Vaughn VM, Horowitz J, Gandhi T, Neetz RA, Petty L, Hersh A, Lindenauer P, Bernstein SJ, Flanders SA, Harrison JD, Smith JD, White AT, Szymczak JE. Developing an approach to enhance recruitment for a cluster-randomised implementation trial: leveraging deliberative participation and credible messengers. BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 16;15(9):e094925. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094925.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38439076Szymczak JE, Petty LA, Gandhi TN, Neetz RA, Hersh A, Presson AP, Lindenauer PK, Bernstein SJ, Muller BM, White AT, Horowitz JK, Flanders SA, Smith JD, Vaughn VM. Protocol for a parallel cluster randomized trial of a participatory tailored approach to reduce overuse of antibiotics at hospital discharge: the ROAD home trial. Implement Sci. 2024 Mar 4;19(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13012-024-01348-w.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Hospitals enrolled in the study will report aggregate patient data. No IPD will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Valerie M Vaughn, MD principal investigator
University of Utah
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ROAD Home Intervention in people with Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection, run by University of Utah at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Days of antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge (time frame: 12 months; from discharge prescription). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06106204, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jan 2026.