Sports Physical TherapyNCT06112015
Muscle Activations During Bulgarian Split Squat Exercise Variations
A study testing Bulgarian split squat exercise variations in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Ordu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
It is essential to practice and train appropriate activation techniques to ensure optimum strength development. Knowing the effects of exercise variations that will minimize the tension forces acting on the knee by increasing the activation of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles, which are critical during sports… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Bulgarian split squat exercise variations
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 21 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2022to 30 May 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a licensed athlete in one's own field,
- Having been engaged in sports for at least 2 years
Who cannot join
- Individuals with any musculoskeletal injury history in the lower extremities and trunk that could impede exercise within the last year,
- Individuals with systemic, neurological, and/or cognitive issues,
- Individuals experiencing pain in the lower extremities and trunk during exercises
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Trunk Position on Muscle Activations During Traditional and Suspension Based Bulgarian Split Squat
It is essential to practice and train appropriate activation techniques to ensure optimum strength development. Knowing the effects of exercise variations that will minimize the tension forces acting on the knee by increasing the activation of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles, which are critical during sports activities, is extremely important in terms of preventing injuries. The aim of this study is to compare muscular activations during traditional and suspension-based Bulgarian split squat exercises and to examine the effect of trunk position on muscular activations.
Read the detailed description
This study utilized a single-group repeated-measures design, where 4 conditions-Bugarian split squat with trunk flexion (BSS flexion), Bulgarian Split squat with trunk neutral (BSS neutral), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (SBSS flexion), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk neutral (SBSS neutral)-were examined.Participants had to make two separate trips to the lab in order to be accepted into the study. All exercises were introduced to participants at the initial visit. Prior to beginning the exercises on the second visit, the participants' maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values were calculated. The muscle activity of the gluteus medius (GMed), gluteus maximus (GMax), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF),and erector spina (ES) was monitored through the root mean square surface EMG signal amplitude. The order of the tasks was chosen for each person by straightforward randomization (by selecting from a deck of shuffled cards) so order to reduce the impact of the sequence of the exercises.The modified Borg scale was used to ensure that fatigue did not occur before each exercise since it was believed that fatigue could affect exercise performance.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Bulgarian split squat exercise variations
- Keywords
- Electromyography, Exercise Theraphy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bulgarian split squat exercise variationsOther
The participants performed 4 different sessions of Bulgarian split squat exercises-Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (BSS flexion), Bulgarian Split squat with trunk neutral (BSS neutral), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (SBSS flexion), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk neutral (SBSS neutral)-with EMG recordings being taken from the dominant extremity throughout each session. For each exercise, participants were instructed to perform three successful repetitions. Between each repetition, there was a 30-second break, and there was at least 10 minutes in between each of the 4 exercises. The movement was standardized by a metronome. The modified Borg scale was used to ensure that fatigue did not occur before each exercise since it was believed that fatigue could affect exercise performance. When scores reported using the modified Borg scale were 1 or lower, exercise recording was started.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| female athletes | Experimental | 21 female athletes from different branches performed 4 different sessions of Bulgarian split squat exercises. Receives: Other: Bulgarian split squat exercise variations |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Surface EMG Measurement
During data collection, the EMG Noraxon MiniDTS system (Noraxon Inc.) was used to measure the signals from the muscle. Additionally, the participants were video-recorded to prevent any potential mistakes that might have gone unnoticed during the activities.
Measured: in an average of one hour
Normalization of Surface EMG
To normalize the EMG data obtained during the exercises, MVIC was performed for each muscle.
Participants were asked to warm up on a treadmill at submaximal speed for 8 minutes before starting the measurements. Measurements were performed with 3 repetitions, each lasting 5 seconds, and a 1-minute rest period between repetitions. During the measurements, participants were verbally encouraged to give their maximum effort. After the MVIC measurements, participants were given a 5-minute rest period.
Measured: in an average of one hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Nov 2023
- Study start1 Jul 2022
- Primary completion1 Sep 2022
- Study completion30 May 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ordu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gazi University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elif AYGUN POLAT, Ordu University
- Investigators
- Elif AYGUN POLAT, Principal investigator, Ordu UniversityNevin A. GUZEL, Study director, Gazi UniversitySonay GURUHAN, Principal investigator, Gazi UniversityNihan KAFA, Principal investigator, Gazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06112015
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ODU-SBFTR-AYGUNPOLAT
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 19 Oct 2023
- Last updated
- 5 Dec 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Aygun-Polat E, Guzel NA, Guruhan S, Polat Y, Karatas N. Targeted muscle activation in Bulgarian split squat variations: effects of trunk position and suspension-based execution. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Aug 27;17(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01306-z.
PubMed 40867012
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Dec 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Trunk Position on Muscle Activations During Traditional and Suspension Based Bulgarian Split Squat
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06112015
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ODU-SBFTR-AYGUNPOLAT
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Electromyography, Exercise Theraphy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ordu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gazi University
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It is essential to practice and train appropriate activation techniques to ensure optimum strength development. Knowing the effects of exercise variations that will minimize the tension forces acting on the knee by increasing the activation of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex muscles, which are critical during sports activities, is extremely important in terms of preventing injuries. The aim of this study is to compare muscular activations during traditional and suspension-based Bulgarian split squat exercises and to examine the effect of trunk position on muscular activations.
Detailed description
This study utilized a single-group repeated-measures design, where 4 conditions-Bugarian split squat with trunk flexion (BSS flexion), Bulgarian Split squat with trunk neutral (BSS neutral), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (SBSS flexion), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk neutral (SBSS neutral)-were examined.Participants had to make two separate trips to the lab in order to be accepted into the study. All exercises were introduced to participants at the initial visit. Prior to beginning the exercises on the second visit, the participants' maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values were calculated. The muscle activity of the gluteus medius (GMed), gluteus maximus (GMax), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF),and erector spina (ES) was monitored through the root mean square surface EMG signal amplitude. The order of the tasks was chosen for each person by straightforward randomization (by selecting from a deck of shuffled cards) so order to reduce the impact of the sequence of the exercises.The modified Borg scale was used to ensure that fatigue did not occur before each exercise since it was believed that fatigue could affect exercise performance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| female athletes | Experimental | Other: Bulgarian split squat exercise variations21 female athletes from different branches performed 4 different sessions of Bulgarian split squat exercises. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being a licensed athlete in one's own field,
- Having been engaged in sports for at least 2 years
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Individuals with any musculoskeletal injury history in the lower extremities and trunk that could impede exercise within the last year,
- Individuals with systemic, neurological, and/or cognitive issues,
- Individuals experiencing pain in the lower extremities and trunk during exercises
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bulgarian split squat exercise variationsThe participants performed 4 different sessions of Bulgarian split squat exercises-Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (BSS flexion), Bulgarian Split squat with trunk neutral (BSS neutral), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk flexion (SBSS flexion), suspension based Bulgarian split squat with trunk neutral (SBSS neutral)-with EMG recordings being taken from the dominant extremity throughout each session. For each exercise, participants were instructed to perform three successful repetitions. Between each repetition, there was a 30-second break, and there was at least 10 minutes in between each of the 4 exercises. The movement was standardized by a metronome. The modified Borg scale was used to ensure that fatigue did not occur before each exercise since it was believed that fatigue could affect exercise performance. When scores reported using the modified Borg scale were 1 or lower, exercise recording was started. | Other | female athletes |
Primary outcome
Surface EMG Measurement
Time frame: in an average of one hour
During data collection, the EMG Noraxon MiniDTS system (Noraxon Inc.) was used to measure the signals from the muscle. Additionally, the participants were video-recorded to prevent any potential mistakes that might have gone unnoticed during the activities.
Normalization of Surface EMG
Time frame: in an average of one hour
To normalize the EMG data obtained during the exercises, MVIC was performed for each muscle. Participants were asked to warm up on a treadmill at submaximal speed for 8 minutes before starting the measurements. Measurements were performed with 3 repetitions, each lasting 5 seconds, and a 1-minute rest period between repetitions. During the measurements, participants were verbally encouraged to give their maximum effort. After the MVIC measurements, participants were given a 5-minute rest period.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Dec 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40867012Aygun-Polat E, Guzel NA, Guruhan S, Polat Y, Karatas N. Targeted muscle activation in Bulgarian split squat variations: effects of trunk position and suspension-based execution. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Aug 27;17(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01306-z.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Elif AYGUN POLAT principal investigator
Ordu University
Nevin A. GUZEL study director
Gazi University
Sonay GURUHAN principal investigator
Gazi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bulgarian split squat exercise variations in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Ordu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Surface EMG Measurement (time frame: in an average of one hour). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06112015, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Dec 2024.