Investıgatıon Of The Effect Of Traınıng And Counselıng Provıded By Tele Nursing

It is estimated that osteoarthritis, which causes low quality of life in old age and is one of the serious obstacles to physical independence, affects more than 250 million people in the world, as the elderly population in the world and in our country increases. Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage, accompanied by pain and loss of function, and its etiology is not yet fully known; It is a chronic joint disease that is accompanied by metabolic, genetic and other affecting factors.

The most common area of osteoarthritis is the knees, and its progression is generally slow. Knee osteoarthritis is a public health problem due to increasing age, obesity and the increase in knee traumas. Knee osteoarthritis begins to occur at the age of 40 and is estimated to be more common in women than in men. According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, osteoarthritis is seen at a rate of 18% in women aged 60 and over and 9.6% in men (6). It has been stated that the prevalence of osteoarthritis increases as the elderly population increases in the USA, and 62% of osteoarthritis patients in New Zealand have knee osteoarthritis. According to the Health Survey data conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2019) in our country, it is stated that 11.2% of the population has problems related to osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis is a disease with multiple etiologies consisting of regional and systemic factors. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as age, gender, nutrition, genetics, obesity, trauma, alignment disorders, occupation, physical activity, and muscle weakness. In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, total knee prosthesis (TKA) is applied to patients when conservative approaches such as medical and physical therapy are insufficient and surgical interventions such as osteotomy and debridement fail to yield results. TDP; It is the process of replacing the damaged joint surface (tibial, femoral, patellar joint surfaces) in the knee, which develops due to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis and other nonspecific arthritis, with metal or polyethylene prostheses. The purpose of total knee prosthesis is; It is applied to increase knee joint functions, correct deformities, reduce pain, and also improve the quality of life of individuals.

Patients who undergo TKA surgery are generally in the elderly group. In this group, patients with chronic diseases (atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive lung), those who have previously undergone orthopedic surgery, long-term surgery, inappropriate prosthesis selection for the individual, metabolic problems, soft tissue problems, problems in bone tissue and prosthesis design. Errors in application technique increase the risk of morbidity and mortality before, during and after TKA surgery.

Since FFP surgery is a major orthopedic surgical intervention, it can lead to serious complications. These complications; Complications related to the wound site include neurovascular complications (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism), infection (superficial infection, deep infection), patellafemoral problems, instability, joint stiffness, early aseptic loosening, osteolysis and periprosthetic fracture formation. Especially in case of serious complications such as aseptic loosening, infection and pain, the patient cannot use the prosthesis and revision may be required.

Nurses working in the field of orthopedics have an important role in reducing/preventing complications and re-surgeries related to TKA surgery, increasing patient satisfaction and reducing care costs. Basic principles of orthopedic nursing in patients who will undergo TKA surgery; It includes preventing possible complications, ensuring the functionality of the knee and preserving mobilization. At the same time, orthopedic nurses should give detailed counseling to patients, starting from the preoperative period, about preoperative preparation, surgical procedure, postoperative care, home care after discharge (medication use, exercise, nutrition, wound care, etc.), complications that may develop and initiatives to prevent them. . The advisory role of the nursing profession; It is expected that the society will recognize and use its own opportunities and resources regarding protecting and improving public health, increasing the quality of life, coping with disease-related problems, and ensuring that patients have access to scientific information. Effective counseling carried out by the nurse; It accelerates recovery and facilitates the adaptation of the patient and his family to the process.

Today, patients are discharged early after surgery due to the insufficient number of beds in hospitals, the cost of long-term stays, and the increased risk of infection. Early discharge can turn into a troublesome process for the patient and his family. Because many patients cannot adequately prepare for the post-operative recovery period at home, they feel inadequate and insecure during this process, and their recovery period can last up to a month.