Optimizing Research With Diverse Families - Feasibility and Acceptability Study (FAST)

Feasibility will be measured as the frequency/percentage of children who provide capillary blood sample using the self-administered Tasso® OnDemand SST+ device. Device use will be considered feasible if greater than or equal to 70% of children provide the sample.

Child acceptability will be a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and brief quantitative feedback regarding the blood collection process for children. Parent acceptability will be measured using a 6-point Likert scale with 4 items. Acceptability will be achieved if greater than or equal to 70% of children respond with scores of 1 to 5 ("It was okay, fine" and "It was good, no problem") and 70% of parents report that using the Tasso device is acceptable at or above the "Agree" range - scores of 5 or 6.

Feasibility will be measured as the frequency/percentage who provide at least 3 of the 4 urine samples in the 24-hour period, measured at two time points: baseline and week 8. At-home collection of dried urine samples will be considered feasible if greater than or equal to 70% of children provide the sample.

Child acceptability will be a 6-point Likert scale of 4 questions with a visual analog scale and brief qualitative feedback regarding the urine collection process (range: Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). Parent acceptability will be a 6-point Likert scale with 4 questions (range: Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). Acceptability will be achieved if greater than or equal to 70% of children and parents report that the at-home dried urine collection method is acceptable at or above the "Agree" range - scores of 5 or 6.

The CASI-5 is based on the DSM-5 symptom criteria. The subscales of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) and peer conflict will be combined into a total composite score; range is 0-3 (never, sometimes, often, very often). Higher scores represent a worse outcome. These scores will be used to look for signals of change over time.

The clinician-rated CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) is a subscale of the CGI that rates overall improvement of symptoms based on all relevant data. Item range is 1-7 (very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, very much worse); lower score is better. A treatment responder is defined as a participant who is rated a 1 or 2 on the CGI-I. These scores will be used to look for signals of change over time.

The CGI-Severity (CGI-S) subscale scores compared at the two time points. Item range is 1-7 (normal, borderline ill, mildly ill, moderately ill, markedly ill, severely ill, among the most extremely ill patients); lower score is better; most participants will be a 4 or 5 at baseline. These scores will be used to look for signals of change over time.

Parent report of child's 24-hour dietary intake The Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool is a free, web-based tool. ASA-24 enables multiple, automatically coded, self-administered 24-hour diet recalls and/or single or multi-day food records. Parent will report of child's 24-hour dietary intake at baseline and at week 8. These scores will be used to look control for dietary differences at baseline and to control for dietary changes over time.

Parents are prompted to nominate the child's most impairing behavior and qualitatively describe it, then quantitatively report: 1) frequency: how often the problem behavior occurs (times a day, week), 2) duration: how long the problem behavior lasts when it occurs, 3) intensity: how impairing is it on a scale of 1 to 10. Reporting on the behavior will occur every day, at home, in response to a pre-populated questionnaire designed to be completed in one-two minutes or less, which may be accessed on a mobile phone, tablet or computer. Data will be collected for 60 days. Data will be used to detect signals of change over time.

Feasibility will explore the average number of timepoints the parent/caregiver provided EMA data during the prior weeks before their week 4 and week 8 visit. At-home completion of parent-target-problems will be considered feasible if parents respond to greater than or equal to 70% of the prompts.

Acceptability will be a 6-point Likert scale with 3 questions and brief qualitative feedback regarding the EMA data collection process (range: Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). Acceptability will be achieved if greater than or equal to 70% of parents report that the EMA data collection method is acceptable at or above the "Agree" range, scores of 5 or 6.

Parent will report on possible side effects using PAERS to respond to presence, frequency and severity of 43-items, including: headache, dry mouth, sleep disruptions, nausea, irritability, fatigue, anxiety, changes in appetite, skin rash, migraines, and other (parents specify the symptom). Occurrence of these data will be reported at week 4 and 8.

In order to assess for acceptability, parents whose children drop out of the study before week 7 will be contacted to ask, qualitatively, their reason for dropout. The responses will be recorded and reported .