Maximal Oxygen ConsumptionPhase 1ELLIDANCT06145152
Adaptive Training Recommendations for Improved Physical Performance
A Phase 1 study testing Adaptive exercise training and Static exercise training in people with Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Physical Performance, run by The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
In this study two different training strategies are compared; one is adaptive where the training is adjusted up or down on a daily basis to better match the recovery status (readiness) of the subject. The other strategy is static, i.e. no changes are made depending on readiness level. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Physical Performance
- What is being tested?
- Adaptive exercise training and Static exercise training
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 5 Dec 2023to 27 Feb 2027
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Training history of at least two running sessions per week (5km +) the last 6 months
- No chronic diseases
- Able to perform maximal exercise
- Having used a smart watch for training frequently during the last 3 months
- Willing to use wearable technology (Oura ring, continuous glucose monitor, running GPS watch)
Who cannot join
- Heart, lung or metabolic disease
- Recurrent running injuries
- Not willing to use wearable devices
- Performing a subtantial amount of non-running exercise training
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Sweden1 site
Swedish School of Sports and Health Sciences
Stockholm, Stockholm County, 114 86
About this study
Official title: Using AI-generated Adaptive Training Recommendations to Improve Physical Performance
In this study two different training strategies are compared; one is adaptive where the training is adjusted up or down on a daily basis to better match the recovery status (readiness) of the subject. The other strategy is static, i.e. no changes are made depending on readiness level. Instead the subjects in the static group are encouraged to perform the prescribed training.
The training intervention will last for 8 weeks.
Thorough physiological tests will be performed pre and post the training intervention together with muscle biopsies for assessment of mitochondrial function.
Read the detailed description
40 recreational athletes, 20 male and 20 females, will be recruited to this study. The research subjects will be stratified into two groups: an Adaptive and a Static training group. The training sessions will be mainly home-based training according to daily instructions from an online application. Testing sessions will be performed on a laboratory treadmill. During the entire period (run-in + training period) the participants will wear continuous glucose monitors for minute-by-minute glucose tracking, an Oura ring for sleep measurements, a Garmin GPS watch with heart rate chest-strap for training data and answer questiions regarding subjective well-being using an online application (Readiness Advisor).
The training program will be a mixture of training sessions based on the experience levels of the research subject.
During the onboarding session, data from each persons Garmin watch, will be used to create an optimal training program that takes into account recent training history and which type of training each subject responds the best to. For the subjects in the Adaptive group the training will be adjusted up or down on a daily basis based on subjective readiness, sleep or glucose control. The subjects in the Static group will not get any adjustments in their training program regardless of readiness level.
The length of the training intervention will be 8 weeks.
In addition to adjusting the training for the adaptive group based on daily readiness, the training in that group will be adjusted based on actual training done. For example if a participant fails to reach his suggested heart rate range during a prescribed session, the training load for upcoming sessions will be recalculated so that the weekly overall training load goal is achieved. This kind of adjustments will not be done in the static training group.
Both pre and post the training period a battery of physiological tests will be done including determination of VO2max, lactate threshold and running economy. A performance test (3000m time-trial) will be done on a running track.
A muscle biopsy will be donated from the Vastus Lateralis for assessment of mitochondrial function, efficiency, capacity and density using a combination of methods including respirometry, western blot and enzymatic methods. Capillarization and number of myonuclei will be assessed using histochemical staining. In addition muscle buffering capacity will be investigated using an acid-titration assay.
In addition to the physiological and biochemical investigation, parameters such as subjective training tolerability, perceived pleasure of the training and number of dropouts are important objectives in the proposed studie.
Statistical power calculation. Based on the parallel group design, 80% power, an alpha of 0.05 and a coefficient of variation of 2.4% for VO2max, 4.2% for performance and 14% for mitochondrial function, a differences can be detected between groups of 6%, 11% and 26% for the three outcomes if 15 participants per group are included. 20 subjects will be recruited per group to allow for 5 dropouts per group.
- Conditions
- Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Physical Performance
- Being tested
- Adaptive exercise training, Static exercise training
- Keywords
- exercise, AI
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Adaptive exercise trainingProcedure or surgery
The training recommendation for the day will be adjusted based on the readiness level. The adjustments can be both up or down (increased or decreased training)
Static exercise trainingProcedure or surgery
The training recommendation for the day will not be adjusted based on the readiness level.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Adaptive | Experimental | Subjects in the Adaptive group will get updated and adjusted training programs based on daily readiness level Receives: Procedure: Adaptive exercise training |
| Static | Active comparator | Subjects in the Static group will get the same inital training program as the Adaptive group but will not get updated and adjusted training programs based on daily readiness level Receives: Procedure: Static exercise training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physical performance
3000 meter time trial performance
Measured: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
Secondary outcomes (2)
Maximal oxygen consumption
maximal oxygen consumption at the end of an incremental exercise stress test
Measured: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
Lactate threshold
lactate threshold (anaerobic threshold) as assessed by blood lactate concentration during a submaximal running test on the treadmill
Measured: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Nov 2023
- Study start5 Dec 2023
- Primary completion25 Feb 2026
- Study completion27 Feb 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Maximal Oxygen ConsumptionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Silicon Valley Exercise Analytics (svexa)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Filip Larsen, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06145152
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Ellida
- Acronym
- ELLIDA
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 8 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Using AI-generated Adaptive Training Recommendations to Improve Physical Performance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06145152
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ELLIDA / Ellida
- Conditions
- Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Physical Performance
- Keywords
- exercise, AI
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Silicon Valley Exercise Analytics (svexa)
- Study start
- 5 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study two different training strategies are compared; one is adaptive where the training is adjusted up or down on a daily basis to better match the recovery status (readiness) of the subject. The other strategy is static, i.e. no changes are made depending on readiness level. Instead the subjects in the static group are encouraged to perform the prescribed training.
The training intervention will last for 8 weeks.
Thorough physiological tests will be performed pre and post the training intervention together with muscle biopsies for assessment of mitochondrial function.
Detailed description
40 recreational athletes, 20 male and 20 females, will be recruited to this study. The research subjects will be stratified into two groups: an Adaptive and a Static training group. The training sessions will be mainly home-based training according to daily instructions from an online application. Testing sessions will be performed on a laboratory treadmill. During the entire period (run-in + training period) the participants will wear continuous glucose monitors for minute-by-minute glucose tracking, an Oura ring for sleep measurements, a Garmin GPS watch with heart rate chest-strap for training data and answer questiions regarding subjective well-being using an online application (Readiness Advisor).
The training program will be a mixture of training sessions based on the experience levels of the research subject.
During the onboarding session, data from each persons Garmin watch, will be used to create an optimal training program that takes into account recent training history and which type of training each subject responds the best to. For the subjects in the Adaptive group the training will be adjusted up or down on a daily basis based on subjective readiness, sleep or glucose control. The subjects in the Static group will not get any adjustments in their training program regardless of readiness level.
The length of the training intervention will be 8 weeks.
In addition to adjusting the training for the adaptive group based on daily readiness, the training in that group will be adjusted based on actual training done. For example if a participant fails to reach his suggested heart rate range during a prescribed session, the training load for upcoming sessions will be recalculated so that the weekly overall training load goal is achieved. This kind of adjustments will not be done in the static training group.
Both pre and post the training period a battery of physiological tests will be done including determination of VO2max, lactate threshold and running economy. A performance test (3000m time-trial) will be done on a running track.
A muscle biopsy will be donated from the Vastus Lateralis for assessment of mitochondrial function, efficiency, capacity and density using a combination of methods including respirometry, western blot and enzymatic methods. Capillarization and number of myonuclei will be assessed using histochemical staining. In addition muscle buffering capacity will be investigated using an acid-titration assay.
In addition to the physiological and biochemical investigation, parameters such as subjective training tolerability, perceived pleasure of the training and number of dropouts are important objectives in the proposed studie.
Statistical power calculation. Based on the parallel group design, 80% power, an alpha of 0.05 and a coefficient of variation of 2.4% for VO2max, 4.2% for performance and 14% for mitochondrial function, a differences can be detected between groups of 6%, 11% and 26% for the three outcomes if 15 participants per group are included. 20 subjects will be recruited per group to allow for 5 dropouts per group.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Adaptive | Experimental | Procedure: Adaptive exercise trainingSubjects in the Adaptive group will get updated and adjusted training programs based on daily readiness level |
| Static | Active comparator | Procedure: Static exercise trainingSubjects in the Static group will get the same inital training program as the Adaptive group but will not get updated and adjusted training programs based on daily readiness level |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Training history of at least two running sessions per week (5km +) the last 6 months
- No chronic diseases
- Able to perform maximal exercise
- Having used a smart watch for training frequently during the last 3 months
- Willing to use wearable technology (Oura ring, continuous glucose monitor, running GPS watch)
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Heart, lung or metabolic disease
- Recurrent running injuries
- Not willing to use wearable devices
- Performing a subtantial amount of non-running exercise training
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Adaptive exercise trainingThe training recommendation for the day will be adjusted based on the readiness level. The adjustments can be both up or down (increased or decreased training) | Procedure or surgery | Adaptive |
| Static exercise trainingThe training recommendation for the day will not be adjusted based on the readiness level. | Procedure or surgery | Static |
Primary outcome
Physical performance
Time frame: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
3000 meter time trial performance
2 secondary outcomes
Maximal oxygen consumption
Time frame: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
Lactate threshold
Time frame: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Adaptive exercise training and Static exercise training in people with Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Physical Performance, run by The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physical performance (time frame: pre intervention and within 5 days post intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2026.