Health, SubjectiveNCT06148987
Turkish Version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire
An observational study of Health, Subjective, run by Çankırı Karatekin University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly automated vehicles. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Health, Subjective
- What is being tested?
- Questionnaire
- How many people
- 330 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Dec 2023to 6 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 55 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Inclusion Criteria: * The inclusion criteria for participants in this validation study require individuals to be 18-55 years, actively use smart devices, provide written consent, possess proficiency in the Turkish language, and not have specific abnormalities or impairments that may hinder accurate survey completion. Ethical considerations, aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, will be maintained throughout the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Conversely, exclusion criteria involve disqualifying individuals below the age of 18 or above 55, non-users of smart devices, those unwilling to provide written consent, individuals lacking proficiency in Turkish, and those with physical or cognitive impairments. This comprehensive approach ensures that participants are suitable for the research, promoting reliable and meaningful responses while upholding ethical standards in the study's execution.
Who may be able to join
- The inclusion criteria for participants in this validation study require individuals to be 18-55 years, actively use smart devices, provide written consent, possess proficiency in the Turkish language, and not have specific abnormalities or impairments that may hinder accurate survey completion. Ethical considerations, aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, will be maintained throughout the study.
Who cannot join
- Conversely, exclusion criteria involve disqualifying individuals below the age of 18 or above 55, non-users of smart devices, those unwilling to provide written consent, individuals lacking proficiency in Turkish, and those with physical or cognitive impairments. This comprehensive approach ensures that participants are suitable for the research, promoting reliable and meaningful responses while upholding ethical standards in the study's execution.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire
Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over more efficient fully automatic task completion.
Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q), developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the Turkish version of the STP-Q.
Read the detailed description
Individuals have developed a unique and enduring relationship with the tools they use. This relationship can be described as the creation and use of tools to define the human species. With advancements in techniques and technologies, complex human-tool interactions now occur in many daily situations. The development of these more complex human-tool interactions accompanies the creation of smarter tools. These advanced tools are increasingly inclined towards autonomy and their functionalities now surpass the understanding of most users, and even the initial designers.
Smart tools are understood as any machine or device that can complete tasks involving information, mechanics, or electronics in lieu of or in connection with individuals. The smartphone can now be considered a ubiquitous example of such tools, reaching approximately half or more of the global population in the past decade. In high-income countries in North America and Europe, over 80% of the population owns a smartphone. The idea that individual differences play a crucial role in the implementation of any technological innovation has become a recurring theme in various disciplines, including information systems, manufacturing, and marketing.
Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over more efficient fully automatic task completion.
Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q), developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the Turkish version of the STP-Q.
- Conditions
- Health, Subjective
- Being tested
- Questionnaire
- Keywords
- Smart Devices, Human-Tool Interaction, Reliability and Validity, Digital Literacy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
QuestionnaireOther
Also called Demographic Data
The translation and cultural adaptation of the survey will be conducted according to the guidelines of Beaton et al. Following the Beaton guidelines, the translation and cultural adaptation steps are as follows: 1) The original version of the survey will be translated into Turkish separately by two individuals whose native language is Turkish and who are proficient in English. One translator will be an English linguistics scholar unfamiliar with the concepts and terms, while the other will be a physiotherapist familiar with the concepts and terms; 2) Subsequently, the translations will be merged into a single text by these two translators; 3) The final Turkish version of the survey will be translated back into English by two translators who are unaware of the study; 4) The translations will then be combined by these two translators to create a harmonized and single text; 5) The back-translation and cultural adaptation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire group | This study will be conducted in Turkey between January and August Ferbruary 2024, and it aims to investigate the Turkish translation, reliability, and validity of the AAE-A survey. All participants must meet the following inclusion criteria: (i) be 18 years old or older, (ii) use smart devices and tools, and (iii) provide written consent to participate. Participants with specific abnormalities such as cognitive or neurological disorders, upper extremity pain, functional limitations, or cognitive impairments will be excluded from the study to ensure the accuracy of the norms. It is estimated that a sample size of 270 individuals, with 10 individuals per item, will be needed for the sample size of this study." Receives: Other: Questionnaire |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Smart Tool Proneness Qustionnaire
The Smart Tool Proneness Qustionnaire (STP-Q): STP-Q is a 27-item self-report scale that assesses an individual's inclination to use smart devices on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The total score of the scale ranges from 27 to 189, where a higher score indicates a stronger inclination. STP-Q provides practitioners with an individual tendency measure in three dimensions of using smart devices: utilitarian use, hedonic and social use, and inclination to delegate tasks.
Measured: 15 Minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Nov 2023
- Study start15 Dec 2023
- Primary completion5 Feb 2024
- Study completion6 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Health, SubjectiveStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 330 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Çankırı Karatekin University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ceyhun Türkmen, Çankırı Karatekin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06148987
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ab2e5654208645eb
- Status last verified
- Feb 2024
- First submitted
- 20 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 7 Feb 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Feb 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06148987
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ab2e5654208645eb
- Conditions
- Health, Subjective
- Keywords
- Smart Devices, Human-Tool Interaction, Reliability and Validity, Digital Literacy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 330 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Çankırı Karatekin UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 6 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over more efficient fully automatic task completion.
Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q), developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the Turkish version of the STP-Q.
Detailed description
Individuals have developed a unique and enduring relationship with the tools they use. This relationship can be described as the creation and use of tools to define the human species. With advancements in techniques and technologies, complex human-tool interactions now occur in many daily situations. The development of these more complex human-tool interactions accompanies the creation of smarter tools. These advanced tools are increasingly inclined towards autonomy and their functionalities now surpass the understanding of most users, and even the initial designers.
Smart tools are understood as any machine or device that can complete tasks involving information, mechanics, or electronics in lieu of or in connection with individuals. The smartphone can now be considered a ubiquitous example of such tools, reaching approximately half or more of the global population in the past decade. In high-income countries in North America and Europe, over 80% of the population owns a smartphone. The idea that individual differences play a crucial role in the implementation of any technological innovation has become a recurring theme in various disciplines, including information systems, manufacturing, and marketing.
Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over more efficient fully automatic task completion.
Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q), developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the Turkish version of the STP-Q.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire group | – | Other: QuestionnaireThis study will be conducted in Turkey between January and August Ferbruary 2024, and it aims to investigate the Turkish translation, reliability, and validity of the AAE-A survey. All participants must meet the following inclusion criteria: (i) be 18 years old or older, (ii) use smart devices and tools, and (iii) provide written consent to participate. Participants with specific abnormalities such as cognitive or neurological disorders, upper extremity pain, functional limitations, or cognitive impairments will be excluded from the study to ensure the accuracy of the norms. It is estimated that a sample size of 270 individuals, with 10 individuals per item, will be needed for the sample size of this study." |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Inclusion Criteria: * The inclusion criteria for participants in this validation study require individuals to be 18-55 years, actively use smart devices, provide written consent, possess proficiency in the Turkish language, and not have specific abnormalities or impairments that may hinder accurate survey completion. Ethical considerations, aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, will be maintained throughout the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Conversely, exclusion criteria involve disqualifying individuals below the age of 18 or above 55, non-users of smart devices, those unwilling to provide written consent, individuals lacking proficiency in Turkish, and those with physical or cognitive impairments. This comprehensive approach ensures that participants are suitable for the research, promoting reliable and meaningful responses while upholding ethical standards in the study's execution.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The inclusion criteria for participants in this validation study require individuals to be 18-55 years, actively use smart devices, provide written consent, possess proficiency in the Turkish language, and not have specific abnormalities or impairments that may hinder accurate survey completion. Ethical considerations, aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, will be maintained throughout the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Conversely, exclusion criteria involve disqualifying individuals below the age of 18 or above 55, non-users of smart devices, those unwilling to provide written consent, individuals lacking proficiency in Turkish, and those with physical or cognitive impairments. This comprehensive approach ensures that participants are suitable for the research, promoting reliable and meaningful responses while upholding ethical standards in the study's execution.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| QuestionnaireAlso: Demographic DataThe translation and cultural adaptation of the survey will be conducted according to the guidelines of Beaton et al. Following the Beaton guidelines, the translation and cultural adaptation steps are as follows: 1) The original version of the survey will be translated into Turkish separately by two individuals whose native language is Turkish and who are proficient in English. One translator will be an English linguistics scholar unfamiliar with the concepts and terms, while the other will be a physiotherapist familiar with the concepts and terms; 2) Subsequently, the translations will be merged into a single text by these two translators; 3) The final Turkish version of the survey will be translated back into English by two translators who are unaware of the study; 4) The translations will then be combined by these two translators to create a harmonized and single text; 5) The back-translation and cultural adaptation | Other | Questionnaire group |
Primary outcome
Smart Tool Proneness Qustionnaire
Time frame: 15 Minutes
The Smart Tool Proneness Qustionnaire (STP-Q): STP-Q is a 27-item self-report scale that assesses an individual's inclination to use smart devices on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The total score of the scale ranges from 27 to 189, where a higher score indicates a stronger inclination. STP-Q provides practitioners with an individual tendency measure in three dimensions of using smart devices: utilitarian use, hedonic and social use, and inclination to delegate tasks.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Feb 2024.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Health, Subjective, run by Çankırı Karatekin University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Feb 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Smart Tool Proneness Qustionnaire (time frame: 15 Minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Feb 2024.