Effects of Back Massage After Cesarean Section

The Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale was developed to evaluate sleep quality, and its Turkish validity and reliability were tested. The scale consists of 6 items that evaluate the depth of night sleep, the time it takes to fall asleep, the frequency of waking up, the time spent awake when waking up, the quality of sleep and the noise level in the environment. The items in the scale are evaluated by scoring between 0-100. Scale scoring is done by dividing the total score from the first five items of the scale by 5. A score between '0-25' from the scale indicates 'very poor sleep', and a score between '76-100' indicates 'very good sleep'. Scale score is directly proportional to sleep quality. Accordingly, as the score increases, sleep quality also increases. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.82 in the original form of the scale and 0.91 in the Turkish form.

Postpartum Comfort Scale is a scale developed in the form of a 5-point Likert to measure comfort level. Scoring and expressions ranging from "completely agree" (5 points) to "strongly disagree" (1 point) were made for all scale items. The expression "I completely agree" expresses the highest comfort (5 points) in positive sentences, and the lowest comfort (1 point) in negative sentences. In this case, the highest score to be obtained from the scale is 170 and the lowest score is 34. The increase in the average score obtained from the scale indicates that the comfort level also increases. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is total Postpartum Comfort Scale was found to be 0.78 for.

Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Scale (BBAT) is used to evaluate the adequacy of breastfeeding in the postpartum period. The scale is observed while the mother is breastfeeding, and the application time is on average 5-10 minutes. The measurement tool is a Likert-type scale consisting of four items: 'positioning', 'holding', 'sucking' and 'swallowing'. In the scoring of the scale, each item is worth 0-2 points. The calculation method is to add up all the scores from the scale items. The lowest score from the scale is 0, the highest score is 8. The scale does not have a cut-off point. A low score indicates that breastfeeding is not effective, and a high score indicates that breastfeeding is effective. There is no need to observe breastfeeding from start to finish to make an evaluation; observation can be made at any time during breastfeeding.

The State Anxiety Inventory is a Likert-type four-degree scale ranging from "Not at all" to "Completely". There are two types of statements in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Inverted expressions, those with a weight of 1 turn into 4, and those with a weight of 4 turn into 1. Answers with a value of 4 on 33 direct statements indicate high anxiety. In reversed expressions, answers with a value of 1 indicate high anxiety, and answers with a value of 4 indicate low anxiety. After finding the separate total weights of direct and reverse expressions, the total weight score of reverse expressions is subtracted from the total weight score obtained for direct expressions. This value is 50 for the State Anxiety Inventory and 35 for the Trait Anxiety Inventory. The last value obtained is the individual's anxiety score. The scores obtained from both scales theoretically range between 20 and 80. A large score indicates a high level of anxiety, a small score indicates a low level of anxiety.

Immediately after uterine involution and delivery of the placenta, the apex of the fundus is located in the midline, between the symphysis and the umbilicus. 6-12 hours after birth, the fundus is at the umbilicus level and the height of the fundus decreases approximately 1 cm every day. Uterus Involution Evaluation Form is a form prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, in which the measurement of the length of the uterus is recorded and the uterine involution process of postpartum women is evaluated. To evaluate the involution of the uterus, the distance between the fundus of the uterus and the symphysis pubis will be measured with a tape measure. Uterine length will be measured when the women's bladder is empty and the same tape measure will be used in all measurements.

Physiological parameters are important indicators in the management of the postpartum period and in determining the treatment protocol. Heart rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and blood pressure, which are stated as basic life parameters, are parameters that indicate the health status of the person. Although physiological parameter values vary individually, according to the standards determined by the World Health Organization, blood pressure is 8/120 mm/hg, body temperature 36.1°C-37.2°C, pulse rate of 60-100 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 12-20 per minute, and oxygen saturation of 95-100% are considered normal. For this purpose, the Physiological Parameter Form includes heart rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and blood pressure.