Bystander EffectNCT06178016
Efficacy of Bystander Intervention Program in Nursing Students
A study testing Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence and Dating Violence Education in people with Bystander Effect and Dating Violence, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a bystander intervention program for dating violence among nursing students. The study was conducted with second-year nursing students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Bystander Effect, Dating Violence, Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence and Dating Violence Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Dec 2024to 10 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- -Being actively enrolled as a student at the nursing faculty of a public university in Istanbul during the 2024-2025 academic year.
Who cannot join
- Not being actively enrolled at the nursing faculty during the 2024-2025 academic year due to reasons such as suspension or termination of enrollment, transfer to another institution, or transfer to another academic program.
- Having a diagnosed mental disorder (e.g., major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder) and/or receiving regular psychiatric treatment.
- Having previously participated in a seminar, workshop, group activity, conference, congress, training program, or similar educational activity related to dating violence prevention and/or bystander intervention.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa
Istanbul, Şişli/Istanbul, 34381
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Bystander Intervention Program on Bystander Efficacy, Behavior and Intent to Help for Dating Violence in Nursing Students
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a bystander intervention program for dating violence among nursing students. The study was conducted with second-year nursing students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. A total of 84 students were randomized to the intervention and control groups. Due to missing data from one participant in the control group, 83 students were included in the final analysis (intervention group, n=42; control group, n=41). Participants were allocated to the groups using computer-generated randomization. The intervention group received the Bystander Intervention Program, which was developed based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and adapted to the cultural and institutional context. The control group received a single 90-minute educational session on dating violence during the study period. After completion of all outcome assessments, participants in the control group were also offered the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence. Data were collected face-to-face using an Individual Information Form, the Bystander Efficacy Scale, the Intention to Help Scale-Short Version, the Bystander Behavior Scale, and a Program Evaluation Form. Bystander efficacy and intention to help were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at two-month follow-up. Bystander behavior was assessed at baseline and at two-month follow-up.
Read the detailed description
Dating violence is an important public health concern among young adults and may have adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences. Young people exposed to dating violence may experience difficulties in seeking help or disclosing violence, highlighting the importance of prevention approaches that extend beyond individuals directly involved in violent relationships (Choi et al., 2017; Park \& Kim, 2021).
Bystander intervention is a prevention approach that focuses on individuals who witness or become aware of situations involving violence and who may have opportunities to intervene safely. Bystanders may intervene directly or indirectly, and previous studies have reported that bystander-focused programs can influence outcomes including knowledge, attitudes, confidence to intervene, intentions to help, and bystander behaviors (Amar et al., 2015; Jouriles et al., 2018; Peterson et al., 2018).
The intervention evaluated in this study was developed specifically for nursing students and was informed by the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The program was adapted to the cultural and institutional context and aimed to strengthen students' ability to recognize dating violence, assume responsibility when intervention is appropriate, identify safe intervention strategies, and provide appropriate support and referral.
Nursing students constitute a relevant population for bystander intervention because they may encounter dating violence both within their peer environments and, as future health professionals, in the care of individuals exposed to violence. Developing their knowledge, confidence, intentions, and behaviors related to safe bystander intervention may therefore be relevant to both violence prevention and future nursing practice.
The study evaluated the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence in a randomized controlled trial among nursing students. The primary outcomes were bystander efficacy, intention to help, and bystander behavior. Bystander efficacy and intention to help were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at two-month follow-up; bystander behavior was assessed at baseline and at two-month follow-up.
- Being tested
- Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence, Dating Violence Education
- Keywords
- Bystander Intervention, Dating Violence, Nursing Students
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bystander Intervention Program for Dating ViolenceBehavioural
The Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence was delivered face-to-face as a one-day workshop (10:00-17:00) consisting of five sessions, each lasting approximately 60-90 minutes. The sessions addressed: (1) dating violence and its types; (2) risk factors and consequences of dating violence; (3) bystander intervention and barriers to intervention; (4) bystander intervention strategies; and (5) self-care for bystanders witnessing dating violence. The program was based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and was adapted to the cultural and institutional context. PowerPoint presentations, videos, interactive scenarios, and group discussions were used during the workshop.
Dating Violence EducationBehavioural
Participants in the control group received a single 90-minute face-to-face educational session on dating violence. The session covered dating violence and its types, causes of dating violence, myths related to dating violence and the cycle of violence, consequences of dating violence, and prevention of dating violence. The session was delivered during the same study period as the Bystander Intervention Program provided to the experimental group.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Participants in this group received the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence. The program was developed based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and was adapted to the cultural and institutional context. It aimed to improve nursing students' knowledge and skills for recognizing dating violence and responding safely as bystanders. The program was delivered to second-year nursing students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. Receives: Behavioral: Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Participants in the control group received a single-session educational program on dating violence during the same week as the intervention group. The session addressed dating violence and its types, causes, myths related to dating violence, the cycle of violence, consequences of dating violence, and prevention. The session lasted 90 minutes. After completion of the experimental phase and all outcome assessments, participants in the control group were also offered the five-session Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence for ethical and educational equity considerations. Receives: Behavioral: Dating Violence Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Bystander Efficacy Scale
The scale used to assess bystander effectiveness was developed by Banyard et al. The scale includes 18 items. The participant is expected to indicate his/her degree of confidence by writing a whole number between 0-100 to indicate how confident he/she is that he/she can perform the behaviors specified in the scale. The calculation is made by averaging all items and the scale has no cut-off point. High scores indicate a high degree of confidence. In the study conducted by Banyard et al. (2014), the Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was .93 and the mean was 72.60.
Measured: Baseline (within one week before the intervention), immediately after completion of the intervention, and at two-month follow-up.
Intention to Help Scale-Short Version
The scale, which assesses the likelihood or willingness of participants to engage in various helping behaviors, was developed by Banyard et al. (2014). There are two separate subscales by creating separate but parallel items and it consists of 18 items in total. Participants are expected to rate their likelihood of performing the behaviors using a 5-point Likert-type scale. The scale is calculated by averaging the answers given to the items. High scores indicate that the individual is more likely to engage in helping behavior. Cronbach's alpha value for the short version of the scale was .93 (Banyard et al. 2014).
Measured: Baseline (within one week before the intervention), immediately after completion of the intervention, and at two-month follow-up.
Bystander Behavior Scale (For Friends)
The scale used to determine the spectator behavior of the participants in the last 2 months was developed by Banyard et al. The scale has 44 items and includes only spectator behaviors towards friends. The scale consists of 4 factors. Participants are expected to mark "Yes", "No" and "Did not meet" for the fulfillment of each item. In the evaluation, each no sign is calculated as 0 points and each yes sign is calculated as 1 point. The items that individuals said they did not encounter are not included in the scoring and the calculation is made by taking the average of the answers given to the other items. Higher scores indicate the types of bystander behavior reported by more people. Cronbach's alpha value for the short version of the scale was .971 (Banyard et al. 2014).
Measured: Baseline (within one week before the intervention) and at two-month follow-up.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Dec 2023
- Study start10 Dec 2024
- Primary completion10 Feb 2025
- Study completion10 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Bystander EffectStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Seda Er, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Investigators
- Sevim Buzlu, PhD,RN, Study chair, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06178016
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IU-Cerrahpaşa (IUC)
- Other IDs
- 324K026
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 17 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be made publicly available to protect participant confidentiality and privacy. Aggregate study findings will be reported in scientific publications.
Publications
Rothman EF, Paruk J, Banyard V. The escalation dating abuse workshop for college students: Results of an efficacy RCT. J Am Coll Health. 2018 Aug-Sep;66(6):519-528. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431909. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
PubMed 29405867Storer HL, Casey E, Herrenkohl T. Efficacy of Bystander Programs to Prevent Dating Abuse Among Youth and Young Adults: A Review of the Literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016 Jul;17(3):256-69. doi: 10.1177/1524838015584361. Epub 2015 May 6.
PubMed 25951840Debnam KJ, Mauer V. Who, When, How, and Why Bystanders Intervene in Physical and Psychological Teen Dating Violence. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Jan;22(1):54-67. doi: 10.1177/1524838018806505. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
PubMed 30669950Banyard VL, Moynihan MM, Cares AC, Warner R. How do we know if it works? Measuring outcomes in bystander-focused abuse prevention on campuses. Psychology of Violence. 2014;4(1):101.
Banyard V, Moschella E, Grych J, Jouriles E. What happened next? New measures of consequences of bystander actions to prevent interpersonal violence. Psychology of Violence. 2019; 9(6):664-674.
Tekkas Kerman K, Ozturk FO. An examination of gender stereotypes, ambivalent sexism, and dating violence as potential predictors of nursing students' beliefs about intimate partner violence: A cross-sectional correlational study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022 Jul;62:103346. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103346. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
PubMed 35430535Schuster I, Krahe B, Toplu-Demirtas E. Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a Sample of Female and Male College Students in Turkey. J Sex Res. 2016 Nov-Dec;53(9):1139-1152. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1207057. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
PubMed 27485372Toplu-Demirtas E, Fincham FD. I Don't Have Power, and I Want More: Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Dating Violence Perpetration Among College Students. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jul;37(13-14):NP11490-NP11519. doi: 10.1177/0886260520951319. Epub 2020 Aug 25.
PubMed 32840154Park S, Kim SH. A mixed-method pilot study to test a program for friend-supporters of victims of dating violence. J Community Psychol. 2021 Jul;49(5):1153-1168. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22568. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
PubMed 33778972Peterson K, Sharps P, Banyard V, Powers RA, Kaukinen C, Gross D, Decker MR, Baatz C, Campbell J. An Evaluation of Two Dating Violence Prevention Programs on a College Campus. J Interpers Violence. 2018 Dec;33(23):3630-3655. doi: 10.1177/0886260516636069. Epub 2016 Mar 13.
PubMed 26976433Choi EP, Wong JY, Fong DY. Mental health and health-related quality of life of Chinese college students who were the victims of dating violence. Qual Life Res. 2017 Apr;26(4):945-957. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1413-4. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
PubMed 27660071Finnie RKC, Okasako-Schmucker DL, Buchanan L, Carty D, Wethington H, Mercer SL, Basile KC, DeGue S, Niolon PH, Bishop J, Titus T, Noursi S, Dickerson SA, Whitaker D, Swider S, Remington P; Community Preventive Services Task Force. Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Jan;62(1):e45-e55. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.021. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
PubMed 34772564Amar AF, Tuccinardi N, Heislein J, Simpson S. Friends Helping Friends: a nonrandomized control trial of a peer-based response to dating violence. Nurs Outlook. 2015 Jul-Aug;63(4):496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
PubMed 26187089Jouriles EN, Krauss A, Vu NL, Banyard VL, McDonald R. Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of program outcomes and delivery methods. J Am Coll Health. 2018 Aug-Sep;66(6):457-466. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431906. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
PubMed 29405865Amar AF, Sutherland M, Kesler E. Evaluation of a bystander education program. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2012 Dec;33(12):851-7. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2012.709915.
PubMed 23215986
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Bystander Intervention Program on Bystander Efficacy, Behavior and Intent to Help for Dating Violence in Nursing Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06178016
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IU-Cerrahpaşa (IUC)
- Keywords
- Bystander Intervention, Dating Violence, Nursing Students
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK)
- Study start
- 10 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a bystander intervention program for dating violence among nursing students. The study was conducted with second-year nursing students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. A total of 84 students were randomized to the intervention and control groups. Due to missing data from one participant in the control group, 83 students were included in the final analysis (intervention group, n=42; control group, n=41). Participants were allocated to the groups using computer-generated randomization. The intervention group received the Bystander Intervention Program, which was developed based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and adapted to the cultural and institutional context. The control group received a single 90-minute educational session on dating violence during the study period. After completion of all outcome assessments, participants in the control group were also offered the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence. Data were collected face-to-face using an Individual Information Form, the Bystander Efficacy Scale, the Intention to Help Scale-Short Version, the Bystander Behavior Scale, and a Program Evaluation Form. Bystander efficacy and intention to help were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at two-month follow-up. Bystander behavior was assessed at baseline and at two-month follow-up.
Detailed description
Dating violence is an important public health concern among young adults and may have adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences. Young people exposed to dating violence may experience difficulties in seeking help or disclosing violence, highlighting the importance of prevention approaches that extend beyond individuals directly involved in violent relationships (Choi et al., 2017; Park \& Kim, 2021).
Bystander intervention is a prevention approach that focuses on individuals who witness or become aware of situations involving violence and who may have opportunities to intervene safely. Bystanders may intervene directly or indirectly, and previous studies have reported that bystander-focused programs can influence outcomes including knowledge, attitudes, confidence to intervene, intentions to help, and bystander behaviors (Amar et al., 2015; Jouriles et al., 2018; Peterson et al., 2018).
The intervention evaluated in this study was developed specifically for nursing students and was informed by the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The program was adapted to the cultural and institutional context and aimed to strengthen students' ability to recognize dating violence, assume responsibility when intervention is appropriate, identify safe intervention strategies, and provide appropriate support and referral.
Nursing students constitute a relevant population for bystander intervention because they may encounter dating violence both within their peer environments and, as future health professionals, in the care of individuals exposed to violence. Developing their knowledge, confidence, intentions, and behaviors related to safe bystander intervention may therefore be relevant to both violence prevention and future nursing practice.
The study evaluated the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence in a randomized controlled trial among nursing students. The primary outcomes were bystander efficacy, intention to help, and bystander behavior. Bystander efficacy and intention to help were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at two-month follow-up; bystander behavior was assessed at baseline and at two-month follow-up.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Bystander Intervention Program for Dating ViolenceParticipants in this group received the Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence. The program was developed based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and was adapted to the cultural and institutional context. It aimed to improve nursing students' knowledge and skills for recognizing dating violence and responding safely as bystanders. The program was delivered to second-year nursing students at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Dating Violence EducationParticipants in the control group received a single-session educational program on dating violence during the same week as the intervention group. The session addressed dating violence and its types, causes, myths related to dating violence, the cycle of violence, consequences of dating violence, and prevention. The session lasted 90 minutes. After completion of the experimental phase and all outcome assessments, participants in the control group were also offered the five-session Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence for ethical and educational equity considerations. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -Being actively enrolled as a student at the nursing faculty of a public university in Istanbul during the 2024-2025 academic year.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not being actively enrolled at the nursing faculty during the 2024-2025 academic year due to reasons such as suspension or termination of enrollment, transfer to another institution, or transfer to another academic program.
- Having a diagnosed mental disorder (e.g., major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder) and/or receiving regular psychiatric treatment.
- Having previously participated in a seminar, workshop, group activity, conference, congress, training program, or similar educational activity related to dating violence prevention and/or bystander intervention.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bystander Intervention Program for Dating ViolenceThe Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence was delivered face-to-face as a one-day workshop (10:00-17:00) consisting of five sessions, each lasting approximately 60-90 minutes. The sessions addressed: (1) dating violence and its types; (2) risk factors and consequences of dating violence; (3) bystander intervention and barriers to intervention; (4) bystander intervention strategies; and (5) self-care for bystanders witnessing dating violence. The program was based on the Bystander Behavior Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior and was adapted to the cultural and institutional context. PowerPoint presentations, videos, interactive scenarios, and group discussions were used during the workshop. | Behavioural | Experimental Group |
| Dating Violence EducationParticipants in the control group received a single 90-minute face-to-face educational session on dating violence. The session covered dating violence and its types, causes of dating violence, myths related to dating violence and the cycle of violence, consequences of dating violence, and prevention of dating violence. The session was delivered during the same study period as the Bystander Intervention Program provided to the experimental group. | Behavioural | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Bystander Efficacy Scale
Time frame: Baseline (within one week before the intervention), immediately after completion of the intervention, and at two-month follow-up.
The scale used to assess bystander effectiveness was developed by Banyard et al. The scale includes 18 items. The participant is expected to indicate his/her degree of confidence by writing a whole number between 0-100 to indicate how confident he/she is that he/she can perform the behaviors specified in the scale. The calculation is made by averaging all items and the scale has no cut-off point. High scores indicate a high degree of confidence. In the study conducted by Banyard et al. (2014), the Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was .93 and the mean was 72.60.
Intention to Help Scale-Short Version
Time frame: Baseline (within one week before the intervention), immediately after completion of the intervention, and at two-month follow-up.
The scale, which assesses the likelihood or willingness of participants to engage in various helping behaviors, was developed by Banyard et al. (2014). There are two separate subscales by creating separate but parallel items and it consists of 18 items in total. Participants are expected to rate their likelihood of performing the behaviors using a 5-point Likert-type scale. The scale is calculated by averaging the answers given to the items. High scores indicate that the individual is more likely to engage in helping behavior. Cronbach's alpha value for the short version of the scale was .93 (Banyard et al. 2014).
Bystander Behavior Scale (For Friends)
Time frame: Baseline (within one week before the intervention) and at two-month follow-up.
The scale used to determine the spectator behavior of the participants in the last 2 months was developed by Banyard et al. The scale has 44 items and includes only spectator behaviors towards friends. The scale consists of 4 factors. Participants are expected to mark "Yes", "No" and "Did not meet" for the fulfillment of each item. In the evaluation, each no sign is calculated as 0 points and each yes sign is calculated as 1 point. The items that individuals said they did not encounter are not included in the scoring and the calculation is made by taking the average of the answers given to the other items. Higher scores indicate the types of bystander behavior reported by more people. Cronbach's alpha value for the short version of the scale was .971 (Banyard et al. 2014).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 29405867Rothman EF, Paruk J, Banyard V. The escalation dating abuse workshop for college students: Results of an efficacy RCT. J Am Coll Health. 2018 Aug-Sep;66(6):519-528. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431909. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
- Background: PubMed 25951840Storer HL, Casey E, Herrenkohl T. Efficacy of Bystander Programs to Prevent Dating Abuse Among Youth and Young Adults: A Review of the Literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016 Jul;17(3):256-69. doi: 10.1177/1524838015584361. Epub 2015 May 6.
- Background: PubMed 30669950Debnam KJ, Mauer V. Who, When, How, and Why Bystanders Intervene in Physical and Psychological Teen Dating Violence. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Jan;22(1):54-67. doi: 10.1177/1524838018806505. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
- BackgroundBanyard VL, Moynihan MM, Cares AC, Warner R. How do we know if it works? Measuring outcomes in bystander-focused abuse prevention on campuses. Psychology of Violence. 2014;4(1):101.
- BackgroundBanyard V, Moschella E, Grych J, Jouriles E. What happened next? New measures of consequences of bystander actions to prevent interpersonal violence. Psychology of Violence. 2019; 9(6):664-674.
- Background: PubMed 35430535Tekkas Kerman K, Ozturk FO. An examination of gender stereotypes, ambivalent sexism, and dating violence as potential predictors of nursing students' beliefs about intimate partner violence: A cross-sectional correlational study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022 Jul;62:103346. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103346. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
- Background: PubMed 27485372Schuster I, Krahe B, Toplu-Demirtas E. Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a Sample of Female and Male College Students in Turkey. J Sex Res. 2016 Nov-Dec;53(9):1139-1152. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1207057. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
- Background: PubMed 32840154Toplu-Demirtas E, Fincham FD. I Don't Have Power, and I Want More: Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Dating Violence Perpetration Among College Students. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jul;37(13-14):NP11490-NP11519. doi: 10.1177/0886260520951319. Epub 2020 Aug 25.
- Background: PubMed 33778972Park S, Kim SH. A mixed-method pilot study to test a program for friend-supporters of victims of dating violence. J Community Psychol. 2021 Jul;49(5):1153-1168. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22568. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
- Background: PubMed 26976433Peterson K, Sharps P, Banyard V, Powers RA, Kaukinen C, Gross D, Decker MR, Baatz C, Campbell J. An Evaluation of Two Dating Violence Prevention Programs on a College Campus. J Interpers Violence. 2018 Dec;33(23):3630-3655. doi: 10.1177/0886260516636069. Epub 2016 Mar 13.
- Background: PubMed 27660071Choi EP, Wong JY, Fong DY. Mental health and health-related quality of life of Chinese college students who were the victims of dating violence. Qual Life Res. 2017 Apr;26(4):945-957. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1413-4. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
- Background: PubMed 34772564Finnie RKC, Okasako-Schmucker DL, Buchanan L, Carty D, Wethington H, Mercer SL, Basile KC, DeGue S, Niolon PH, Bishop J, Titus T, Noursi S, Dickerson SA, Whitaker D, Swider S, Remington P; Community Preventive Services Task Force. Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Jan;62(1):e45-e55. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.021. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
- Word Health Organization. (2021). Violence against womenLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be made publicly available to protect participant confidentiality and privacy. Aggregate study findings will be reported in scientific publications.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sevim Buzlu, PhD,RN study chair
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bystander Intervention Program for Dating Violence and Dating Violence Education in people with Bystander Effect and Dating Violence, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Bystander Efficacy Scale (time frame: Baseline (within one week before the intervention), immediately after completion of the intervention, and at two-month follow-up.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06178016, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Aug 2026.