ViolenceNCT06186466
Family Violence Intent in Emergency Departments: A Multicenter Study
An observational study of Violence and Nurse-Patient Relations, run by Kilis 7 Aralik University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study addresses the growing issue of violence against healthcare professionals, particularly in emergency departments. It highlights the increasing prevalence of violence in healthcare settings worldwide, affecting over 50% of workers, with rates higher in developing countries. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Violence, Nurse-Patient Relations, Violence, Physical
- What is being tested?
- Observational Survey and Analysis
- How many people
- 1,000 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2023to 15 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population comprises family members of patients admitted to the emergency department of the hospital where the research is conducted. Participants are adults over 18 years old who are fluent in Turkish and do not have any hearing, communication, or mental disabilities. The population includes those who are either blood relatives or related by marriage to the patients. All participants are included based on their voluntary consent to participate in the study.
Who may be able to join
- Must be over 18 years old, Able to speak and write in Turkish, Without hearing or communication impairments, Without mental disabilities, Family members related by blood or marriage to patients presenting to the emergency department of the hospital where the study is conducted, Voluntarily willing to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Family members of patients whose condition becomes critical and are taken to the resuscitation room, Data from family members who decide to withdraw from the study at any stage after being included will not be considered in the research.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Assessing Factors Influencing Violence Intent Among Families in Emergency Departments: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
This study addresses the growing issue of violence against healthcare professionals, particularly in emergency departments. It highlights the increasing prevalence of violence in healthcare settings worldwide, affecting over 50% of workers, with rates higher in developing countries. The text reviews factors contributing to violence, including poor communication, substandard care, and the stress experienced by patients' families. It notes that nearly 100% of emergency nurses face verbal or physical assaults. The research emphasizes the need to understand violence from the perspective of patients' families, a relatively unexplored area. By identifying the factors influencing their violent intentions, effective prevention measures can be developed, improving safety and working conditions for healthcare professionals.
Read the detailed description
"Violence is a universal issue that harms the social fabric, threatening the lives, health, peace, and happiness of people in society. It negatively affects all communities and countries worldwide. Incidences of violence are increasingly visible in streets, schools, homes, and workplaces (WHO 2002). The International Labour Organization (ILO), International Council of Nurses (ICN), World Health Organization (WHO), and Public Services International (PSI) define workplace violence as 'the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation' (Somani 2021). Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable increase in violence in healthcare settings (WMA 2020). Although underreported, it is estimated that over 50% of healthcare workers worldwide have experienced violence (Pompeii 2015), with this rate rising to 70% in developing countries (Belayachi 2010). Studies in Turkey support these findings (Polat 2019). A 2020 study in Turkey showed that 76% of doctors experienced violence at least once in their career (Çevik 2020). Another study in Turkey in 2020 indicated that 79% of healthcare workers experienced violence within the last year (Oğuz 2020). Research shows that emergency department healthcare workers are more frequently subjected to violence by patients and their family members (Kowalenko 2013; Şanlıtürk 2021). One study reported that 100% of emergency nurses experienced verbal assault, and 82.1% experienced physical assault within a year (May 2002). A Turkish study showed that about 75% of emergency department healthcare workers had been exposed to violence (Kaya 2016). Violence in emergency departments is influenced by various factors related to administration, staff, security, environment, patients, or their family members. For instance, lack of communication among healthcare professionals, poor quality of care, increased anxiety levels of patients' families, and stress due to a patient's critical condition can be contributing factors (AbuAlRub 2014).
Family members accompanying patients to emergency departments often exhibit violent tendencies due to increased stress and the aforementioned factors, leading to negative consequences. This violence results in injuries, additional work stress for healthcare workers, and reduced work efficiency, thereby lowering the quality of healthcare provided (Kowalenko 2013; Polat 2019). It also diminishes job satisfaction among healthcare workers and can lead to burnout (Polat 2019; Şanlıtürk 2021). Literature review shows that violence against healthcare workers has been well examined. Studies have demonstrated the frequency of violence healthcare professionals face, which professional groups are more often subjected to violence, and how characteristics such as educational level, gender, and professional experience of healthcare professionals affect their exposure to violence. The impact of security personnel, management, and institutional policies on violence in healthcare has also been explored (AbuAlRub 2014; Baykan 2015; da Silva 2015; Kitaneh 2012; Hanh 2013; Polat 2019; Kowalenko 2013; Pompeii 2015; Çevik 2020). However, research focusing on the perspectives of patients' families on violence in healthcare and factors influencing their violent tendencies and intentions towards healthcare staff is limited. This gap limits the effectiveness of measures to prevent violence against healthcare professionals and hinders the desired level of violence prevention in healthcare. Identifying the violent intentions of patients' families and the factors influencing them will contribute to the effectiveness of measures taken to prevent violence against healthcare professionals. This study aims to identify the intentions and influencing factors of violence by family members of patients presenting to emergency departments towards healthcare staff.
- Conditions
- Violence, Nurse-Patient Relations, Violence, Physical
- Being tested
- Observational Survey and Analysis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Observational Survey and AnalysisOther
This study does not involve a clinical or medical intervention. Instead, it employs an observational survey method to gather data from family members of patients who visited the Health Sciences University Van Training and Research Hospital's emergency department between December 1, 2023, and June 1, 2024. The study aims to use logistic regression analysis to identify factors influencing the intent of violence against healthcare professionals. The survey includes structured questionnaires and scales developed based on theoretical frameworks and previous research. The gathered data will be statistically analyzed using the G*Power software to assess the significance and impact of various factors on the propensity for violence.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Part 1: Demographic Information Form
The first part of the data collection form includes questions aimed at determining the age, gender, educational status, marital status, family type, and occupation of the family members. This section also contains questions to ascertain any history of violence in the patient's social life and whether they have received psychological treatment for violence.
Measured: up to 9 weeks
Intent to Commit Violence Against Healthcare Workers Scale
Developed by Şanlıtürk and Boy based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, this 15-item Likert scale assesses the intent to commit violence and its influencing factors: past experiences, attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The scale uses a 5-point scoring system, with reverse scoring for specific items.
Measured: up to 9 weeks
Part 3: Factors Influencing Intent to Commit Violence Against Healthcare Professionals Form
Created after reviewing various sources, this form contains 22 structured questions on a 5-point Likert scale to identify factors influencing family members' intent to commit violence against healthcare professionals. The form's content validity was assessed by healthcare experts, resulting in a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.96, indicating suitability for this research.
Measured: up to 9 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jan 2024
- Study start1 Nov 2023
- Primary completion10 Dec 2023
- Study completion15 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for ViolenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 1,000 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kilis 7 Aralik University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, İslam Elagöz, Kilis 7 Aralik University
- Investigators
- islam elagöz, Study chair, kils 7 aralık University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06186466
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- kilis7aralıkUn21
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 16 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 2 Jan 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: We do not plan to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers. This decision is based on concerns regarding the privacy and confidentiality of the study participants. The sensitive nature of the data collected in this study, especially considering it involves family members of patients in emergency departments, necessitates strict adherence to privacy standards. Therefore, to ensure the protection of our participants' privacy and to comply with ethical standards, IPD will not be shared or made accessible for external use.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jan 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Assessing Factors Influencing Violence Intent Among Families in Emergency Departments: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06186466
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- kilis7aralıkUn21
- Conditions
- Violence, Nurse-Patient Relations, Violence, Physical
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,000 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kilis 7 Aralik UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study addresses the growing issue of violence against healthcare professionals, particularly in emergency departments. It highlights the increasing prevalence of violence in healthcare settings worldwide, affecting over 50% of workers, with rates higher in developing countries. The text reviews factors contributing to violence, including poor communication, substandard care, and the stress experienced by patients' families. It notes that nearly 100% of emergency nurses face verbal or physical assaults. The research emphasizes the need to understand violence from the perspective of patients' families, a relatively unexplored area. By identifying the factors influencing their violent intentions, effective prevention measures can be developed, improving safety and working conditions for healthcare professionals.
Detailed description
"Violence is a universal issue that harms the social fabric, threatening the lives, health, peace, and happiness of people in society. It negatively affects all communities and countries worldwide. Incidences of violence are increasingly visible in streets, schools, homes, and workplaces (WHO 2002). The International Labour Organization (ILO), International Council of Nurses (ICN), World Health Organization (WHO), and Public Services International (PSI) define workplace violence as 'the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation' (Somani 2021). Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable increase in violence in healthcare settings (WMA 2020). Although underreported, it is estimated that over 50% of healthcare workers worldwide have experienced violence (Pompeii 2015), with this rate rising to 70% in developing countries (Belayachi 2010). Studies in Turkey support these findings (Polat 2019). A 2020 study in Turkey showed that 76% of doctors experienced violence at least once in their career (Çevik 2020). Another study in Turkey in 2020 indicated that 79% of healthcare workers experienced violence within the last year (Oğuz 2020). Research shows that emergency department healthcare workers are more frequently subjected to violence by patients and their family members (Kowalenko 2013; Şanlıtürk 2021). One study reported that 100% of emergency nurses experienced verbal assault, and 82.1% experienced physical assault within a year (May 2002). A Turkish study showed that about 75% of emergency department healthcare workers had been exposed to violence (Kaya 2016). Violence in emergency departments is influenced by various factors related to administration, staff, security, environment, patients, or their family members. For instance, lack of communication among healthcare professionals, poor quality of care, increased anxiety levels of patients' families, and stress due to a patient's critical condition can be contributing factors (AbuAlRub 2014).
Family members accompanying patients to emergency departments often exhibit violent tendencies due to increased stress and the aforementioned factors, leading to negative consequences. This violence results in injuries, additional work stress for healthcare workers, and reduced work efficiency, thereby lowering the quality of healthcare provided (Kowalenko 2013; Polat 2019). It also diminishes job satisfaction among healthcare workers and can lead to burnout (Polat 2019; Şanlıtürk 2021). Literature review shows that violence against healthcare workers has been well examined. Studies have demonstrated the frequency of violence healthcare professionals face, which professional groups are more often subjected to violence, and how characteristics such as educational level, gender, and professional experience of healthcare professionals affect their exposure to violence. The impact of security personnel, management, and institutional policies on violence in healthcare has also been explored (AbuAlRub 2014; Baykan 2015; da Silva 2015; Kitaneh 2012; Hanh 2013; Polat 2019; Kowalenko 2013; Pompeii 2015; Çevik 2020). However, research focusing on the perspectives of patients' families on violence in healthcare and factors influencing their violent tendencies and intentions towards healthcare staff is limited. This gap limits the effectiveness of measures to prevent violence against healthcare professionals and hinders the desired level of violence prevention in healthcare. Identifying the violent intentions of patients' families and the factors influencing them will contribute to the effectiveness of measures taken to prevent violence against healthcare professionals. This study aims to identify the intentions and influencing factors of violence by family members of patients presenting to emergency departments towards healthcare staff.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population comprises family members of patients admitted to the emergency department of the hospital where the research is conducted. Participants are adults over 18 years old who are fluent in Turkish and do not have any hearing, communication, or mental disabilities. The population includes those who are either blood relatives or related by marriage to the patients. All participants are included based on their voluntary consent to participate in the study.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Must be over 18 years old, Able to speak and write in Turkish, Without hearing or communication impairments, Without mental disabilities, Family members related by blood or marriage to patients presenting to the emergency department of the hospital where the study is conducted, Voluntarily willing to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Family members of patients whose condition becomes critical and are taken to the resuscitation room, Data from family members who decide to withdraw from the study at any stage after being included will not be considered in the research.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Observational Survey and AnalysisThis study does not involve a clinical or medical intervention. Instead, it employs an observational survey method to gather data from family members of patients who visited the Health Sciences University Van Training and Research Hospital's emergency department between December 1, 2023, and June 1, 2024. The study aims to use logistic regression analysis to identify factors influencing the intent of violence against healthcare professionals. The survey includes structured questionnaires and scales developed based on theoretical frameworks and previous research. The gathered data will be statistically analyzed using the G*Power software to assess the significance and impact of various factors on the propensity for violence. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Part 1: Demographic Information Form
Time frame: up to 9 weeks
The first part of the data collection form includes questions aimed at determining the age, gender, educational status, marital status, family type, and occupation of the family members. This section also contains questions to ascertain any history of violence in the patient's social life and whether they have received psychological treatment for violence.
Intent to Commit Violence Against Healthcare Workers Scale
Time frame: up to 9 weeks
Developed by Şanlıtürk and Boy based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, this 15-item Likert scale assesses the intent to commit violence and its influencing factors: past experiences, attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The scale uses a 5-point scoring system, with reverse scoring for specific items.
Part 3: Factors Influencing Intent to Commit Violence Against Healthcare Professionals Form
Time frame: up to 9 weeks
Created after reviewing various sources, this form contains 22 structured questions on a 5-point Likert scale to identify factors influencing family members' intent to commit violence against healthcare professionals. The form's content validity was assessed by healthcare experts, resulting in a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.96, indicating suitability for this research.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jan 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. We do not plan to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers. This decision is based on concerns regarding the privacy and confidentiality of the study participants. The sensitive nature of the data collected in this study, especially considering it involves family members of patients in emergency departments, necessitates strict adherence to privacy standards. Therefore, to ensure the protection of our participants' privacy and to comply with ethical standards, IPD will not be shared or made accessible for external use.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
islam elagöz study chair
kils 7 aralık University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Violence and Nurse-Patient Relations, run by Kilis 7 Aralik University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jan 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Part 1: Demographic Information Form (time frame: up to 9 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jan 2024.