Noticing Nutrition InformationNCT06204913
Menu Label Noticeability
A study testing Menu label in people with Noticing Nutrition Information and Recalling Nutrition Information, run by University of California, Davis at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
To assess the relative noticeability of the following added-sugar menu label elements using a factorial experiment: label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 99 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Noticing Nutrition Information, Recalling Nutrition Information
- What is being tested?
- Menu label
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 4,581 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2024to 15 Mar 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 99 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Equal or greater than 18 years of age-
- Less than 100 years of age
- English-speaking
- U.S. residents
- Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age
Who cannot join
- Failing the attention check question
- Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, 95616
About this study
Official title: Restaurant Menu Study: Label Noticeability
To assess the relative noticeability of the following added-sugar menu label elements using a factorial experiment: label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item).
Read the detailed description
The objective of this aim is to assess the relative noticeability of legally-viable added-sugar menu label characteristics. The investigators will use a between-subject experiment with a factorial design. Participants will be randomized to label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item). This results in 24 arms of the experiment.
The primary outcomes are noticing a nutrition label and recognition of the label. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of items that are high in added sugar and perceived message effectiveness (PME) of labels.
For dichotomous outcomes (e.g., noticing the label, recalling label meaning), the investigators will directly estimate the probability ratio using Poisson regression with a robust error variance, regressing the outcome on an indicator for the level of the factor. For continuous outcomes (e.g., knowledge, PME scale), the investigators will use linear regression models regressing the outcome on an indicator for experimental condition.
A critical alpha 0.05 will be used, and statistical tests will be two-tailed. Exploratory outcomes include selection of ≥1 item high in added sugar and grams of sugar ordered from each menu, analyzed using the methods described above. The investigators will also explore proportions or means for the following process measures about reactions to the warning labels: Perception that the labels grabbed attention and support for an added sugars warning label policy. Additionally, the investigators will explore differences in the primary outcomes between each of the 24 unique conditions. If there is evidence of interactions between label elements, investigators will modify the modeling approach to account for those interactions (e.g., using interaction terms and stratified models).The investigators will use multiple testing corrections for families of outcomes (primary and secondary).
- Being tested
- Menu label
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Menu labelOther
Participants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Left, black, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, black, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
| Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Participant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. Receives: Other: Menu label |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Noticing and recall of added-sugar nutrient label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (Answered "Yes" to noticing, answered "Added sugars" to recall, and answered "high" for high low recall question) or "Incorrect" (otherwise)
Noticing a nutrition label - Measured with "Think back to the beginning of this survey when you imagined you were ordering dinner from restaurant menus. Did you notice any nutrition labels (other than the calories) next to any of the menu items?" Response options are "Yes", "No", and "Don't know".
Recalling the label's meaning - [If answered "Yes"] Measured with "What did the nutrition label tell you about?" Response options are (displayed in survey in a random order) "Sodium", "Added sugars", "Trans fats", "Fiber", "Calcium", "Healthy items", "Unhealthy items", "Vegetarian", "Organic", "Gluten-free", "Sustainable", "None of these", "Not sure".
High/low - [If answered "Added sugars"] "What did the label tell you about added sugars?" Response options are "High in added sugars", "Low in added sugars", "Something else", "I don't know".
There is no formal name for this measure/scale.
Measured: up to approximately 1 minute
Recognition of label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (selected the label they were assigned to" or "Incorrect" (any other option).
Measured with "Please look at the following labels and select which label (if any) you saw on the menus while selecting your food and beverage items." Response options will include images of 7 labels with the designs based on the participant's assigned color (black vs red) and label type (icon-only vs. boxed-icon vs, boxed icon-plus-text label) and the options, "Not sure" and "None of these".
There is no formal name for this measure/scale. It was developed for this study.
Measured: up to approximately 1 minute
Secondary outcomes (2)
Knowledge of menu items high in added sugar - continuous variable using the percent of 8 items correctly classified
Measured with "(While viewing menu excerpt) Click on the menu items that you think have more than half the daily limit for added sugars." Higher percents of items correctly classified represent more knowledge.
Measured: up to approximately 2 minutes
Perceived Message Effectiveness of label - continuous variable based on a 3-item scale in which each item uses a 1-5 response scale
Measured with 3-item University of North Carolina Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale: "How much does this label make you concerned about the health effects of consuming menu items high in added sugars?", "How much does this label makes consuming menu items high in added sugars seem unpleasant?", and "How much does this label discourage you from wanting to consume menu items high in added sugars?". Response options include a 1-5 scale where higher values represent higher amounts of the construct.
Measured: up to approximately 2 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Jan 2024
- Study start15 Feb 2024
- Primary completion15 Mar 2024
- Study completion15 Mar 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Noticing Nutrition InformationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 4,581 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, Davis
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jennifer Falbe, University of California, Davis
- Investigators
- Jennifer Falbe, ScD, MPH, Principal investigator, University of California, Davis
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06204913
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1641776-1
- Status last verified
- Oct 2023
- First submitted
- 27 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 10 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Restaurant Menu Study: Label Noticeability
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06204913
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1641776-1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 4,581 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, DavisUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Mar 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To assess the relative noticeability of the following added-sugar menu label elements using a factorial experiment: label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item).
Detailed description
The objective of this aim is to assess the relative noticeability of legally-viable added-sugar menu label characteristics. The investigators will use a between-subject experiment with a factorial design. Participants will be randomized to label type (icon-only vs. icon-plus-text label vs. boxed icon), color (black vs. red), size (100% vs. 150% of the height of the menu item text), and placement (left vs. right side of item). This results in 24 arms of the experiment.
The primary outcomes are noticing a nutrition label and recognition of the label. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of items that are high in added sugar and perceived message effectiveness (PME) of labels.
For dichotomous outcomes (e.g., noticing the label, recalling label meaning), the investigators will directly estimate the probability ratio using Poisson regression with a robust error variance, regressing the outcome on an indicator for the level of the factor. For continuous outcomes (e.g., knowledge, PME scale), the investigators will use linear regression models regressing the outcome on an indicator for experimental condition.
A critical alpha 0.05 will be used, and statistical tests will be two-tailed. Exploratory outcomes include selection of ≥1 item high in added sugar and grams of sugar ordered from each menu, analyzed using the methods described above. The investigators will also explore proportions or means for the following process measures about reactions to the warning labels: Perception that the labels grabbed attention and support for an added sugars warning label policy. Additionally, the investigators will explore differences in the primary outcomes between each of the 24 unique conditions. If there is evidence of interactions between label elements, investigators will modify the modeling approach to account for those interactions (e.g., using interaction terms and stratified models).The investigators will use multiple testing corrections for families of outcomes (primary and secondary).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 24
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Left, black, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, icon only, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 100% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, black, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, icon only, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon only design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, icon plus text design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the left of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored red, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
| Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height | Experimental | Other: Menu labelParticipant will order meals from two menus containing labels next to items high in added sugars (exceeding half the daily value). The label will be on the right of the item, colored black, boxed icon design, and height that is 150% of size of the menu text height. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Equal or greater than 18 years of age-
- Less than 100 years of age
- English-speaking
- U.S. residents
- Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey 5-year estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Failing the attention check question
- Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Menu labelParticipants will select food items from two restaurant menus, displayed with labels as specified by their assigned group | Other | Left, black, boxed icon, 100% height, Left, black, boxed icon, 150% height, Left, black, icon only, 100% height, Left, black, icon only, 150% height, Left, black, icon plus text, 100% height, Left, black, icon plus text, 150% height, Left, red, boxed icon, 100% height, Left, red, boxed icon, 150% height, Left, red, icon only, 100% height, Left, red, icon only, 150% height, Left, red, icon plus text, 100% height, Left, red, icon plus text, 150% height, Right, black, boxed icon, 100% height, Right, black, boxed icon, 150% height, Right, black, icon only, 100% height, Right, black, icon only, 150% height, Right, black, icon plus text, 100% height, Right, black, icon plus text, 150% height, Right, red, boxed icon, 100% height, Right, red, boxed icon, 150% height, Right, red, icon only, 100% height, Right, red, icon only, 150% height, Right, red, icon plus text, 100% height, Right, red, icon plus text, 150% height |
Primary outcome
Noticing and recall of added-sugar nutrient label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (Answered "Yes" to noticing, answered "Added sugars" to recall, and answered "high" for high low recall question) or "Incorrect" (otherwise)
Time frame: up to approximately 1 minute
Noticing a nutrition label - Measured with "Think back to the beginning of this survey when you imagined you were ordering dinner from restaurant menus. Did you notice any nutrition labels (other than the calories) next to any of the menu items?" Response options are "Yes", "No", and "Don't know". Recalling the label's meaning - [If answered "Yes"] Measured with "What did the nutrition label tell you about?" Response options are (displayed in survey in a random order) "Sodium", "Added sugars", "Trans fats", "Fiber", "Calcium", "Healthy items", "Unhealthy items", "Vegetarian", "Organic", "Gluten-free", "Sustainable", "None of these", "Not sure". High/low - [If answered "Added sugars"] "What did the label tell you about added sugars?" Response options are "High in added sugars", "Low in added sugars", "Something else", "I don't know". There is no formal name for this measure/scale.
Recognition of label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (selected the label they were assigned to" or "Incorrect" (any other option).
Time frame: up to approximately 1 minute
Measured with "Please look at the following labels and select which label (if any) you saw on the menus while selecting your food and beverage items." Response options will include images of 7 labels with the designs based on the participant's assigned color (black vs red) and label type (icon-only vs. boxed-icon vs, boxed icon-plus-text label) and the options, "Not sure" and "None of these". There is no formal name for this measure/scale. It was developed for this study.
2 secondary outcomes
Knowledge of menu items high in added sugar - continuous variable using the percent of 8 items correctly classified
Time frame: up to approximately 2 minutes
Perceived Message Effectiveness of label - continuous variable based on a 3-item scale in which each item uses a 1-5 response scale
Time frame: up to approximately 2 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Feb 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jennifer Falbe, ScD, MPH principal investigator
University of California, Davis
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Menu label in people with Noticing Nutrition Information and Recalling Nutrition Information, run by University of California, Davis at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Noticing and recall of added-sugar nutrient label - dichotomous variable "Correct" (Answered "Yes" to noticing, answered "Added sugars" to recall, and answered "high" for high low recall question) or "Incorrect" (otherwise) (time frame: up to approximately 1 minute). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Feb 2025.