MalocclusionATTACH-1NCT06218641
Discomfort Perceived by a Cohort of Patients Treated With Aligners and Attachments Placed According to Two Different Protocols
A study testing CP - conventional protocol and DP - delayed protocol in people with Malocclusion, run by Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The primary aim of the study is to compare the perception of pain and discomfort with two different protocols of attachments' placement during clear aligner therapy: the conventional protocol (CP), when attachments' placement is performed are placed at the delivery of the first aligner; the delayed protocol (DP), when… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Malocclusion
- What is being tested?
- CP - conventional protocol and DP - delayed protocol
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 10 Oct 2023to 22 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 and 40 years;
- Class I and II malocclusion
- Non-extractive treatment;
- No missing teeth (third molars excluded);
- Good oral and general health.
- Signature of written informed consent to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Patients with tooth-related pain (presence of dental and/or periodontal abscesses and presence of gingivitis)
- Presence of semi-included elements;
- Patients taking bisphosphonates or other anti-resorptive drugs;
- Patients with conditions involving chronic pain and/or on chronic therapy with antifiammatories/opiods or other drugs that may act on pain perception;
- Patients with temporomandibular disorders;
- Patients with conditions that may impair the ability to objectively report any sensations of discomfort or pain (e.g., mental retardation, dementia);
- Refusal to sign the written informed consent to participate in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Discomfort Perceived by a Cohort of Patients Treated With Aligners and Attachments Placed According to Two Different Protocols. Single-blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Clinical Study
The primary aim of the study is to compare the perception of pain and discomfort with two different protocols of attachments' placement during clear aligner therapy: the conventional protocol (CP), when attachments' placement is performed are placed at the delivery of the first aligner; the delayed protocol (DP), when the attachments' placement is performed at the delivery of the third aligner. The rationale of this study is to evaluate whether dividing the two phases most associated with the onset of pain and discomfort, namely the initiation of aligner therapy and the placement of attachments, can improve patients' quality of life during clear aligner treatment. Patients' discomfort will be evaluated with a questionnaire adapted by OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile 14).
Read the detailed description
The study was approved by the Institutional Review board of the Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy (prot. n. 17048/23). All adult patients with class I and II malocclusion referred to the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli will be consecutively enrolled for this study.
All patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. Patients will be randomly allocated in two different groups: the study group includes patients following the delayed protocol (DP), while the control group is composed of patients' following the conventional protocol (CP). The aligner will be changed every 15 days, so the attachment placement in the DP will be performed around 30 days from the beginning of the clear aligner treatment.
The modified OHIP Italian version has 20 questions categorized into 7 sections, concerning the limitation generated by deterioration of oral health in relation to clear aligners: functional, pain, psychological discomfort, physical or psychological or social disability, and handicap. The answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. The customised questionnaire has 9 questions, concerning the limitation generated by discomfort caused by attachments. For 8 questions, the answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. For the last question the answer is based on NRS scale, in fact it ranges from 0 to 10. Lower score indicates less pain perceived by the patient.
The questionnaires will be filled out at different phases of orthodontic treatment, specifically: at the delivery of the first aligner, after 3 and 7 days; at the delivery of the third aligner, after 3 and 7 days. The survey scheduling is arranged according to White, who stated that the patients' perception of pain and discomfort occurred within 7 days after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment; then, patients' quality of life tends to return to a baseline condition.
- Conditions
- Malocclusion
- Being tested
- CP - conventional protocol, DP - delayed protocol
- Medical subject headings
- Malocclusion
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CP - conventional protocolDevice
All patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. In this group the attachments will be bonded at the beginning of first aligner. Two different questionnaires will be administered to the enrolled subjects: the italian version of the adapted OHIP-14 questionnaire, and a customized questionnaire.
The questionnaires will be completed at different stages of orthodontic treatment, as following:
- 24 hours after the delivery of the first aligner - start of orthodontic treatment;
- 3 days after the start of orthodontic treatment;
- 7 days after the start of orthodontic treatment;
- 24 hours after delivery of the third clear aligner;
- 3 days after delivery of the third clear aligner;
- 7 days after delivery of the third clear aligner.
DP - delayed protocolDevice
All patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. In this group the attachments will be bonded at the beginning of third aligner, approximately one month after the start of orthodontic treatment. Two different questionnaires will be administered to the enrolled subjects: the italian version of the adapted OHIP-14 questionnaire, and a customized questionnaire.
The questionnaires will be completed at different stages of orthodontic treatment, as following:
- 24 hours after the delivery of the first aligner - start of orthodontic treatment;
- 3 days after the start of orthodontic treatment;
- 7 days after the start of orthodontic treatment;
- 24 hours after delivery of the third clear aligner;
- 3 days after delivery of the third clear aligner;
- 7 days after delivery of the third clear aligner.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CP- Conventional protocol | Active comparator | A group of patients a group of patients to whom attachments will be bonded at the beginning of the first aligner. Receives: Device: CP - conventional protocol |
| DP - delayed protocol | Experimental | A group of patients to whom attachments will be bonded at the beginning of the third aligner, approximately one month after the start of orthodontic treatment. Receives: Device: DP - delayed protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Questionnaires used and how scores were assessed
The modified OHIP Italian version has 20 questions categorized into 7 sections, concerning the limitation generated by deterioration of oral health in relation to clear aligners: functional, pain, psychological discomfort, physical or psychological or social disability, and handicap. The answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. The customised questionnaire has 9 questions, concerning the limitation generated by discomfort caused by attachments. For 8 questions, the answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. For the last question the answer is based on NRS scale, in fact it ranges from 0 to 10. Lower score indicates less pain perceived by the patient.
Measured: 37 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2024
- Study start10 Oct 2023
- Primary completion30 Apr 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion22 Dec 2024 (estimated)
Why it stopped: The study is not feasible in the centre. A new study is presented
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MalocclusionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06218641
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 5699
- Acronym
- ATTACH-1
- Status last verified
- Jan 2024
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 18 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Weir T. Clear aligners in orthodontic treatment. Aust Dent J. 2017 Mar;62 Suppl 1:58-62. doi: 10.1111/adj.12480.
PubMed 28297094Bergius M, Kiliaridis S, Berggren U. Pain in orthodontics. A review and discussion of the literature. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61(2):125-37. doi: 10.1007/BF01300354. English, German.
PubMed 10783564Bergius M, Berggren U, Kiliaridis S. Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Apr;110(2):92-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11193.x.
PubMed 12013568Rakhshan H, Rakhshan V. Pain and discomfort perceived during the initial stage of active fixed orthodontic treatment. Saudi Dent J. 2015 Apr;27(2):81-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.11.002. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
PubMed 26082574Lew KK. Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;21(1):31-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00715.x.
PubMed 8432102Antonio-Zancajo L, Montero J, Albaladejo A, Oteo-Calatayud MD, Alvarado-Lorenzo A. Pain and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in Orthodontic Patients During Initial Therapy with Conventional, Low-Friction, and Lingual Brackets and Aligners (Invisalign): A Prospective Clinical Study. J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 3;9(7):2088. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072088.
PubMed 32635196Tamer I, Oztas E, Marsan G. Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners and The Scientific Reality Behind Their Marketing: A Literature Review. Turk J Orthod. 2019 Dec 1;32(4):241-246. doi: 10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2019.18083. eCollection 2019 Dec.
PubMed 32110470White DW, Julien KC, Jacob H, Campbell PM, Buschang PH. Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: A randomized, prospective trial. Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov;87(6):801-808. doi: 10.2319/091416-687.1. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
PubMed 28753032Cardoso PC, Espinosa DG, Mecenas P, Flores-Mir C, Normando D. Pain level between clear aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2020 Jan 20;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40510-019-0303-z.
PubMed 31956934Almasoud NN. Pain perception among patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances and Invisalign(R) aligners during the first week of orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 2018 Sep;48(5):326-332. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.5.326. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
PubMed 30206531Franchignoni M, Giordano A, Brigatti E, Migliario M, Levrini L, Ferriero G. [Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the reduced form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2010 Jul-Sep;32(3 Suppl B):B71-8. Italian.
PubMed 21302527Thong ISK, Jensen MP, Miro J, Tan G. The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure? Scand J Pain. 2018 Jan 26;18(1):99-107. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0012.
PubMed 29794282
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Discomfort Perceived by a Cohort of Patients Treated With Aligners and Attachments Placed According to Two Different Protocols. Single-blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Clinical Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06218641
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ATTACH-1 / 5699
- Conditions
- Malocclusion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: The study is not feasible in the centre. A new study is presented
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 22 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary aim of the study is to compare the perception of pain and discomfort with two different protocols of attachments' placement during clear aligner therapy: the conventional protocol (CP), when attachments' placement is performed are placed at the delivery of the first aligner; the delayed protocol (DP), when the attachments' placement is performed at the delivery of the third aligner. The rationale of this study is to evaluate whether dividing the two phases most associated with the onset of pain and discomfort, namely the initiation of aligner therapy and the placement of attachments, can improve patients' quality of life during clear aligner treatment. Patients' discomfort will be evaluated with a questionnaire adapted by OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile 14).
Detailed description
The study was approved by the Institutional Review board of the Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy (prot. n. 17048/23). All adult patients with class I and II malocclusion referred to the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli will be consecutively enrolled for this study.
All patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. Patients will be randomly allocated in two different groups: the study group includes patients following the delayed protocol (DP), while the control group is composed of patients' following the conventional protocol (CP). The aligner will be changed every 15 days, so the attachment placement in the DP will be performed around 30 days from the beginning of the clear aligner treatment.
The modified OHIP Italian version has 20 questions categorized into 7 sections, concerning the limitation generated by deterioration of oral health in relation to clear aligners: functional, pain, psychological discomfort, physical or psychological or social disability, and handicap. The answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. The customised questionnaire has 9 questions, concerning the limitation generated by discomfort caused by attachments. For 8 questions, the answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. For the last question the answer is based on NRS scale, in fact it ranges from 0 to 10. Lower score indicates less pain perceived by the patient.
The questionnaires will be filled out at different phases of orthodontic treatment, specifically: at the delivery of the first aligner, after 3 and 7 days; at the delivery of the third aligner, after 3 and 7 days. The survey scheduling is arranged according to White, who stated that the patients' perception of pain and discomfort occurred within 7 days after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment; then, patients' quality of life tends to return to a baseline condition.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CP- Conventional protocol | Active comparator | Device: CP - conventional protocolA group of patients a group of patients to whom attachments will be bonded at the beginning of the first aligner. |
| DP - delayed protocol | Experimental | Device: DP - delayed protocolA group of patients to whom attachments will be bonded at the beginning of the third aligner, approximately one month after the start of orthodontic treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age between 18 and 40 years;
- Class I and II malocclusion
- Non-extractive treatment;
- No missing teeth (third molars excluded);
- Good oral and general health.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patients with tooth-related pain (presence of dental and/or periodontal abscesses and presence of gingivitis)
- Presence of semi-included elements;
- Patients taking bisphosphonates or other anti-resorptive drugs;
- Patients with conditions involving chronic pain and/or on chronic therapy with antifiammatories/opiods or other drugs that may act on pain perception;
- Patients with temporomandibular disorders;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CP - conventional protocolAll patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. In this group the attachments will be bonded at the beginning of first aligner. Two different questionnaires will be administered to the enrolled subjects: the italian version of the adapted OHIP-14 questionnaire, and a customized questionnaire. The questionnaires will be completed at different stages of orthodontic treatment, as following: * 24 hours after the delivery of the first aligner - start of orthodontic treatment; * 3 days after the start of orthodontic treatment; * 7 days after the start of orthodontic treatment; * 24 hours after delivery of the third clear aligner; * 3 days after delivery of the third clear aligner; * 7 days after delivery of the third clear aligner. | Device | CP- Conventional protocol |
| DP - delayed protocolAll patients will be treated with Biomax Nuvola aligners built based on the individual patient's characteristics. The number of aligners and the number/type of attachments will be chosen on the basis of the individual malocclusions. In this group the attachments will be bonded at the beginning of third aligner, approximately one month after the start of orthodontic treatment. Two different questionnaires will be administered to the enrolled subjects: the italian version of the adapted OHIP-14 questionnaire, and a customized questionnaire. The questionnaires will be completed at different stages of orthodontic treatment, as following: * 24 hours after the delivery of the first aligner - start of orthodontic treatment; * 3 days after the start of orthodontic treatment; * 7 days after the start of orthodontic treatment; * 24 hours after delivery of the third clear aligner; * 3 days after delivery of the third clear aligner; * 7 days after delivery of the third clear aligner. | Device | DP - delayed protocol |
Primary outcome
Questionnaires used and how scores were assessed
Time frame: 37 days
The modified OHIP Italian version has 20 questions categorized into 7 sections, concerning the limitation generated by deterioration of oral health in relation to clear aligners: functional, pain, psychological discomfort, physical or psychological or social disability, and handicap. The answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. The customised questionnaire has 9 questions, concerning the limitation generated by discomfort caused by attachments. For 8 questions, the answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Possible categories are: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), habitually (3), and very often (4). Low scores indicate better self-perception of quality of life. For the last question the answer is based on NRS scale, in fact it ranges from 0 to 10. Lower score indicates less pain perceived by the patient.
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jul 2024.
- Background: PubMed 28297094Weir T. Clear aligners in orthodontic treatment. Aust Dent J. 2017 Mar;62 Suppl 1:58-62. doi: 10.1111/adj.12480.
- Background: PubMed 10783564Bergius M, Kiliaridis S, Berggren U. Pain in orthodontics. A review and discussion of the literature. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61(2):125-37. doi: 10.1007/BF01300354. English, German.
- Background: PubMed 12013568Bergius M, Berggren U, Kiliaridis S. Experience of pain during an orthodontic procedure. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Apr;110(2):92-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11193.x.
- Background: PubMed 26082574Rakhshan H, Rakhshan V. Pain and discomfort perceived during the initial stage of active fixed orthodontic treatment. Saudi Dent J. 2015 Apr;27(2):81-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.11.002. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
- Background: PubMed 8432102Lew KK. Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;21(1):31-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00715.x.
- Background: PubMed 32635196Antonio-Zancajo L, Montero J, Albaladejo A, Oteo-Calatayud MD, Alvarado-Lorenzo A. Pain and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in Orthodontic Patients During Initial Therapy with Conventional, Low-Friction, and Lingual Brackets and Aligners (Invisalign): A Prospective Clinical Study. J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 3;9(7):2088. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072088.
- Background: PubMed 32110470Tamer I, Oztas E, Marsan G. Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners and The Scientific Reality Behind Their Marketing: A Literature Review. Turk J Orthod. 2019 Dec 1;32(4):241-246. doi: 10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2019.18083. eCollection 2019 Dec.
- Background: PubMed 28753032White DW, Julien KC, Jacob H, Campbell PM, Buschang PH. Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: A randomized, prospective trial. Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov;87(6):801-808. doi: 10.2319/091416-687.1. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
- Background: PubMed 31956934Cardoso PC, Espinosa DG, Mecenas P, Flores-Mir C, Normando D. Pain level between clear aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2020 Jan 20;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40510-019-0303-z.
- Background: PubMed 30206531Almasoud NN. Pain perception among patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances and Invisalign(R) aligners during the first week of orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 2018 Sep;48(5):326-332. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.5.326. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
- Background: PubMed 21302527Franchignoni M, Giordano A, Brigatti E, Migliario M, Levrini L, Ferriero G. [Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the reduced form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2010 Jul-Sep;32(3 Suppl B):B71-8. Italian.
- Background: PubMed 29794282Thong ISK, Jensen MP, Miro J, Tan G. The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure? Scand J Pain. 2018 Jan 26;18(1):99-107. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0012.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing CP - conventional protocol and DP - delayed protocol in people with Malocclusion, run by Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Questionnaires used and how scores were assessed (time frame: 37 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06218641, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jul 2024.