StrokeStrokeVNSNCT06226493
EEG Changes and DNA Markers Related to taVNS in Stroke Patients: a Preliminary Study
A study testing Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in people with Stroke, run by Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
In the United States, more than 795,000 people have a stroke every year. Motor impairment after a stroke is common and can be debilitating. To date, there remain few treatments available to help improve motor recovery after a stroke, making this an important area of research. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 29 Jan 2024to 30 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- First-time Cerebrovascular Accident (Ischemic or Hemorrhagic)
- Within a month post-injury
- Presence of motor impairments (FMA-U≤62)
Who cannot join
- Advanced cardiac, pulmonary, liver, or kidney disease
- Bradycardia (Resting HR < 60)
- Presence of Apraxia, Aphasia or confusion
- Other musculoskeletal or neurologic diseases that could interfere with the outcome measures
- Previous surgical intervention on the vagus nerve
- Participation in other clinical trials
- Alcohol or drug abuse
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare
Pomona, California, 91769
Caroline Schnakers, PhD, 909-596-7733 ext. 3038, cschnakers@casacolina.org
Niko Fullmer, 909-596-7733 ext. 2220, nfullmer@casacolina.org
About this study
Official title: EEG Changes and DNA Markers Related to Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) in Acute Stroke Patients: a Preliminary Study
In the United States, more than 795,000 people have a stroke every year. Motor impairment after a stroke is common and can be debilitating. To date, there remain few treatments available to help improve motor recovery after a stroke, making this an important area of research. Novel use of neuromodulation such as Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve motor recovery in stroke patients. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), in which the nerve is stimulated with electrical pulses, has demonstrated success for a variety of conditions, including inflammation, depression, cognitive dysfunction, chronic fatigue, headaches/migraines, pain, insomnia, and cardiovascular issues. Very recently, non-invasive options have been developed and might be a promising alternative. The research in this area is still very limited and much more research is needed to investigate non-invasive/trancutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) related biomechanisms and to further support its efficacy in acute patients. The purpose of this study is to build upon the current research to investigate changes in electrical brain activity (using electrophysiology) and genetic markers related to improvements in both motor and cognitive recovery following the use of taVNS vs. sham in acute stroke patients.
Read the detailed description
To date, there are only few treatments available to help improve recovery after a stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is FDA approved for the treatment of epilepsy, migraines, and refractory depression. However, there are many novel applications that are being actively researched and show great promise. One such application is to enhance neurologic recovery after stroke. Dawson et al performed a clinical trial that showed implanted VNS improved motor recovery in patients with upper extremity motor deficits following an ischemic stroke. Due to its invasive nature, implanted VNS is often viewed as an impractical option. An alternative is to stimulate the vagus nerve externally, thus avoiding surgery and surgical complications. One approach is transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) at the tragus. This region of the external ear is partially innervated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, making it a good site for cutaneous stimulation. The tragus also offers some advantages in terms of ease of applying electricity to the anterior wall of the external ear canal by being able to clip onto the tragus. Furthermore, studies have shown that stimulation through the auricular canal causes activation of the vagus nerve pathway, comparable to direct stimulation of the nerve itself. Thus far, the available literature has focused mostly on patients with chronic stroke (>6 months) showing preliminary safety and efficacy for such technique. Time-window might be an important factor impacting treatment efficacy. Applying taVNS in acute patients where neural plasticity is still occurring in a stable but healing brain might be more impactful than in chronic patients where most of the damages have occurred and neural plasticity has slow down drastically. One double-blinded randomized controlled study by Li and co-workers (2022) in 60 acute stroke patients showed that combining taVNS with conventional rehabilitation improved safely the recovery of motor functions at follow-up (until one year post-treatment) as compared to sham. However, that study does not investigate the biomechanisms of such recovery. Understanding how taVNS changes neural functioning is nevertheless crucial in order to understand its mechanisms of action in the acute stage. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) will be used since this technique is easily implementable in clinical settings and, since a substantial amount of research have linked EEG recordings at rest (e.g., delta to alpha power ratio) to later recovery after stroke. Previous research was also limited to assessing motor recovery and could benefit from a more holistic approach including the assessment of its impact on cognitive recovery. Our study will also use genetic markers. Indeed, genetic markers have been highlighted in more recent years as potentially yielding precious information on how predisposing factors related to brain structure and functioning can impact an individual's outcome. Prior research suggests that presence of DNA markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and/or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) influence stroke patients' recovery (8-14). Specific BDNF polymorphisms can be associated with motor deficits (i.e., altered short-term plasticity and motor learning) (9, 11), while some of COMT polymorphisms can be associated with lower dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (12-13). Finally, taVNS sessions were given to acute patients while hospitalized over the course of 4 weeks while the average length of stay in the US is between 1 and 3 weeks depending on the severity of impairments in stroke patients. Therefore, this sham-controlled study will also assess if both motor and cognitive improvements can be obtained in stroke patients using a shorter time frame (2 weeks).
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, electrophysiology
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulationDevice
The Parasym Plus device (https://parasym.io) is a transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulator that has been deemed non-significant risk (NSR) by the FDA. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulator is a non-significant risk device, as it involves electrical stimulation of the external ear using an ear clip, with no invasive components. The stimulation parameters will be limited to the confines of existing published data. tVNS is safe and well tolerated at doses tested in research studies. The Parasym device is considered low risk when used in accordance with the instructions for use. Participants will be properly trained to use the device, and those with contraindications will be excluded for extra precaution. A low incidence of skin irritation has been reported. No serious adverse events have been reported.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| TaVNS intervention | Experimental | Before starting applying taVNS, patients will be assessed using the FMA-U and the mRS for motor recovery as well as the MOCA for cognitive recovery. Resting state EEG will be recorded with eyes open during 15 minutes using our 64 electrodes cap (actiCHamp Plus; brainproducts.com), just after the behavioral assessment is performed. On the same day, patients will receive taVNS for 45 minutes, during therapy. The stimulation parameters, will be as follows: 250ms square pulses at 20 Hz. The electrical stimulation will given for 45 minutes a day for 10 working days (5 days a week for 2 weeks). The amplitude will be 1.7mA but may be reduced to 1.0mA if the patient is unable to tolerate due to discomfort or pain. After the last taVNS session is applied, outcome measures will be administered again by the research team. A follow-up at 6 months after the end of the last session will be conducted over the phone using the adapted version of the mRS and the MOCA. Receives: Device: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation |
| Sham Group | Sham comparator | The sham procedure is identical to taVNS, except the device built-in sham setting will stop the stimulation gradually after one minute (this setting will be set by the research coordinator before starting the first session). Receives: Device: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Resting state electroencephalogram (EEG)
Resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) will be recorded with eyes open during 15 minutes using our 64 electrodes cap (actiCHamp Plus; brainproducts.com). Spectral analysis will be performed on consecutive, artifact-free, epochs of awake EEG signal. The selected epochs will be filtered (1-70 Hz, 12 db/octave), followed by a 60 Hz notch filter to suppress the noise of the electrical power line, reformatted against the linked Cz reference. In order to remove blink-artifacts, we will apply an ICA-artifact rejection algorithm. Then, the selected EEG activity will be divided into non-overlapping 2 s segments and analyzed using the fast Fourier transform. Power spectral density (PSD) will be evaluated in the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (5-8 Hz), alpha (9-12 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) bands. Primary measure will nevertheless be PSD ratio of fast (alpha) to slow (delta) frequencies. Such ratios will be compared just before starting and just after the last taVNS session.
Measured: within 24 hours before intervention and within 24 hours after the end of the intervention
Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Upper extremity
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper extremity evaluates and measures recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The motor portion scores range from 0-66. The higher the score, the better the function.
Measured: within 24 hours before intervention and within 24hours after the end of the intervention
DNA Data
Frequency of polymorphisms per marker (BDNF,COMT) will be estimated. These values will be used as a cofactor in a repeated measures 2x2 ANOVA framework with behavioral data as dependent variable, time as a within-subjects variable (pre/post) and group (taVNS, Sham) as a between subjects variable.
Measured: Sample to be taken at Day 1 of participation prior to taVNS treatment
Secondary outcomes (2)
The modified Rankin Scale
The modified Rankin Scale is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability. Its scores range from 0 to 5 (lower scores reflecting better outcome). It has become the most widely used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials and can be administered reliably over the phone.
Measured: within 24 hours before intervention as well as within 24 hours and 6 months after the end of the intervention
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a brief screening instrument originally designed to identify mild cognitive impairment in elderly patients attending a memory clinic. It is a 1-page test with scores ranging from 0 to 30 (higher scores reflecting better outcome), administrable in around 10 minutes, which evaluates different domains: visuospatial abilities, executive functions, short-term memory recall, attention, concentration, working memory, language, and orientation to time and space. This test has alternate versions that allow serial assessments and has been adapted to phone interview.
Measured: within 24 hours before intervention as well as within 24 hours and 6 months after the end of the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2024
- Study start29 Jan 2024
- Primary completion1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Foundation for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Caroline Schnakers, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare
- Investigators
- Elliott Block, MD, Principal investigator, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06226493
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Casa Colina
- Acronym
- StrokeVNS
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 31 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- EEG Changes and DNA Markers Related to Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) in Acute Stroke Patients: a Preliminary Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06226493
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- StrokeVNS / Casa Colina
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, electrophysiology
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for HealthcareUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Foundation for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Study start
- 29 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In the United States, more than 795,000 people have a stroke every year. Motor impairment after a stroke is common and can be debilitating. To date, there remain few treatments available to help improve motor recovery after a stroke, making this an important area of research. Novel use of neuromodulation such as Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve motor recovery in stroke patients. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), in which the nerve is stimulated with electrical pulses, has demonstrated success for a variety of conditions, including inflammation, depression, cognitive dysfunction, chronic fatigue, headaches/migraines, pain, insomnia, and cardiovascular issues. Very recently, non-invasive options have been developed and might be a promising alternative. The research in this area is still very limited and much more research is needed to investigate non-invasive/trancutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) related biomechanisms and to further support its efficacy in acute patients. The purpose of this study is to build upon the current research to investigate changes in electrical brain activity (using electrophysiology) and genetic markers related to improvements in both motor and cognitive recovery following the use of taVNS vs. sham in acute stroke patients.
Detailed description
To date, there are only few treatments available to help improve recovery after a stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is FDA approved for the treatment of epilepsy, migraines, and refractory depression. However, there are many novel applications that are being actively researched and show great promise. One such application is to enhance neurologic recovery after stroke. Dawson et al performed a clinical trial that showed implanted VNS improved motor recovery in patients with upper extremity motor deficits following an ischemic stroke. Due to its invasive nature, implanted VNS is often viewed as an impractical option. An alternative is to stimulate the vagus nerve externally, thus avoiding surgery and surgical complications. One approach is transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) at the tragus. This region of the external ear is partially innervated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, making it a good site for cutaneous stimulation. The tragus also offers some advantages in terms of ease of applying electricity to the anterior wall of the external ear canal by being able to clip onto the tragus. Furthermore, studies have shown that stimulation through the auricular canal causes activation of the vagus nerve pathway, comparable to direct stimulation of the nerve itself. Thus far, the available literature has focused mostly on patients with chronic stroke (>6 months) showing preliminary safety and efficacy for such technique. Time-window might be an important factor impacting treatment efficacy. Applying taVNS in acute patients where neural plasticity is still occurring in a stable but healing brain might be more impactful than in chronic patients where most of the damages have occurred and neural plasticity has slow down drastically. One double-blinded randomized controlled study by Li and co-workers (2022) in 60 acute stroke patients showed that combining taVNS with conventional rehabilitation improved safely the recovery of motor functions at follow-up (until one year post-treatment) as compared to sham. However, that study does not investigate the biomechanisms of such recovery. Understanding how taVNS changes neural functioning is nevertheless crucial in order to understand its mechanisms of action in the acute stage. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) will be used since this technique is easily implementable in clinical settings and, since a substantial amount of research have linked EEG recordings at rest (e.g., delta to alpha power ratio) to later recovery after stroke. Previous research was also limited to assessing motor recovery and could benefit from a more holistic approach including the assessment of its impact on cognitive recovery. Our study will also use genetic markers. Indeed, genetic markers have been highlighted in more recent years as potentially yielding precious information on how predisposing factors related to brain structure and functioning can impact an individual's outcome. Prior research suggests that presence of DNA markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and/or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) influence stroke patients' recovery (8-14). Specific BDNF polymorphisms can be associated with motor deficits (i.e., altered short-term plasticity and motor learning) (9, 11), while some of COMT polymorphisms can be associated with lower dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (12-13). Finally, taVNS sessions were given to acute patients while hospitalized over the course of 4 weeks while the average length of stay in the US is between 1 and 3 weeks depending on the severity of impairments in stroke patients. Therefore, this sham-controlled study will also assess if both motor and cognitive improvements can be obtained in stroke patients using a shorter time frame (2 weeks).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| TaVNS intervention | Experimental | Device: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulationBefore starting applying taVNS, patients will be assessed using the FMA-U and the mRS for motor recovery as well as the MOCA for cognitive recovery. Resting state EEG will be recorded with eyes open during 15 minutes using our 64 electrodes cap (actiCHamp Plus; brainproducts.com), just after the behavioral assessment is performed. On the same day, patients will receive taVNS for 45 minutes, during therapy. The stimulation parameters, will be as follows: 250ms square pulses at 20 Hz. The electrical stimulation will given for 45 minutes a day for 10 working days (5 days a week for 2 weeks). The amplitude will be 1.7mA but may be reduced to 1.0mA if the patient is unable to tolerate due to discomfort or pain. After the last taVNS session is applied, outcome measures will be administered again by the research team. A follow-up at 6 months after the end of the last session will be conducted over the phone using the adapted version of the mRS and the MOCA. |
| Sham Group | Sham comparator | Device: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulationThe sham procedure is identical to taVNS, except the device built-in sham setting will stop the stimulation gradually after one minute (this setting will be set by the research coordinator before starting the first session). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- First-time Cerebrovascular Accident (Ischemic or Hemorrhagic)
- Within a month post-injury
- Presence of motor impairments (FMA-U≤62)
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Advanced cardiac, pulmonary, liver, or kidney disease
- Bradycardia (Resting HR < 60)
- Presence of Apraxia, Aphasia or confusion
- Other musculoskeletal or neurologic diseases that could interfere with the outcome measures
- Previous surgical intervention on the vagus nerve
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulationThe Parasym Plus device (https://parasym.io) is a transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulator that has been deemed non-significant risk (NSR) by the FDA. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulator is a non-significant risk device, as it involves electrical stimulation of the external ear using an ear clip, with no invasive components. The stimulation parameters will be limited to the confines of existing published data. tVNS is safe and well tolerated at doses tested in research studies. The Parasym device is considered low risk when used in accordance with the instructions for use. Participants will be properly trained to use the device, and those with contraindications will be excluded for extra precaution. A low incidence of skin irritation has been reported. No serious adverse events have been reported. | Device | Sham Group, TaVNS intervention |
Primary outcome
Resting state electroencephalogram (EEG)
Time frame: within 24 hours before intervention and within 24 hours after the end of the intervention
Resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) will be recorded with eyes open during 15 minutes using our 64 electrodes cap (actiCHamp Plus; brainproducts.com). Spectral analysis will be performed on consecutive, artifact-free, epochs of awake EEG signal. The selected epochs will be filtered (1-70 Hz, 12 db/octave), followed by a 60 Hz notch filter to suppress the noise of the electrical power line, reformatted against the linked Cz reference. In order to remove blink-artifacts, we will apply an ICA-artifact rejection algorithm. Then, the selected EEG activity will be divided into non-overlapping 2 s segments and analyzed using the fast Fourier transform. Power spectral density (PSD) will be evaluated in the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (5-8 Hz), alpha (9-12 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) bands. Primary measure will nevertheless be PSD ratio of fast (alpha) to slow (delta) frequencies. Such ratios will be compared just before starting and just after the last taVNS session.
Fugl-Meyer Assessment - Upper extremity
Time frame: within 24 hours before intervention and within 24hours after the end of the intervention
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper extremity evaluates and measures recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The motor portion scores range from 0-66. The higher the score, the better the function.
DNA Data
Time frame: Sample to be taken at Day 1 of participation prior to taVNS treatment
Frequency of polymorphisms per marker (BDNF,COMT) will be estimated. These values will be used as a cofactor in a repeated measures 2x2 ANOVA framework with behavioral data as dependent variable, time as a within-subjects variable (pre/post) and group (taVNS, Sham) as a between subjects variable.
2 secondary outcomes
The modified Rankin Scale
Time frame: within 24 hours before intervention as well as within 24 hours and 6 months after the end of the intervention
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Time frame: within 24 hours before intervention as well as within 24 hours and 6 months after the end of the intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Mar 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Elliott Block, MD principal investigator
Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in people with Stroke, run by Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Caroline Schnakers, PhD ((909)596-7733 ext. 3038, cschnakers@casacolina.org), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) (time frame: within 24 hours before intervention and within 24 hours after the end of the intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Mar 2026.