SchizophreniaNCT06226779
Baduanjin Versus Brisk Walking for Cognition in Schizophrenia
A study testing Baduanjin exercsie, Brisk walking and Health education in people with Schizophrenia and Exercise, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The current study intends to recruit participants with schizophrenia for the practice of Baduanjin, brisk walking, and health education after enrollment. The study also including a maintenance program. Cognitive and physical function assessments will be conducted before, after, and during follow-up tests. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Schizophrenia, Exercise, Condition
- What is being tested?
- Baduanjin exercsie, Brisk walking and Health education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 63 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 16 Jan 2024to 15 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Having a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-5.
- Who will be above 20-65 years of age .
- Having a stable mental status without shift in medication and keep in same dose for at least one month.
- Being able to walk independently for 50 meters.
Who cannot join
- Serious physical conditions that will impede participation, such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease or pulmonary system disease.
- Visual or auditory impairment that precludes completion of assessment.
- Acute psychosis requiring hospitalization.
- Presence of severe withdrawal or profound cognitive disability that cause difficulties in following instructions.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center
Kaohsiung City, 833
About this study
Official title: Mindful Exercise Baduanjin Versus Brisk Walking for Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia
The current study intends to recruit participants with schizophrenia for the practice of Baduanjin, brisk walking, and health education after enrollment. The study also including a maintenance program. Cognitive and physical function assessments will be conducted before, after, and during follow-up tests. The research hypothesis posits that both Baduanjin and brisk walking will confer beneficial effects on various aspects of cognitive and physical functions.
Read the detailed description
Cognitive function deficits are core features in patients with schizophrenia. These deficits need active intervention to prevent functional decline. Baduanjin and brisk walking show promise as interventions in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of Baduanjin exercise versus brisk walking in patients with schizophrenia.
This study will be a single-blind, 3-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.
A total of 72 patients with schizophrenia will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the Baduanjin group, brisk walking group or control group. The intervention group will practice Badunjin exercise. While participants in brisk walking group will receive brisk walking at the same duration. The controls will watch videos that are not aimed at improving physical exertion. Maintenance programs will also be conducted for participants to encourage practicing in exercise after intervention. All group will undergo evaluation at three time points: baseline, immediately after intervention and 4-week follow up after intervention. The primary outcome will be cognitive function and physical function. Secondary outcomes will include mood, sleep quality, and quality of live.
- Conditions
- Schizophrenia, Exercise, Condition
- Being tested
- Baduanjin exercsie, Brisk walking, Health education
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, mindful exercise, exercise, cognition
- Medical subject headings
- Schizophrenia, Motor Activity, Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Baduanjin exercsieBehavioural
Also called Mindful baduanjin
The Baduanjin exercise consists of 8 postures, with emphasis on different body parts. The exercise is commonly practiced as follows: (1) 2 hands holding up the heavens, (2) drawing the bow to shoot the eagle, (3) separating the heaven and earth, (4) wise owl gazing backwards, (5) swaying the head and shaking the tail, (6) 2 hands holding the feet to strengthen the waist, (7) clenching the fists and glaring fiercely, and (8) bouncing on the toes.
Brisk walkingBehavioural
Also called aerobic walking
The brisk walking will be gradually increased physical exertion from light to moderate of intensity. During the training period, the heart rate of participants will be monitored.
Health educationBehavioural
Also called video watching
Health education will include lecture classes. Video watching will watch videos which were not aim at improving physical exertion, such as sports games or sports related variety shows
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Baduanjin | Experimental | Parcipants will practice baduanjin exercise. Receives: Behavioral: Baduanjin exercsie |
| Brisk walking | Active comparator | Parcipants will perform brisk walking activities. Receives: Behavioral: Brisk walking |
| health education | Other | Parcipants will receive health education classes and watch sport related videos. Receives: Behavioral: Health education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change score of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)
BACS is a battery of cognition tests that measure verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, and executive function.The BACS is comprised of seven subtests: (1) the List Learning Test, (2) Digit Sequencing Test, (3) Token Motor Test, (4) Category Instance Test, (5) Controlled Oral Word Association Test, (6) Symbol Coding, and (7) Tower of London Test.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of 6-minute walk test
This test evaluates cardiovascular fitness and walking speed.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of 30-second chair stand test
This test evaluates muscular endurance of lower-extremities.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Timed up-and-go test
This test evaluates functional mobility, agility and balance
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (manual)
This test requires carry a cup of water 3 cm from the top of the cup while performing the Timed up-and-go test. It evaluates dual task performance.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (cognitive)
This test combine serial three counting and Timed up-and-go test simultaneously. It evaluates dual task performance.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change score of Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)
DASS-21 is a self-report questionnaire that measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change score of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
PSQI is a self-report assessment which contains 19 items to measure sleep quality
Measured: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2024
- Study start16 Jan 2024
- Primary completion15 Jan 2025
- Study completion15 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for SchizophreniaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Chang Gung Memorial HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 63 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chen Chyi-Rong, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Investigators
- Chen Chyi-Rong, Master, Principal investigator, Chang gung memorial hospital, Kaohsiung branch
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06226779
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202400006B0
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 29 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Mindful Exercise Baduanjin Versus Brisk Walking for Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06226779
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202400006B0
- Conditions
- Schizophrenia, Exercise, Condition
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, mindful exercise, exercise, cognition
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 63 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Chang Gung Memorial HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The current study intends to recruit participants with schizophrenia for the practice of Baduanjin, brisk walking, and health education after enrollment. The study also including a maintenance program. Cognitive and physical function assessments will be conducted before, after, and during follow-up tests. The research hypothesis posits that both Baduanjin and brisk walking will confer beneficial effects on various aspects of cognitive and physical functions.
Detailed description
Cognitive function deficits are core features in patients with schizophrenia. These deficits need active intervention to prevent functional decline. Baduanjin and brisk walking show promise as interventions in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of Baduanjin exercise versus brisk walking in patients with schizophrenia.
This study will be a single-blind, 3-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.
A total of 72 patients with schizophrenia will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the Baduanjin group, brisk walking group or control group. The intervention group will practice Badunjin exercise. While participants in brisk walking group will receive brisk walking at the same duration. The controls will watch videos that are not aimed at improving physical exertion. Maintenance programs will also be conducted for participants to encourage practicing in exercise after intervention. All group will undergo evaluation at three time points: baseline, immediately after intervention and 4-week follow up after intervention. The primary outcome will be cognitive function and physical function. Secondary outcomes will include mood, sleep quality, and quality of live.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Baduanjin | Experimental | Behavioral: Baduanjin exercsieParcipants will practice baduanjin exercise. |
| Brisk walking | Active comparator | Behavioral: Brisk walkingParcipants will perform brisk walking activities. |
| health education | Other | Behavioral: Health educationParcipants will receive health education classes and watch sport related videos. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Having a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-5.
- Who will be above 20-65 years of age .
- Having a stable mental status without shift in medication and keep in same dose for at least one month.
- Being able to walk independently for 50 meters.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Serious physical conditions that will impede participation, such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease or pulmonary system disease.
- Visual or auditory impairment that precludes completion of assessment.
- Acute psychosis requiring hospitalization.
- Presence of severe withdrawal or profound cognitive disability that cause difficulties in following instructions.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Baduanjin exercsieAlso: Mindful baduanjinThe Baduanjin exercise consists of 8 postures, with emphasis on different body parts. The exercise is commonly practiced as follows: (1) 2 hands holding up the heavens, (2) drawing the bow to shoot the eagle, (3) separating the heaven and earth, (4) wise owl gazing backwards, (5) swaying the head and shaking the tail, (6) 2 hands holding the feet to strengthen the waist, (7) clenching the fists and glaring fiercely, and (8) bouncing on the toes. | Behavioural | Baduanjin |
| Brisk walkingAlso: aerobic walkingThe brisk walking will be gradually increased physical exertion from light to moderate of intensity. During the training period, the heart rate of participants will be monitored. | Behavioural | Brisk walking |
| Health educationAlso: video watchingHealth education will include lecture classes. Video watching will watch videos which were not aim at improving physical exertion, such as sports games or sports related variety shows | Behavioural | health education |
Primary outcome
Change score of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
BACS is a battery of cognition tests that measure verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, and executive function.The BACS is comprised of seven subtests: (1) the List Learning Test, (2) Digit Sequencing Test, (3) Token Motor Test, (4) Category Instance Test, (5) Controlled Oral Word Association Test, (6) Symbol Coding, and (7) Tower of London Test.
Change scores of 6-minute walk test
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
This test evaluates cardiovascular fitness and walking speed.
Change scores of 30-second chair stand test
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
This test evaluates muscular endurance of lower-extremities.
Change scores of Timed up-and-go test
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
This test evaluates functional mobility, agility and balance
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (manual)
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
This test requires carry a cup of water 3 cm from the top of the cup while performing the Timed up-and-go test. It evaluates dual task performance.
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (cognitive)
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
This test combine serial three counting and Timed up-and-go test simultaneously. It evaluates dual task performance.
2 secondary outcomes
Change score of Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change score of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
Time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jul 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chen Chyi-Rong, Master principal investigator
Chang gung memorial hospital, Kaohsiung branch
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Baduanjin exercsie, Brisk walking and Health education in people with Schizophrenia and Exercise, run by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change score of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) (time frame: Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jul 2025.