StrokeNCT06234124
Characterization and Clinical Trial of a Variable Friction Shoe
A study testing Variable Friction Shoe Training and Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training in people with Stroke, run by Shirley Ryan AbilityLab at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
More than one million Americans present with foot drop after stroke. As the aging population grows in the United States and across the world, incidence of stroke will grow as age is a key risk factor, thus there will be a need for low-cost, easy-to-use, and scalable solutions to administer proper therapy to promote… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Variable Friction Shoe Training and Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Apr 2024to Jun 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- At least 3 months poststroke
- Age 18 or older
- Possess a prescribed AFO or be a potential candidate for use of an AFO
- Can ambulate at least 10m with or without an assistive device such as a cane or walker
- Medically stable as determined by physician medical clearance
- No expected change in medications for at least 3 months
Show all 14Show fewer
- Adequate stability at the ankle during stance
- Ability to hear clicking noise made by the VF shoe
- Physician approval
- Ability to give informed consent
- Able to sit unsupported and be able to follow a three-step command
- No unhealed/unresolved orthopedic injury to either upper or lower extremity and no history of severe back pain
- English speaking
- Willing to follow an exercise program with both devices for at least 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days per week for the full length of the program (6 months)
Who cannot join
- History of falling more than once a week prior to the stroke
- Gait speed: self-selected velocity (SSV) greater than 1.2 m/s
- Inability to operate in the devices safely and no caregiver assistance available
- Morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2)
- Preexisting conditions such as serious cardiac conditions, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, demand pacemaker, seizures, excessive dysesthetic pain, and severe lower extremity pathology that would interfere with fit or use of the shoe.
- Severe deficits in cognition or communication
Show all 11Show fewer
- Pregnant women (status determined by self-reporting).
- Co-morbidity that interferes with the study (e.g. significant arthritis or joint problems, history of back injury, neuromuscular disorders, epilepsy, etc.).
- Severe Osteoporosis (status determined by self-reporting).
- Prisoners
- Not currently receiving botox to the lower extremities.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
Joe H PT, DPT, 312-238-8425, jharris2@sralab.org
Sara Prokup, DPT, 3122381355, sprokup@sralab.org
About this study
Official title: Characterization and Clinical Trial of a Variable Friction Shoe, a New Paradigm of Reduced-constraint Locomotor Therapy for People Exhibiting Foot Drop Due to Stroke
More than one million Americans present with foot drop after stroke. As the aging population grows in the United States and across the world, incidence of stroke will grow as age is a key risk factor, thus there will be a need for low-cost, easy-to-use, and scalable solutions to administer proper therapy to promote recovery. This study will evaluate a Variable Friction shoe (VF shoe), a new low-cost medical device, for foot drop in an at-home setting.
Read the detailed description
The investigators propose an alternative strategy that addresses the hazard of tripping even while allowing full volitional control of the ankle: an inexpensive Variable Friction (VF) shoe. Its outsole is high-friction during the stance phase of gait and low friction during swing; further, it produces a "click" when a scuff occurs.
The investigator's central hypothesis is that allowing volitional motion of the ankle while mitigating the hazard of tripping coupled with gait-phased auditory biofeedback will result in improved gait for subjects with drop foot. Specifically, the investigators hypothesize that the VF shoe will show significantly greater therapeutic effects than an AFO, yet maintain the desirable orthotic effect of the AFO. The study is arranged in two Aims.
Exploratory Aim: Identify a systematic, methodical approach to device fitting, in-clinic and at-home training with the VF shoe and optimization of collecting outcome measures as assessments. For example, up to 10 participants will be enrolled for up to 8 visits over 12 weeks to determine the optimal data collection methods, fitting and training of use of VF shoes, and order of assessments, etc.
Specific Aim 1: Characterize the scuff-force reduction of the VF shoe over the lifetime of use. Critical to understanding the effects of the VF shoe is a characterization of the level of scuff-force reduction.
Specific Aim 2: Evaluate the effects of the VF shoe on gait in individuals with chronic stroke and drop foot. During each 12-week phase of an AB-BA clinical trial, participants will walk for at least 30-45 minutes per day for at least 5 days per week at home.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Variable Friction Shoe Training, Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Variable Friction Shoe TrainingDevice
The experimental group (A) will be given a pair of VF shoes and instructed to use shoes on both feet. This group will be instructed to walk on hard surfaces to engage auditory feedback of the VF shoes. This group group will be monitored daily using actigraphy and will receive weekly check-up telephone calls by a member of the research team to record number of steps, walking time, a scale for self-identified effort and perceived safety levels.
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) TrainingDevice
The control group (B) will be provided an AFO to use on the paretic limb. This group will be instructed to walk on hard surfaces. This group group will be monitored daily using actigraphy and will receive weekly check-up telephone calls by a member of the research team to record number of steps, walking time, a scale for self-identified effort and perceived safety levels.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm AB: Variable Friction Shoe Training, AFO Training | Experimental | Baseline (T0), 12 weeks Variable Friction Shoe Training, Follow-up (T1), 2-week washout, Follow-up (T2), 12 weeks AFO Training, Follow-up (T3) Receives: Device: Variable Friction Shoe Training; Device: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training |
| Arm BA: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training, Variable Friction Shoe Training | Experimental | Baseline (T0), 12 weeks AFO Training, Follow-up (T1), 2-week washout, Follow-up (T2), 12 weeks Variable Friction Shoe Training, Follow-up (T3) Receives: Device: Variable Friction Shoe Training; Device: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Walking Speed (Device Off)
10 meter walk test (meters/second)
Measured: 26 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Berg Balance Scale
14 item objective measure designed to assess static balance and fall risk in adult populations. Items assessed include siting and standing balance during transfers, altered base of support, reaching, turning, eyes open and closed. Each item is scored 0 to 4 points for a maximum of 56 points.
Measured: 26 weeks
6 Minute Walk Test
The 6MWT measures the distance a subject can walk indoors on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes, using assistive devices, as necessary.
Measured: 26 weeks
Stroke Impact Scale
The SIS is a validated measure of the impact of stroke on overall physical and cognitive function. This 59-item patient-based questionnaire assesses eight domains of stroke recovery: strength, mobility, communication, emotion, memory and thinking, participation, activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) and hand function. An additional question requires the patient to rate their stroke recovery on a scale from 0 to 100. This measure instructs subjects to answer the question based on the period of time twofour weeks prior to the questionnaire
Measured: 26 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted31 Jan 2024
- Study start3 Apr 2024
- Primary completionJan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (77)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Shirley Ryan AbilityLabThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Randomized controlled clinical trial with a crossover design
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Arun Jayaraman, PT, PhD, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
- Investigators
- Arun H Jayaraman, DPT, PhD, Principal investigator, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06234124
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STU00219400
- Other IDs
- 1R01HD112475-01
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 11 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Burridge JH, Taylor PN, Hagan SA, Wood DE, Swain ID. The effects of common peroneal stimulation on the effort and speed of walking: a randomized controlled trial with chronic hemiplegic patients. Clin Rehabil. 1997 Aug;11(3):201-10. doi: 10.1177/026921559701100303.
PubMed 9360032Bulley C, Mercer TH, Hooper JE, Cowan P, Scott S, van der Linden ML. Experiences of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for foot-drop in people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2015 Nov;10(6):458-467. doi: 10.3109/17483107.2014.913713. Epub 2014 May 6.
PubMed 24796365Lee YS, Wang PY. Foot drop caused by a brain tumor: a case report. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2009 Jun;18(2):130-1.
PubMed 19673367Stewart JD. Foot drop: where, why and what to do? Pract Neurol. 2008 Jun;8(3):158-69. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.149393.
PubMed 18502948Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. No abstract available.
PubMed 29386200Lawrence ES, Coshall C, Dundas R, Stewart J, Rudd AG, Howard R, Wolfe CD. Estimates of the prevalence of acute stroke impairments and disability in a multiethnic population. Stroke. 2001 Jun;32(6):1279-84. doi: 10.1161/01.str.32.6.1279.
PubMed 11387487Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Stroke in a defined elderly population, 1967-1985. A less lethal and disabling but no less common disease. Stroke. 1997 Feb;28(2):284-90. doi: 10.1161/01.str.28.2.284.
PubMed 9040676Watkins CL, Leathley MJ, Gregson JM, Moore AP, Smith TL, Sharma AK. Prevalence of spasticity post stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2002 Aug;16(5):515-22. doi: 10.1191/0269215502cr512oa.
PubMed 12194622S. J. Olney and C. Richards, "Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part I: Characteristics," Gait Posture, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 136-148, 1996.
Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Stack E. Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Feb;83(2):165-70. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.28030.
PubMed 11833018Bethoux F, Rogers HL, Nolan KJ, Abrams GM, Annaswamy TM, Brandstater M, Browne B, Burnfield JM, Feng W, Freed MJ, Geis C, Greenberg J, Gudesblatt M, Ikramuddin F, Jayaraman A, Kautz SA, Lutsep HL, Madhavan S, Meilahn J, Pease WS, Rao N, Seetharama S, Sethi P, Turk MA, Wallis RA, Kufta C. The effects of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation versus ankle-foot orthosis in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Sep;28(7):688-97. doi: 10.1177/1545968314521007. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
PubMed 24526708Everaert DG, Stein RB, Abrams GM, Dromerick AW, Francisco GE, Hafner BJ, Huskey TN, Munin MC, Nolan KJ, Kufta CV. Effect of a foot-drop stimulator and ankle-foot orthosis on walking performance after stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Sep;27(7):579-91. doi: 10.1177/1545968313481278. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
PubMed 23558080Bethoux F, Rogers HL, Nolan KJ, Abrams GM, Annaswamy T, Brandstater M, Browne B, Burnfield JM, Feng W, Freed MJ, Geis C, Greenberg J, Gudesblatt M, Ikramuddin F, Jayaraman A, Kautz SA, Lutsep HL, Madhavan S, Meilahn J, Pease WS, Rao N, Seetharama S, Sethi P, Turk MA, Wallis RA, Kufta C. Long-Term Follow-up to a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation to an Ankle Foot Orthosis for Patients With Chronic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):911-22. doi: 10.1177/1545968315570325. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
PubMed 25653225Ferreira LA, Neto HP, Grecco LA, Christovao TC, Duarte NA, Lazzari RD, Galli M, Oliveira CS. Effect of Ankle-foot Orthosis on Gait Velocity and Cadence of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Nov;25(11):1503-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.1503. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
PubMed 24396220Hesse S, Uhlenbrock D, Sarkodie-Gyan T. Gait pattern of severely disabled hemiparetic subjects on a new controlled gait trainer as compared to assisted treadmill walking with partial body weight support. Clin Rehabil. 1999 Oct;13(5):401-10. doi: 10.1191/026921599673896297.
PubMed 10498347
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Characterization and Clinical Trial of a Variable Friction Shoe, a New Paradigm of Reduced-constraint Locomotor Therapy for People Exhibiting Foot Drop Due to Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06234124
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STU00219400
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLabUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study start
- 3 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 31 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
More than one million Americans present with foot drop after stroke. As the aging population grows in the United States and across the world, incidence of stroke will grow as age is a key risk factor, thus there will be a need for low-cost, easy-to-use, and scalable solutions to administer proper therapy to promote recovery. This study will evaluate a Variable Friction shoe (VF shoe), a new low-cost medical device, for foot drop in an at-home setting.
Detailed description
The investigators propose an alternative strategy that addresses the hazard of tripping even while allowing full volitional control of the ankle: an inexpensive Variable Friction (VF) shoe. Its outsole is high-friction during the stance phase of gait and low friction during swing; further, it produces a "click" when a scuff occurs.
The investigator's central hypothesis is that allowing volitional motion of the ankle while mitigating the hazard of tripping coupled with gait-phased auditory biofeedback will result in improved gait for subjects with drop foot. Specifically, the investigators hypothesize that the VF shoe will show significantly greater therapeutic effects than an AFO, yet maintain the desirable orthotic effect of the AFO. The study is arranged in two Aims.
Exploratory Aim: Identify a systematic, methodical approach to device fitting, in-clinic and at-home training with the VF shoe and optimization of collecting outcome measures as assessments. For example, up to 10 participants will be enrolled for up to 8 visits over 12 weeks to determine the optimal data collection methods, fitting and training of use of VF shoes, and order of assessments, etc.
Specific Aim 1: Characterize the scuff-force reduction of the VF shoe over the lifetime of use. Critical to understanding the effects of the VF shoe is a characterization of the level of scuff-force reduction.
Specific Aim 2: Evaluate the effects of the VF shoe on gait in individuals with chronic stroke and drop foot. During each 12-week phase of an AB-BA clinical trial, participants will walk for at least 30-45 minutes per day for at least 5 days per week at home.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized controlled clinical trial with a crossover design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm AB: Variable Friction Shoe Training, AFO Training | Experimental | Device: Variable Friction Shoe Training, Device: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) TrainingBaseline (T0), 12 weeks Variable Friction Shoe Training, Follow-up (T1), 2-week washout, Follow-up (T2), 12 weeks AFO Training, Follow-up (T3) |
| Arm BA: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training, Variable Friction Shoe Training | Experimental | Device: Variable Friction Shoe Training, Device: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) TrainingBaseline (T0), 12 weeks AFO Training, Follow-up (T1), 2-week washout, Follow-up (T2), 12 weeks Variable Friction Shoe Training, Follow-up (T3) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (14 listed)
- At least 3 months poststroke
- Age 18 or older
- Possess a prescribed AFO or be a potential candidate for use of an AFO
- Can ambulate at least 10m with or without an assistive device such as a cane or walker
- Medically stable as determined by physician medical clearance
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- History of falling more than once a week prior to the stroke
- Gait speed: self-selected velocity (SSV) greater than 1.2 m/s
- Inability to operate in the devices safely and no caregiver assistance available
- Morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2)
- Preexisting conditions such as serious cardiac conditions, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, demand pacemaker, seizures, excessive dysesthetic pain, and severe lower extremity pathology that would interfere with fit or use of the shoe.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Variable Friction Shoe TrainingThe experimental group (A) will be given a pair of VF shoes and instructed to use shoes on both feet. This group will be instructed to walk on hard surfaces to engage auditory feedback of the VF shoes. This group group will be monitored daily using actigraphy and will receive weekly check-up telephone calls by a member of the research team to record number of steps, walking time, a scale for self-identified effort and perceived safety levels. | Device | Arm AB: Variable Friction Shoe Training, AFO Training, Arm BA: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training, Variable Friction Shoe Training |
| Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) TrainingThe control group (B) will be provided an AFO to use on the paretic limb. This group will be instructed to walk on hard surfaces. This group group will be monitored daily using actigraphy and will receive weekly check-up telephone calls by a member of the research team to record number of steps, walking time, a scale for self-identified effort and perceived safety levels. | Device | Arm AB: Variable Friction Shoe Training, AFO Training, Arm BA: Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training, Variable Friction Shoe Training |
Primary outcome
Walking Speed (Device Off)
Time frame: 26 weeks
10 meter walk test (meters/second)
3 secondary outcomes
Berg Balance Scale
Time frame: 26 weeks
6 Minute Walk Test
Time frame: 26 weeks
Stroke Impact Scale
Time frame: 26 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 9360032Burridge JH, Taylor PN, Hagan SA, Wood DE, Swain ID. The effects of common peroneal stimulation on the effort and speed of walking: a randomized controlled trial with chronic hemiplegic patients. Clin Rehabil. 1997 Aug;11(3):201-10. doi: 10.1177/026921559701100303.
- Background: PubMed 24796365Bulley C, Mercer TH, Hooper JE, Cowan P, Scott S, van der Linden ML. Experiences of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for foot-drop in people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2015 Nov;10(6):458-467. doi: 10.3109/17483107.2014.913713. Epub 2014 May 6.
- Background: PubMed 19673367Lee YS, Wang PY. Foot drop caused by a brain tumor: a case report. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2009 Jun;18(2):130-1.
- Background: PubMed 18502948Stewart JD. Foot drop: where, why and what to do? Pract Neurol. 2008 Jun;8(3):158-69. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.149393.
- Background: PubMed 29386200Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 11387487Lawrence ES, Coshall C, Dundas R, Stewart J, Rudd AG, Howard R, Wolfe CD. Estimates of the prevalence of acute stroke impairments and disability in a multiethnic population. Stroke. 2001 Jun;32(6):1279-84. doi: 10.1161/01.str.32.6.1279.
- Background: PubMed 9040676Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Stroke in a defined elderly population, 1967-1985. A less lethal and disabling but no less common disease. Stroke. 1997 Feb;28(2):284-90. doi: 10.1161/01.str.28.2.284.
- Background: PubMed 12194622Watkins CL, Leathley MJ, Gregson JM, Moore AP, Smith TL, Sharma AK. Prevalence of spasticity post stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2002 Aug;16(5):515-22. doi: 10.1191/0269215502cr512oa.
- BackgroundS. J. Olney and C. Richards, "Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part I: Characteristics," Gait Posture, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 136-148, 1996.
- Background: PubMed 11833018Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Stack E. Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Feb;83(2):165-70. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.28030.
- Background: PubMed 24526708Bethoux F, Rogers HL, Nolan KJ, Abrams GM, Annaswamy TM, Brandstater M, Browne B, Burnfield JM, Feng W, Freed MJ, Geis C, Greenberg J, Gudesblatt M, Ikramuddin F, Jayaraman A, Kautz SA, Lutsep HL, Madhavan S, Meilahn J, Pease WS, Rao N, Seetharama S, Sethi P, Turk MA, Wallis RA, Kufta C. The effects of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation versus ankle-foot orthosis in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Sep;28(7):688-97. doi: 10.1177/1545968314521007. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
- Background: PubMed 23558080Everaert DG, Stein RB, Abrams GM, Dromerick AW, Francisco GE, Hafner BJ, Huskey TN, Munin MC, Nolan KJ, Kufta CV. Effect of a foot-drop stimulator and ankle-foot orthosis on walking performance after stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Sep;27(7):579-91. doi: 10.1177/1545968313481278. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Arun H Jayaraman, DPT, PhD principal investigator
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Variable Friction Shoe Training and Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Training in people with Stroke, run by Shirley Ryan AbilityLab at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Joe Harris, DPT (312-238-8425, jharris2@sralab.org), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Walking Speed (Device Off) (time frame: 26 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06234124, which also lists 77 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 May 2026.