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Cutaneous Squamous Cell CarcinomaPhase 2NCT06288191

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A Phase 2 study testing Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combination in people with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, run by Melanoma Institute Australia at 1 site in Australia.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The goal of this study is to test neoadjuvant therapy with the dual inhibition of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) immune checkpoint pathways in a cohort of treatment-naïve, resectable stage II to IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma on the pathological response rate… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is being tested?
Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combination
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
20 participants
Where
1 siteAustralia
Study dates
21 Jun 2024to Jul 2036
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • ≥ 18 years of age
  • Written informed consent
  • Histologically confirmed, resectable stage II to IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma defined as:
  • Non-head and neck cuSCC:
  • stage II (T2, N0, M0)
  • stage III (T3, N0, M0; or T1-3, N1, M0)
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  • stage IV (T1-3, N2 or N3, M0; or T4a or T4b, any N, M0)
  • Cutaneous head and neck CC:
  • stage II (T2, N0, M0)
  • stage III (T3, N0, M0)
  • stage IV (T4a or T4b, any N, M0)
  • In-transit metastases (ITM) are permitted if they are completely resectable. ITM defined as skin or subcutaneous metastases that are > 20 mm from the primary lesion but not beyond the regional nodal basin.
  • Measurable disease according to RECIST version 1.1 criteria (≥10 mm longest diameter for primary lesions and / or ≥10 mm in shortest diameter for lymph nodes as determined by CT imaging) within 2 weeks of the start of study treatment.
  • Tumour amenable to a newly obtained core biopsy of a lesion which has not been previously irradiated. Archival tissue from a past primary or nodal cuSCC lesion (if applicable) or tissue taken for current diagnosis will also be collected.
  • Previous radiotherapy permitted if performed at a prior site of disease not seen at baseline.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1
  • Documented adequate haematological, hepatic, renal, and thyroid function determined by blood pathology
  • Anticipated life expectancy of > 12 months
  • Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 24 hours of the first dose of study treatment or within 72 hours if this is not feasible. Effective contraception should be used for the duration of study treatment and for 5 half-lives (or 5 months) after the last dose. Egg donation (ova, oocytes) should be avoided for the same period. There are no partner-pregnancy or sperm donation avoidance requirements for male patients.

Who cannot join

  • Clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis
  • SCC of the eyelid, vulva, penis and perianus
  • Any contraindication to the administration of nivolumab and / or relatlimab
  • Prior anti-PD-1, CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4), PDL-1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) or LAG 3 (Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3) antibody exposure, or an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor for any disease or any chemotherapy or experimental local or systemic drug treatment
  • Active autoimmune disease or a requirement for chronic steroid therapy other than hormone replacement therapy
  • The following are permitted:
Show all 43Show fewer
  • Vitiligo
  • Type I diabetes mellitus on stable insulin therapy
  • Residual autoimmune hypothyroidism on stable hormone replacement
  • Resolved childhood asthma or atopy
  • Psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment
  • Autoimmune conditions which are not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger.
  • Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in doses exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone or equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 14 days prior to the first dose of study treatment.
  • The following are permitted:
  • Replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.)
  • Inhaled or intranasal corticosteroids (with minimal systemic absorption) may be continued if patient is on a stable dose
  • Non-absorbed intra-articular steroid injections.
  • Known additional malignancies (unless adequately treated) active within the previous 3 years, except for locally curable cancers that have been apparently cured.
  • The following malignancies, if undergone successful definitive resection or curative treatment, are permitted:
  • Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
  • Carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ, but excluding carcinoma in situ of the bladder) that have undergone potentially curative therapy
  • Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
  • In situ melanoma
  • Atypical melanocytic hyperplasia
  • Multiple primary melanomas
  • Other malignancies for which the patient has been disease free for 3 years, not requiring active anti-cancer therapy.
  • Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including, but not limited to any of the following:
  • Myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke/transient ischemic attack within the 6 months prior to consent
  • Uncontrolled angina within the 3 months prior to consent
  • Any history of clinically significant arrhythmias (such as poorly controlled atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or torsades de pointes)
  • QTc (corrected QT interval) prolongation > 480 ms
  • History of other clinically significant cardiovascular disease (i.e. cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure with New York Heart Association functional classification III-IV, pericarditis, significant pericardial effusion, significant coronary stent occlusion, poorly controlled venous thrombosis, etc)
  • Cardiovascular disease-related requirement for daily supplemental oxygen
  • History of 2 or more M.I.s OR 2 or more coronary revascularisation procedures (regardless of the number of stent placements during each procedure)
  • Patients with history of myocarditis, regardless of aetiology.
  • Troponin T (TnT) or I (TnI) >2 × institutional ULN (upper limit of normal). Participants with TnT or TnI levels between >1 to 2 × ULN will be permitted if repeat levels within 24 hours are ≤1 ULN. If TnT or TnI levels are between >1 to 2 × ULN within 24 hours, the participant may undergo a cardiac consultation and be considered for treatment, following cardiologist recommendation. When repeat levels within 24 hours are not available, a repeat test should be conducted as soon as possible. If TnT or TnI repeat levels beyond 24 hours are <2 × ULN, the participant may undergo a cardiac consultation and be considered for treatment, following cardiologist recommendation. Notification of the decision to enrol the participant following cardiologist recommendation must be made to the Lead Investigator.
  • Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis or current interstitial lung disease.
  • Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
  • Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Note: no testing for HIV is required unless mandated by local health authority.
  • Has a known history of Hepatitis B (defined as Hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or known active Hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected) infection. Note: no testing for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C is required unless mandated by local health authority.
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding females
  • Concurrent medical or social conditions that may prevent the patient from attending assessments per schedule.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Australia1 site, 1 recruiting
  • Melanoma Institute Australia

    Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, 2065

    Monica Osorio Clinical Trials Operations Manager, +612 2 9911 7296, Monica.Osorio@melanoma.org.au

    Recruiting

Other trials in Australia

About this study

Official title: A Phase 2, Open Label, Single Arm, Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Stage II To IV (M0) Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The goal of this study is to test neoadjuvant therapy with the dual inhibition of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) immune checkpoint pathways in a cohort of treatment-naïve, resectable stage II to IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma on the pathological response rate (pCR) and recurrence-free survival.

Read the detailed description

This is a phase 2, open label, single cohort, single centre, clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with dual inhibition of PD-1 and LAG-3 immune checkpoint pathways. The hypothesis is that neoadjuvant therapy produces a higher pathological response rate (pCR) and a longer recurrence-free survival in a cohort of treatment-naïve patients with resectable stage II to IV (M0) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma compared to neoadjuvant cemiplimab monotherapy in Checkmate 358 (n=123, NCT04154943 , historical control).

Being tested
Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combination
Keywords
neoadjuvant, immunotherapy, pathological response

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combinationDrug

    Also called Opdualag

    Dual inhibition of the distinct LAG3 and PD-1 checkpoint pathways

Study groups in NCT06288191
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Neoadjuvant TreatmentExperimentalNivolumab and relatlimab will be administered in a fixed dose combination (FDC). The dose and dosing regimen for this study is nivolumab 480 mg and relatlimab 160 mg - 2 vials per infusion. All patients are scheduled to receive two doses of nivolumab and relatlimab FDC prior to surgery on days 1 and 29. Patients without a complete pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy may receive standard of care radiotherapy per multidisciplinary team meeting discussion.
Receives: Drug: Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combination

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Pathological complete response rate

    Proportion of patients with a pathological complete response, as determined on the week 6 surgical specimen using the guidelines published by the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium: Complete pathological response (pCR) = 0% viable tumour cells in the surgical specimen

    Measured: Week 6

Secondary outcomes (12)
  1. Pathological near pathological response (near pCR), partial response (pPR) and pathological non-response (pNR) rate

    Proportion of patients with each non-pCR response category, as determined on the week 6 surgical specimen using the guidelines published by the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium (INMC):

    • Major pathological response (pCR + near-pCR),
    • Near complete pathological response - (near pCR) - >0% - ≤10% viable tumour
    • Partial pathological response (pPR) - >10 - ≤50% viable tumour
    • Non pathological response (pNR) - >50% viable tumour

    Measured: Week 6

  2. Toxicity and tolerability of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery

    The proportion of patients with adverse events (AE) per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), from initiation of study treatment until at least 135 days after the end of treatment. Outcome measures include the proportion of patients with each of the following measures:

    1. An AE by CTCAE term / grade
    2. AEs attributable to neoadjuvant treatment
    3. Grade 3/4/5 AEs by AE term
    4. The duration of events reported in (a)
    5. Delayed study treatment and/or delay surgery due to an AE
    6. A requirement to discontinue study treatment early due to an AE
    7. Oral or parenteral steroid treatment for immune-related adverse events.
    8. Post-operative complications (e.g. seroma formation, wound infection or lymphoedema) and duration of events.
    9. Post-operative complications at 3, 12 and 48 weeks using the Clavien-Dindo Classification.
    10. Surgeon's assessment of 'operability' and morbidity from baseline and at surgery per INMC questionnaires.

    Measured: Week 48

  3. Objective response rate to neoadjuvant therapy

    The proportion of patients within each response category, as assessed using RECIST version 1.1, comparing week 6 to baseline CT and MRI.

    Objective response rate= CR and PR

    Measured: Week 6

  4. Metabolic response rate to neoadjuvant immunotherapy

    The proportion of patients within each response category, as assessed using the Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) and the standardised uptake value (SUV) comparing week 6 to baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

    Metabolic response rate = Complete metabolic response (CMR) and partial metabolic response (PMR).

    Measured: Week 6

  5. Recurrence-free survival

    The proportion of patients alive and disease free from the time of surgery

    Measured: 10 years

  6. Disease progression rate

    The proportion of patients alive and with RECIST-defined progression of disease from the date of consent to the first radiographical evidence of local, regional or distant progression.

    Disease progression which leads to unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC)

    Measured: Week 6

  7. Event-free survival rate

    Proportion of patients with EFS defined as the earliest of any of the following events:

    1. Time from 1st dose study treatment to disease progression (unresectable stage III or stage IV disease),
    2. Time of surgery to recurrence of cuSCC (local, regional or distant)
    3. Treatment related death
    4. Disease related death

    Measured: 10 years

  8. Overall survival

    The proportion of patients alive at years 1, 2, 5 and 10, and to actual date of death (in months), from the first dose of study treatment.

    Measured: 10 years

  9. Patient reported quality of life (QLQ-C30)

    The published scoring for: The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). A 30 item instrument where a higher score represents a higher ("better") level of functioning, or a higher ("worse") level of symptoms.

    Changes in patient rated quality of life (QOL) scores using QLQ-C30 are recorded at baseline (within 7 days of first dose of study treatment) and at 6 -12 weekly intervals until the end of year 1 will be measured.

    The correlation of the QLQ-C30 scores with adverse events will be measured.

    Measured: 1 year

  10. Patient reported quality of life (EQ-5L-5D)

    The published scoring for: The European Quality of Life (EQ-5L-5D).

    Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, some problems, extreme problems.

    The EQ visual analogue scale (VAS records) the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable, health state' and 'Worst imaginable health state'.

    Changes in patient rated quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) scores recorded at baseline (within 7 days of first dose of study treatment) and at 6 -12 weekly intervals until the end of year 1 will be measured.

    The correlation of the EQ-5L-5D scores with adverse events will be measured.

    Measured: 1 year

  11. Study treatment completion rate and the causes of any missed treatments

    Proportion of patients receiving full neoadjuvant drug treatment per schedule and number of treatments missed.

    Proportion of patients undergoing planned surgery at week 6. Reasons for incomplete study treatment e.g. adverse event, withdrawn consent, disease progression, patient lost to follow-up.

    Measured: Week 8

  12. De-escalation of adjuvant radiotherapy.

    Proportion of patients where adjuvant radiotherapy was planned at baseline but who did not need radiotherapy as a result of pathological response and pathologically clear surgical margins.

    Measured: Week 8

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted1 Mar 2024
  2. Study start21 Jun 2024
  3. Primary completionSep 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completionJul 2036 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Model description
Open label, single arm, single centre, clinical trial
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
20 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06288191
Sponsor's protocol ID
MIA2023/490
Other IDs
CA224-1065
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
4 Feb 2024
Last updated
8 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Nivolumab 240 mg / Relatlimab 80 mg in a fixed dose combination in people with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, run by Melanoma Institute Australia at 1 site in Australia.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 19 inclusion and 43 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Australia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Monica Osorio (+61 2 9911 7296, monica.osorio@melanoma.org.au), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Pathological complete response rate (time frame: Week 6). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jul 2026.

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