Stroke, CardiovascularNCT06303050
Additional Effects of Mental Imagery Along With Task Oriented Training on Kinesiophobia in Patients With Stroke
A study testing Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group and Task Oriented training group in people with Stroke, Cardiovascular, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The objective of this study to determine the effect of mental imagery and task oriented training on Kinesiophobia in stroke patients. And to determine the association of Kinesiophobia with gait and balance in stroke patients. Patients will be divided into experimental and control group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 45 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke, Cardiovascular
- What is being tested?
- Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group and Task Oriented training group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 7 Dec 2023to 7 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 45 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Hemiplegic stroke patients
- Age above 45
- Both genders
- Patients having score >17 on Tempa Scale of Kinesiophobia
- Patients of score >21 on Berg Balance Scale
Who cannot join
- • Communication deficits and unable to follow instructions
- A history of serious or unstable cardiac condition
- Severe musculoskeletal problem and unable to stand or walk
- History of other neurological diseases or unilateral neglect
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The objective of this study to determine the effect of mental imagery and task oriented training on Kinesiophobia in stroke patients. And to determine the association of Kinesiophobia with gait and balance in stroke patients. Patients will be divided into experimental and control group. Randomized participants will be allocated into control and experimental group. The experimental group will receive 20 minutes of MI training followed by 25 minutes of TOT for a total of 45 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks.
Read the detailed description
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA),commonly known as stroke , occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted , either by a clot or by rupture in a blood vessel .It can lead to severe neurological damaged or even death. A stroke can cause neurological deficits in various domains of brain areas, include motor, sensory/perceptive, visual, language, intelligence and emotion. Motor deficits are one of the most common and disabling consequences of stroke.
Kinesiophobia is a psychological condition characterized by an excessive, irrational fear of movement and physical activity due to the belief that it will increase pain or worsen a pre medical condition. It can be a common obstacle to rehabilitation and recovery for individuals with various musculoskeletal or neurological conditions, including stroke.
MI has been recognized as an effective adjunct therapy to physical rehabilitation for various neurological conditions, including stroke. Task-oriented training is a widely adopted approach in stroke rehabilitation, which emphasizes the practice of functional tasks to promote motor skill learning and improve motor function.
However the potential benefits of combining mental imagery with task-oriented train-ing have not been fully explored. Therefore studying the additional effects of mental imagery along with task-oriented training on Kinesiophobia in patients with stroke is important for developing more effective and comprehensive rehabilitation interven-tions for stroke populations.
- Conditions
- Stroke, Cardiovascular
- Being tested
- Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group, Task Oriented training group
- Keywords
- Mental Imagery, Kinesiophobia, Task oriented training
- Medical subject headings
- Myocardial Infarction, Kinesiophobia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mental Imagery with task Oriented training groupOther
Study will be conducted after the approval of Ethical review board. After the initial evaluation will be done on participants underlying eligibility criteria. The experimental group will receive 20 minutes of MI training followed by 25 minutes of TOT for a total of 45 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. During each 45 minutes of session, the participants will perform warm-up exercise for 5 minutes to prepare the body for functional task and to improve overall performance. Regular breaks will give to the participants to avoid overexertion and fatigue during 45 minutes of continues practice. The 2 minutes rest period will provide to the partici-pants during each practice session
Task Oriented training groupOther
Study will be conducted after the approval of Ethical review board. After the initial evaluation will be done on participants underlying eligibility criteria. The control group will receive the Task oriented training for 25-30 minutes, 05 days a week for 06 weeks consisting of Warm up Period, Task oriented training In standing, forward stepping and sideward stepping, reaching in standing, Transition from sit to stand, Walk then back to sit, Walk with even steps, Walk with carrying objects.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group | Experimental | Participants will perform warm-up exercise for 5 minutes to prepare the body for functional task and to improve overall performance. Receives: Other: Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group |
| Task Oriented training group | Active comparator | Task oriented training In standing, forward stepping and sideward stepping, reaching in standing, Transition from sit to stand, Walk then back to sit, Walk with even steps, Walk with carrying objects. Receives: Other: Task Oriented training group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Berg And Balance scale
changes from the baseline, Berg balance scale (BBS) is used for assessment of balance and fall risk, Higher scores on the BBS indicate greater independence and better ability to balance. In contrast, lower scores indicate a greater fall risk Items DESCRIPTION SCORE (0-4) Sitting to standing, Standing unsupported, Sitting unsupported, Standing to sitting, Transfers , Standing with eyes closed , Standing with feet together, Reaching forward with outstretched arm, Retrieving object from floor, Turning to look behind, Turning 360 degrees, Placing alternate foot on stool, Standing with one foot in front, Standing on one foot, TOTAL __/56
Measured: 6 weeks
Tempa scale for kinesiophobia
It consists of 17 items asking patients to rate their responses to statements related to fear of movement and re injury. It has been widely used among patients with various types of pain and has been translated into several languages. The TSK-17 is a useful tool for assessing kinesiophobia and can aid clinicians in developing appropriate treatment plans for patients who may have fear of movement due to pain or injury (20). The TSK exhibit high level of in- ternal consistency across all items and is positively associated with related measures of fear avoidance, pain catastrophizing, pain related disability. In the Finnish version of TSK the test-retest reliability
Measured: 6 weeks
Ten-meter walk test
The 10- meter walk test is a commonly used tool to measure gait and walking speed in individuals with mobility impairments, including post-stroke individuals. During the test subjects are instructed to walk along a 10-meter walkway at their preferred walking speed, with or without a customary walking device, without any break to the end point. The time taken to recover the middle 4 meters of the walkway is recorded to obtain a rhythmic phase of walking speed. This ensures that the acceleration and deceleration phases of walking are excluded from the measurement of walking speed. Then the time required over three trials is converted to walking speed by dividing the distance (6 meters) by the time taken in seconds to complete the walk.
Measured: 6 weeks
Dynamic gate index
The DGI tests the ability of the participant to maintain walking balance while responding to different task demands, through various dynamic conditions.
It includes eight items, walking on level surfaces, changing speeds, head turns in horizontal and vertical directions, walking and turning 180 degrees to stop, stepping over and around obstacles, and stair ascent and descent.
Each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, with 3 indicating normal performance and 0 representing severe impairment. The best possible score on the DGI is a 24.
Measured: 6 weeks
Time Up and Go Test
Timed up and go test is used for the assessment of falls risk among the elderly population. The Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) Test measures, in seconds, the time is taken by an individual to stand up from a standard armchair (approximate seat height of 46 cm, arm height 65 cm), walk a distance of 3 meters (approximately 10 feet), turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. Normal healthy elderly usually complete the task in 10 seconds or less. Very frail or weak elderly with poor mobility may take 2 minutes or more. Clinical guide: <10 seconds = normal <20 seconds = good mobility, can go out alone, mobile without a gait aid <30 seconds = problems, cannot go outside alone, requires a gait aid A score of more than or equal to 14 seconds has been shown to indicate a high risk of falls.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Mar 2024
- Study start7 Dec 2023
- Primary completion7 Jun 2024
- Study completion7 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Stroke, CardiovascularStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Nadia Azhar, MS-NMPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06303050
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Urooj Amir
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2024
- Last updated
- 2 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Additional Effects of Mental Imagery Along With Task Oriented Training on Kinesiophobia in Patients With Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06303050
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Urooj Amir
- Conditions
- Stroke, Cardiovascular
- Keywords
- Mental Imagery, Kinesiophobia, Task oriented training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of this study to determine the effect of mental imagery and task oriented training on Kinesiophobia in stroke patients. And to determine the association of Kinesiophobia with gait and balance in stroke patients. Patients will be divided into experimental and control group. Randomized participants will be allocated into control and experimental group. The experimental group will receive 20 minutes of MI training followed by 25 minutes of TOT for a total of 45 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks.
Detailed description
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA),commonly known as stroke , occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted , either by a clot or by rupture in a blood vessel .It can lead to severe neurological damaged or even death. A stroke can cause neurological deficits in various domains of brain areas, include motor, sensory/perceptive, visual, language, intelligence and emotion. Motor deficits are one of the most common and disabling consequences of stroke.
Kinesiophobia is a psychological condition characterized by an excessive, irrational fear of movement and physical activity due to the belief that it will increase pain or worsen a pre medical condition. It can be a common obstacle to rehabilitation and recovery for individuals with various musculoskeletal or neurological conditions, including stroke.
MI has been recognized as an effective adjunct therapy to physical rehabilitation for various neurological conditions, including stroke. Task-oriented training is a widely adopted approach in stroke rehabilitation, which emphasizes the practice of functional tasks to promote motor skill learning and improve motor function.
However the potential benefits of combining mental imagery with task-oriented train-ing have not been fully explored. Therefore studying the additional effects of mental imagery along with task-oriented training on Kinesiophobia in patients with stroke is important for developing more effective and comprehensive rehabilitation interven-tions for stroke populations.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group | Experimental | Other: Mental Imagery with task Oriented training groupParticipants will perform warm-up exercise for 5 minutes to prepare the body for functional task and to improve overall performance. |
| Task Oriented training group | Active comparator | Other: Task Oriented training groupTask oriented training In standing, forward stepping and sideward stepping, reaching in standing, Transition from sit to stand, Walk then back to sit, Walk with even steps, Walk with carrying objects. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 45 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Hemiplegic stroke patients
- Age above 45
- Both genders
- Patients having score >17 on Tempa Scale of Kinesiophobia
- Patients of score >21 on Berg Balance Scale
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- • Communication deficits and unable to follow instructions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mental Imagery with task Oriented training groupStudy will be conducted after the approval of Ethical review board. After the initial evaluation will be done on participants underlying eligibility criteria. The experimental group will receive 20 minutes of MI training followed by 25 minutes of TOT for a total of 45 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. During each 45 minutes of session, the participants will perform warm-up exercise for 5 minutes to prepare the body for functional task and to improve overall performance. Regular breaks will give to the participants to avoid overexertion and fatigue during 45 minutes of continues practice. The 2 minutes rest period will provide to the partici-pants during each practice session | Other | Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group |
| Task Oriented training groupStudy will be conducted after the approval of Ethical review board. After the initial evaluation will be done on participants underlying eligibility criteria. The control group will receive the Task oriented training for 25-30 minutes, 05 days a week for 06 weeks consisting of Warm up Period, Task oriented training In standing, forward stepping and sideward stepping, reaching in standing, Transition from sit to stand, Walk then back to sit, Walk with even steps, Walk with carrying objects. | Other | Task Oriented training group |
Primary outcome
Berg And Balance scale
Time frame: 6 weeks
changes from the baseline, Berg balance scale (BBS) is used for assessment of balance and fall risk, Higher scores on the BBS indicate greater independence and better ability to balance. In contrast, lower scores indicate a greater fall risk Items DESCRIPTION SCORE (0-4) Sitting to standing, Standing unsupported, Sitting unsupported, Standing to sitting, Transfers , Standing with eyes closed , Standing with feet together, Reaching forward with outstretched arm, Retrieving object from floor, Turning to look behind, Turning 360 degrees, Placing alternate foot on stool, Standing with one foot in front, Standing on one foot, TOTAL __/56
Tempa scale for kinesiophobia
Time frame: 6 weeks
It consists of 17 items asking patients to rate their responses to statements related to fear of movement and re injury. It has been widely used among patients with various types of pain and has been translated into several languages. The TSK-17 is a useful tool for assessing kinesiophobia and can aid clinicians in developing appropriate treatment plans for patients who may have fear of movement due to pain or injury (20). The TSK exhibit high level of in- ternal consistency across all items and is positively associated with related measures of fear avoidance, pain catastrophizing, pain related disability. In the Finnish version of TSK the test-retest reliability
Ten-meter walk test
Time frame: 6 weeks
The 10- meter walk test is a commonly used tool to measure gait and walking speed in individuals with mobility impairments, including post-stroke individuals. During the test subjects are instructed to walk along a 10-meter walkway at their preferred walking speed, with or without a customary walking device, without any break to the end point. The time taken to recover the middle 4 meters of the walkway is recorded to obtain a rhythmic phase of walking speed. This ensures that the acceleration and deceleration phases of walking are excluded from the measurement of walking speed. Then the time required over three trials is converted to walking speed by dividing the distance (6 meters) by the time taken in seconds to complete the walk.
Dynamic gate index
Time frame: 6 weeks
The DGI tests the ability of the participant to maintain walking balance while responding to different task demands, through various dynamic conditions. It includes eight items, walking on level surfaces, changing speeds, head turns in horizontal and vertical directions, walking and turning 180 degrees to stop, stepping over and around obstacles, and stair ascent and descent. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, with 3 indicating normal performance and 0 representing severe impairment. The best possible score on the DGI is a 24.
Time Up and Go Test
Time frame: 6 weeks
Timed up and go test is used for the assessment of falls risk among the elderly population. The Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) Test measures, in seconds, the time is taken by an individual to stand up from a standard armchair (approximate seat height of 46 cm, arm height 65 cm), walk a distance of 3 meters (approximately 10 feet), turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. Normal healthy elderly usually complete the task in 10 seconds or less. Very frail or weak elderly with poor mobility may take 2 minutes or more. Clinical guide: <10 seconds = normal <20 seconds = good mobility, can go out alone, mobile without a gait aid <30 seconds = problems, cannot go outside alone, requires a gait aid A score of more than or equal to 14 seconds has been shown to indicate a high risk of falls.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nadia Azhar, MS-NMPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mental Imagery with task Oriented training group and Task Oriented training group in people with Stroke, Cardiovascular, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Berg And Balance scale (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jan 2026.