Lower Cross SyndromeNCT06303388
Effects of Bruegger's Exercises Versus Egoscue Exercise on Lower Cross Syndrome
A study testing Bruegger,s Exercise and Egoscue Exercise in people with Lower Cross Syndrome, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study aims to find effects of Bruegger's Exercise versus Egoscue exercise on pain and hyperlordosis on patient with lower cross syndrome. This is interventional study which recruits 34 participants ,14 in each group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Lower Cross Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Bruegger,s Exercise and Egoscue Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 26 Feb 2024to 15 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Inclusion Criteria: • Females and males aged between 16 to 65 years
- Participants had to present with low back pain
- Participants had to meet the criteria for lower crossed syndrome indicating tight hip flexors (Modified Thomas test) and erector spinae (visual assessment through toe touching) together with weak glutei (Prone Hip Extension Co-ordination/Strength Test) and abdominals (Trunk Flexion Co-ordination and Strength Test)and thoracic kyphosis.
- Angle of anterior pelvic tilt > 10 degrees
Exclusion Criteria: • Participants who would be undergoing other forms of treatment that may interfere with the study, for the duration of the study, including other manipulative and physical therapies specific to back pain.
- Presence of other conditions that may mimic low back pain, e.g. nerve entrapment.
- Participants taking any medication that may interfere with the results of this study including, pain medication, anti-inflammatory medication, and muscle relaxants.
- Surgery on the back, pelvis, or sacrum is indicated or has previously occurred
- LBP having localised or radiating pain.
- Practiced any kind of exercise or sports activity during the last 6 months.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study aims to find effects of Bruegger's Exercise versus Egoscue exercise on pain and hyperlordosis on patient with lower cross syndrome. This is interventional study which recruits 34 participants ,14 in each group.
Read the detailed description
A randomized control trial will be conducted on patients with lower cross syndrome. A total number of 34 participants will be randomised into two groups with 17 participants in each group. Both groups will receive Hot Packs on the lumbar area for 10 minutes. Group A will receive Conventional Therapy and will follow protocol of Bruegger's Exercise. Group B will follow protocol of the Egoscue exercise. This study aims to decrease pain and hyperlordosis.
Each group will be assessed at baseline which will include pain through NPRS, hyperlordosis through flexicurve ruler and anterior pelvic tilt through pelvic inclinometer. Data from both groups will again be assessed after 4 weeks of intervention.
Protocol of Bruegger's Exercise: Pt. position: Upright sitting on a chair.
- Sit with your buttocks at the edge of a chair.
- Spread your legs apart slightly.
- Turn your toes out slightly.
- Rest your weight on your legs/feet \& relax your abdominal muscles.
- Tilt your pelvis forward (i.e. arch your lower back) while lifting your chest up
- Rotate your arms outward while turning your palms up.
- Hold your head high in the air, with a slight arch in the neck.
The patient is to perform this exercise once or twice every 20-30 minutes of prolonged sitting and held in this position for 30-60 seconds. To avoid non-compliance patient will be asked to perform five repetitions of particular exercise with five second hold during their clinical session.
Protocol of Egoscue Exercise The Egoscue group received a total of 10 exercises which includes
- Static back alone and with breathing
- Abdominal contraction while in the static back position
- abductor press
- Overhead extension
- elbow curls on a wall
- Static wall
- Upper spinal twist
- pelvic tilts
- supine groin progressive
- Air bench exercises
Week 1: 3 times with 10 s hold time Week 2: 5 times with 10 s hold time Week 3: 15 times with 10 s hold time Week 4: 20 times with 10 s hold time
- Conditions
- Lower Cross Syndrome
- Being tested
- Bruegger,s Exercise, Egoscue Exercise
- Keywords
- Pain, Hyperlordosis, Anterior pelvic tilt
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Swayback
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bruegger,s ExerciseOther
Bruegger's Exercise protocol along with conventional Physiotherapy.
Egoscue ExerciseOther
Egoscue Exercise along with conventional Physiotherapy.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Egoscue Exercise | Experimental | • The Egoscue exercise comprise of 10 exercises which Included
1. Static back alone and with breathing.
2. Abdominal contraction while in the static back position.
3. abductor press
4. overhead extension
5. elbow curls on a wall
6. static wall
7. upper spinal twist 8 pelvic tilts
9.supine groin progressive 10.air bench exercises. Receives: Other: Egoscue Exercise |
| Bruegger's Exercise | Active comparator | steps include in Breugger's Exercise
1. Sit with your buttocks at the edge of a chair.
2. Spread your legs apart slightly.
3. Turn your toes out slightly.
4. Rest your weight on your legs/feet \& relax your abdominal muscles.
5. Tilt your pelvis forward (i.e. arch your lower back) while lifting your chest up
6. Rotate your arms outward while turning your palms up.
7. Hold your head high in the air, with a slight arch in the neck. The patient is to slowly exhale by breathing out through their lips while actively externally rotating their arms and spreading their fingers. The patient is to perform this exercise once or twice every 20-30 minutes of prolonged sitting and held in this position for 30-60 seconds Receives: Other: Bruegger,s Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Flexicurve Ruler
The flexicurve ruler (flexible) is commonly used to measure the degree of spinal curvature of the lumbar lordosis in the sagittal plane. The flexible ruler was placed according to the Youdas method, over spinous processes from T12 to S2 vertebrae. The ruler was then cautiously removed from the spine and traced onto a plain piece of white paper. A vertical line was drawn to connect the T12 and S2 landmarks (L line) and together with the maximum width of the lumbar curvature (H line
Measured: 12 day
Pelvic Inclinometer
A pelvic inclinometer was used to measure the anterior/posterior inclination of the pelvis of the subjects. An inclinometer has a 23 Cm length base and two 15 Cm arms in each side that freely move 360 degrees in horizontal plane. The ends of the arms are placed on the bony landmarks.The subject was asked to stand with the feet shoulder width apart. Even pressure was applied to both the arms of the inclinometer at anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine, with a bubble in the center the reading was then measured in degrees.
Measured: 12 day
NPRS
Several pain scales are used clinically to evaluate the severity of musculoskeletal pain, one of which is the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS-11), which is an eleven-point scale in which the endpoints are the extremes of no pain at all (score of 0) and the worst pain the patient has ever experienced (score of 10).
Measured: 12 Day
Secondary outcomes (4)
Modified Thomas Test
This test was performed with the patient supine and the thighs positioned over the edge of the examining table. The patient was told to grasp the thigh of the untested limb and pull it toward the chest to flatten the back and stabilise the pelvis, preventing an increase in lumbar lordosis. A standard stretch position for the iliopsoas muscle is demonstrated with the hip extended and the leg hanging freely with normal knee flexion. A positive test was indicated if the hip remained flexed against gravity on tested limb. Additionally, if there was also knee extension on the tested limb then further testing was needed to decide between a tight iliopsoas or rectus femoris muscle. This was done by passively extending the knee of the tested limb to neutralize the effect of the rectus femoris and find if there was still no change in hip flexion.
Measured: 12 day
Visual Assessment through toe touching
The patient was seated on the examining table with the pelvis in a vertical position and the legs extended. The patient was asked to actively flex foreword in order to bring the forehead to the knees. The normal functioning of the erector spinae should display an even 'C' shaped curve and a distance of 10cm from the knees to the forehead. There should be also no knee flexion and involve no pelvic tilting. Any deviation from these norms indicates shortness of the erector spinae muscles.
Measured: 12 day
Prone Hip Extension Co-ordination Test
The patient lay prone and raised the tested thigh into extension with the knee held in an extended position. The researcher then palpated the lumbar erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles. A normal activation sequence was then observed and palpated which involved first the hamstring and gluteus maximus muscles, then the contralateral lumbar erector spinae muscles and lastly the ipsilateral lumbar erector spinae muscles. A positive test result occurred if the lumbar erector spinae contracted before the gluteus maximus muscles did.
Measured: 12 day
Trunk Flexion Co-ordination and Strength Test
The patient lay supine with the arms either behind the neck or forward across the body and knees bent. The researcher then contacted the patient's heels or positioned a hand under the patient's lumbar spine. The patient was then asked to complete a posterior pelvic tilt and raise the trunk up until the scapulae cleared the table. This position was maintained for 2 seconds. The patient then held the pelvic tilt while lowering their back to the table. The patient was then instructed to perform 10 repetitions while holding the last repetition for 30 seconds. A positive test result occurred if the patient could not perform 10 repetitions without the lumbar spine or heels rising off the table.
Measured: 12 day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Mar 2024
- Study start26 Feb 2024
- Primary completion5 Jun 2024
- Study completion15 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Lower Cross SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Nadia Ishtiaq, MS, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06303388
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/MS-PT/01721
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2024
- Last updated
- 28 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Waters T. The effect of Bruegger's exercise on chronic low back pain in association with lower crossed syndrome: University of Johannesburg (South Africa); 2014.
Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Thomas S. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ. 2006 Jun 17;332(7555):1430-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1430. No abstract available.
PubMed 16777886May S, Johnson R. Stabilisation exercises for low back pain: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2008;94(3):179-89
Nourbakhsh MR, Arabloo AM, Salavati M. The relationship between pelvic cross syndrome and chronic low back pain. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2006;19(4):119-28.
Kudchadkar GS, Gurudut P, Welling A. Comparative effect of mat pilates and egoscue exercises in asymptomatic individuals with lumbar hyperlordosis: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research. 2019;1(2):79-88.
Sequeira S, Gurudut P, Kage V. Exploring effects of Egoscue versus lumbar stabilisation exercises for lower crossed syndrome on postural stability and hyperlordotic posture correction. Comparative Exercise Physiology. 2023:1-12.
Vehrs Z. The Effect of Egoscue Corrective Exercises on Chronic Knee and Hip Pain: Brigham Young University; 2014.
Laxmi V R, G N, V S, G M, Gopinath Y, G T. Efficacy of Janda's approach versus bruegger's exercise in pelvic cross syndrome and its impact on quality of life. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;11:1701-6.
Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Jun 1;30(11):1331-4. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000164099.92112.29.
PubMed 15928561Kahl C, Cleland JA. Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill pain Questionnaire: an overview of psychometric properties. Physical therapy reviews. 2005;10(2):123-8.
Macintyre NJ, Bennett L, Bonnyman AM, Stratford PW. Optimizing reliability of digital inclinometer and flexicurve ruler measures of spine curvatures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of the spine: an illustration of the use of generalizability theory. ISRN Rheumatol. 2011;2011:571698. doi: 10.5402/2011/571698. Epub 2011 Feb 7.
PubMed 22482067Khan N, Nouman M, Iqbal MA, Anwar K, Sajjad AG, Hussain SA. Comparing the Effect of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Lower Cross Syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(07):31-
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Bruegger's Exercises Versus Egoscue Exercise on Lower Cross Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06303388
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/MS-PT/01721
- Conditions
- Lower Cross Syndrome
- Keywords
- Pain, Hyperlordosis, Anterior pelvic tilt
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 26 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to find effects of Bruegger's Exercise versus Egoscue exercise on pain and hyperlordosis on patient with lower cross syndrome. This is interventional study which recruits 34 participants ,14 in each group.
Detailed description
A randomized control trial will be conducted on patients with lower cross syndrome. A total number of 34 participants will be randomised into two groups with 17 participants in each group. Both groups will receive Hot Packs on the lumbar area for 10 minutes. Group A will receive Conventional Therapy and will follow protocol of Bruegger's Exercise. Group B will follow protocol of the Egoscue exercise. This study aims to decrease pain and hyperlordosis.
Each group will be assessed at baseline which will include pain through NPRS, hyperlordosis through flexicurve ruler and anterior pelvic tilt through pelvic inclinometer. Data from both groups will again be assessed after 4 weeks of intervention.
Protocol of Bruegger's Exercise: Pt. position: Upright sitting on a chair.
- Sit with your buttocks at the edge of a chair.
- Spread your legs apart slightly.
- Turn your toes out slightly.
- Rest your weight on your legs/feet \& relax your abdominal muscles.
- Tilt your pelvis forward (i.e. arch your lower back) while lifting your chest up
- Rotate your arms outward while turning your palms up.
- Hold your head high in the air, with a slight arch in the neck.
The patient is to perform this exercise once or twice every 20-30 minutes of prolonged sitting and held in this position for 30-60 seconds. To avoid non-compliance patient will be asked to perform five repetitions of particular exercise with five second hold during their clinical session.
Protocol of Egoscue Exercise The Egoscue group received a total of 10 exercises which includes
- Static back alone and with breathing
- Abdominal contraction while in the static back position
- abductor press
- Overhead extension
- elbow curls on a wall
- Static wall
- Upper spinal twist
- pelvic tilts
- supine groin progressive
- Air bench exercises
Week 1: 3 times with 10 s hold time Week 2: 5 times with 10 s hold time Week 3: 15 times with 10 s hold time Week 4: 20 times with 10 s hold time
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Egoscue Exercise | Experimental | Other: Egoscue Exercise• The Egoscue exercise comprise of 10 exercises which Included 1. Static back alone and with breathing. 2. Abdominal contraction while in the static back position. 3. abductor press 4. overhead extension 5. elbow curls on a wall 6. static wall 7. upper spinal twist 8 pelvic tilts 9.supine groin progressive 10.air bench exercises. |
| Bruegger's Exercise | Active comparator | Other: Bruegger,s Exercisesteps include in Breugger's Exercise 1. Sit with your buttocks at the edge of a chair. 2. Spread your legs apart slightly. 3. Turn your toes out slightly. 4. Rest your weight on your legs/feet \& relax your abdominal muscles. 5. Tilt your pelvis forward (i.e. arch your lower back) while lifting your chest up 6. Rotate your arms outward while turning your palms up. 7. Hold your head high in the air, with a slight arch in the neck. The patient is to slowly exhale by breathing out through their lips while actively externally rotating their arms and spreading their fingers. The patient is to perform this exercise once or twice every 20-30 minutes of prolonged sitting and held in this position for 30-60 seconds |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bruegger,s ExerciseBruegger's Exercise protocol along with conventional Physiotherapy. | Other | Bruegger's Exercise |
| Egoscue ExerciseEgoscue Exercise along with conventional Physiotherapy. | Other | Egoscue Exercise |
Primary outcome
Flexicurve Ruler
Time frame: 12 day
The flexicurve ruler (flexible) is commonly used to measure the degree of spinal curvature of the lumbar lordosis in the sagittal plane. The flexible ruler was placed according to the Youdas method, over spinous processes from T12 to S2 vertebrae. The ruler was then cautiously removed from the spine and traced onto a plain piece of white paper. A vertical line was drawn to connect the T12 and S2 landmarks (L line) and together with the maximum width of the lumbar curvature (H line
Pelvic Inclinometer
Time frame: 12 day
A pelvic inclinometer was used to measure the anterior/posterior inclination of the pelvis of the subjects. An inclinometer has a 23 Cm length base and two 15 Cm arms in each side that freely move 360 degrees in horizontal plane. The ends of the arms are placed on the bony landmarks.The subject was asked to stand with the feet shoulder width apart. Even pressure was applied to both the arms of the inclinometer at anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine, with a bubble in the center the reading was then measured in degrees.
NPRS
Time frame: 12 Day
Several pain scales are used clinically to evaluate the severity of musculoskeletal pain, one of which is the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS-11), which is an eleven-point scale in which the endpoints are the extremes of no pain at all (score of 0) and the worst pain the patient has ever experienced (score of 10).
4 secondary outcomes
Modified Thomas Test
Time frame: 12 day
Visual Assessment through toe touching
Time frame: 12 day
Prone Hip Extension Co-ordination Test
Time frame: 12 day
Trunk Flexion Co-ordination and Strength Test
Time frame: 12 day
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jul 2026.
- BackgroundWaters T. The effect of Bruegger's exercise on chronic low back pain in association with lower crossed syndrome: University of Johannesburg (South Africa); 2014.
- Background: PubMed 16777886Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Thomas S. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ. 2006 Jun 17;332(7555):1430-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1430. No abstract available.
- BackgroundMay S, Johnson R. Stabilisation exercises for low back pain: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2008;94(3):179-89
- BackgroundNourbakhsh MR, Arabloo AM, Salavati M. The relationship between pelvic cross syndrome and chronic low back pain. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2006;19(4):119-28.
- BackgroundKudchadkar GS, Gurudut P, Welling A. Comparative effect of mat pilates and egoscue exercises in asymptomatic individuals with lumbar hyperlordosis: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research. 2019;1(2):79-88.
- BackgroundSequeira S, Gurudut P, Kage V. Exploring effects of Egoscue versus lumbar stabilisation exercises for lower crossed syndrome on postural stability and hyperlordotic posture correction. Comparative Exercise Physiology. 2023:1-12.
- BackgroundVehrs Z. The Effect of Egoscue Corrective Exercises on Chronic Knee and Hip Pain: Brigham Young University; 2014.
- BackgroundLaxmi V R, G N, V S, G M, Gopinath Y, G T. Efficacy of Janda's approach versus bruegger's exercise in pelvic cross syndrome and its impact on quality of life. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;11:1701-6.
- Background: PubMed 15928561Childs JD, Piva SR, Fritz JM. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Jun 1;30(11):1331-4. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000164099.92112.29.
- BackgroundKahl C, Cleland JA. Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill pain Questionnaire: an overview of psychometric properties. Physical therapy reviews. 2005;10(2):123-8.
- Background: PubMed 22482067Macintyre NJ, Bennett L, Bonnyman AM, Stratford PW. Optimizing reliability of digital inclinometer and flexicurve ruler measures of spine curvatures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of the spine: an illustration of the use of generalizability theory. ISRN Rheumatol. 2011;2011:571698. doi: 10.5402/2011/571698. Epub 2011 Feb 7.
- BackgroundKhan N, Nouman M, Iqbal MA, Anwar K, Sajjad AG, Hussain SA. Comparing the Effect of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Lower Cross Syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(07):31-
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nadia Ishtiaq, MS principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bruegger,s Exercise and Egoscue Exercise in people with Lower Cross Syndrome, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Flexicurve Ruler (time frame: 12 day). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06303388, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jul 2026.