Rounded Shoulder PostureNCT06307899
Immediate Effects of Different Stretching Methods for Pectoralis Minor Muscle
A study testing Unilateral Corner Stretch, Manual Stretching and PNF Stretching in people with Rounded Shoulder Posture, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of our study is to compare the effects of different stretching methods for the pectoralis minor (PM) muscle on scapula position, PM muscle length and scapular muscle activation in individuals with shoulder protraction. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Rounded Shoulder Posture
- What is being tested?
- Unilateral Corner Stretch, Manual Stretching and PNF Stretching
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 11 Sep 2023to 4 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Having a shoulder protraction posture
- Not having had a shoulder surgery before
- Agreeing to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Cervical or shoulder pain
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Shoulder instability
- Shoulder surgery history
- Numbness or tingling in the upper extremity
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Gazi University
Ankara, Çankaya, 06490
Tuğçe Çoban, MSc, +905454098540, fzttugce@yahoo.com
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Immediate Effects of Different Stretching Methods for Pectoralis Minor Muscle on Scapula Position, Pectoralis Minor Muscle Length and Scapular Muscle Activation in Individuals With Shoulder Protraction
The aim of our study is to compare the effects of different stretching methods for the pectoralis minor (PM) muscle on scapula position, PM muscle length and scapular muscle activation in individuals with shoulder protraction. Unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching methods will be applied randomly, 2 days apart, to volunteer individuals who agree to participate in our study. Three different stretching methods (unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and PNF stretching) will be applied to individuals randomly, 48 hours apart, and PM length, PM index, scapula upward rotation and EMG values will be recorded by a blind evaluator before and after the stretching application.
Read the detailed description
Our study will include individuals who volunteer to participate in the study, and informed consent will be obtained from the individuals. Shoulder protraction will be determined according to the measurement result of the distance between the posterolateral side of the acromion and the bed in the supine position of the individual. If the distance is 2.6 centimeters or more, it will be recorded as shoulder protraction posture. PM length, PM index, upward rotation angle of the scapula at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° abduction, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles will be evaluated by a blind evaluator before and after the stretching methods. Unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching methods will be applied randomly, 48 hours apart. The order of Unilateral Corner Stretching, Manual Stretching and PNF Stretching methods to be applied to individuals will be assigned with the simple allocation using random allocation. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22.0 will be used to evaluate the data obtained from the study and create tables. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to determine the distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics of numerical variables with normal distribution will be indicated by X ± SD, descriptive statistics of numerical variables without normal distribution will be indicated by median and (IQR), descriptive statistics of categorical variables will be indicated by frequency and percentage (%). Paired Sample T test will be used for intra-group comparison of normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test will be used for intra-group comparison of non-normally distributed data. The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be performed to compare the three groups. The statistical significance level will be set at p<0.05 and a post-hoc multiple comparisons test with Bonferroni correction will be performed.
- Conditions
- Rounded Shoulder Posture
- Being tested
- Unilateral Corner Stretch, Manual Stretching, PNF Stretching
- Keywords
- Pectoralis Minor, Stretching, Muscle Activation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Unilateral Corner StretchOther
Individuals will be positioned in a standing position with the elbow in 90° flexion and the shoulder in 90° abduction, placing the palm on a flat surface. For stretching, individuals will be asked to increase shoulder horizontal abduction by rotating the trunk anteriorly and contralaterally. The position will be maintained for 30 seconds and will be repeated 4 times with a 30-second rest between repetitions.
Manual StretchingOther
Individuals will be positioned supine with the shoulder in 90º abduction and external rotation and the elbow in 90º flexion. Stretching will be applied by the physiotherapist from just distal to the elbow in the direction of horizontal abduction of the shoulder. The position will be maintained for 30 seconds and will be repeated 4 times with a 30-second rest between repetitions.
PNF StretchingOther
Individuals will be in a sitting position with their hands clasped behind the head. The PM muscle will be stretched in the direction of horizontal abduction by placing the physiotherapist's hands anterior to the elbows. Passive stretching will be continued for 10 seconds, followed by 6 seconds of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the PM muscle. The procedure will be repeated four times with 30 seconds of rest.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Experimental | Unilateral Corner Stretching Receives: Other: Unilateral Corner Stretch |
| Group 2 | Experimental | Manual Stretching Receives: Other: Manual Stretching |
| Group 3 | Experimental | PNF Stretching Receives: Other: PNF Stretching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pectoralis Minor Length
To measure the length of the pectoralis minor muscle, the distance between the caudal corner of the 4th rib and the inferomedial face of the coracoid process will be recorded with a tape measure.
Measured: Baseline
Pectoralis Minor Length
To measure the length of the pectoralis minor muscle, the distance between the caudal corner of the 4th rib and the inferomedial face of the coracoid process will be recorded with a tape measure.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
Pectoralis Minor Index
PM index will be recorded by calculating the ratio of the pectoralis minor length to the individual's height multiplied by 100.
Measured: Baseline
Pectoralis Minor Index
PM index will be recorded by calculating the ratio of the pectoralis minor length to the individual's height multiplied by 100.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
Scapula Upward Rotation Measurement
Individuals' scapula upward rotation measurement will be evaluated with an inclinometer in the resting position, 45º, 90º and 135º shoulder abduction positions. Three measurements will be taken with a 30-second rest interval and the average value will be calculated.
Measured: Baseline
Scapula Upward Rotation Measurement
Individuals' scapula upward rotation measurement will be evaluated with an inclinometer in the resting position, 45º, 90º and 135º shoulder abduction positions. Three measurements will be taken with a 30-second rest interval and the average value will be calculated.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
EMG Analysis
Individuals' upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activations will be evaluated using superficial EMG. Measurements will be taken from the dominant side.
Measured: Baseline
EMG Analysis
Individuals' upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activations will be evaluated using superficial EMG. Measurements will be taken from the dominant side.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2024
- Study start11 Sep 2023
- Primary completion3 Jul 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion4 Sep 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Rounded Shoulder PostureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Gazi UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tuğçe Çoban, Gazi University
- Investigators
- Selda Başar, PhD, Principal investigator, Gazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06307899
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-77082166-302.08.01-639069
- Status last verified
- Mar 2024
- First submitted
- 6 Mar 2024
- Last updated
- 13 Mar 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. Comparison of three stretches for the pectoralis minor muscle. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006 May-Jun;15(3):324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.08.011.
PubMed 16679233Rosa DP, Borstad JD, Pogetti LS, Camargo PR. Effects of a stretching protocol for the pectoralis minor on muscle length, function, and scapular kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain. J Hand Ther. 2017 Jan-Mar;30(1):20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
PubMed 27769843Williams JG, Laudner KG, McLoda T. The acute effects of two passive stretch maneuvers on pectoralis minor length and scapular kinematics among collegiate swimmers. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Feb;8(1):25-33.
PubMed 23439770
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Immediate Effects of Different Stretching Methods for Pectoralis Minor Muscle on Scapula Position, Pectoralis Minor Muscle Length and Scapular Muscle Activation in Individuals With Shoulder Protraction
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06307899
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-77082166-302.08.01-639069
- Conditions
- Rounded Shoulder Posture
- Keywords
- Pectoralis Minor, Stretching, Muscle Activation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Jul 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 4 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of our study is to compare the effects of different stretching methods for the pectoralis minor (PM) muscle on scapula position, PM muscle length and scapular muscle activation in individuals with shoulder protraction. Unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching methods will be applied randomly, 2 days apart, to volunteer individuals who agree to participate in our study. Three different stretching methods (unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and PNF stretching) will be applied to individuals randomly, 48 hours apart, and PM length, PM index, scapula upward rotation and EMG values will be recorded by a blind evaluator before and after the stretching application.
Detailed description
Our study will include individuals who volunteer to participate in the study, and informed consent will be obtained from the individuals. Shoulder protraction will be determined according to the measurement result of the distance between the posterolateral side of the acromion and the bed in the supine position of the individual. If the distance is 2.6 centimeters or more, it will be recorded as shoulder protraction posture. PM length, PM index, upward rotation angle of the scapula at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° abduction, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles will be evaluated by a blind evaluator before and after the stretching methods. Unilateral corner stretching, manual stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching methods will be applied randomly, 48 hours apart. The order of Unilateral Corner Stretching, Manual Stretching and PNF Stretching methods to be applied to individuals will be assigned with the simple allocation using random allocation. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22.0 will be used to evaluate the data obtained from the study and create tables. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to determine the distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics of numerical variables with normal distribution will be indicated by X ± SD, descriptive statistics of numerical variables without normal distribution will be indicated by median and (IQR), descriptive statistics of categorical variables will be indicated by frequency and percentage (%). Paired Sample T test will be used for intra-group comparison of normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test will be used for intra-group comparison of non-normally distributed data. The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be performed to compare the three groups. The statistical significance level will be set at p<0.05 and a post-hoc multiple comparisons test with Bonferroni correction will be performed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Experimental | Other: Unilateral Corner StretchUnilateral Corner Stretching |
| Group 2 | Experimental | Other: Manual StretchingManual Stretching |
| Group 3 | Experimental | Other: PNF StretchingPNF Stretching |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having a shoulder protraction posture
- Not having had a shoulder surgery before
- Agreeing to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Cervical or shoulder pain
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Shoulder instability
- Shoulder surgery history
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Unilateral Corner StretchIndividuals will be positioned in a standing position with the elbow in 90° flexion and the shoulder in 90° abduction, placing the palm on a flat surface. For stretching, individuals will be asked to increase shoulder horizontal abduction by rotating the trunk anteriorly and contralaterally. The position will be maintained for 30 seconds and will be repeated 4 times with a 30-second rest between repetitions. | Other | Group 1 |
| Manual StretchingIndividuals will be positioned supine with the shoulder in 90º abduction and external rotation and the elbow in 90º flexion. Stretching will be applied by the physiotherapist from just distal to the elbow in the direction of horizontal abduction of the shoulder. The position will be maintained for 30 seconds and will be repeated 4 times with a 30-second rest between repetitions. | Other | Group 2 |
| PNF StretchingIndividuals will be in a sitting position with their hands clasped behind the head. The PM muscle will be stretched in the direction of horizontal abduction by placing the physiotherapist's hands anterior to the elbows. Passive stretching will be continued for 10 seconds, followed by 6 seconds of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the PM muscle. The procedure will be repeated four times with 30 seconds of rest. | Other | Group 3 |
Primary outcome
Pectoralis Minor Length
Time frame: Baseline
To measure the length of the pectoralis minor muscle, the distance between the caudal corner of the 4th rib and the inferomedial face of the coracoid process will be recorded with a tape measure.
Pectoralis Minor Length
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
To measure the length of the pectoralis minor muscle, the distance between the caudal corner of the 4th rib and the inferomedial face of the coracoid process will be recorded with a tape measure.
Pectoralis Minor Index
Time frame: Baseline
PM index will be recorded by calculating the ratio of the pectoralis minor length to the individual's height multiplied by 100.
Pectoralis Minor Index
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
PM index will be recorded by calculating the ratio of the pectoralis minor length to the individual's height multiplied by 100.
Scapula Upward Rotation Measurement
Time frame: Baseline
Individuals' scapula upward rotation measurement will be evaluated with an inclinometer in the resting position, 45º, 90º and 135º shoulder abduction positions. Three measurements will be taken with a 30-second rest interval and the average value will be calculated.
Scapula Upward Rotation Measurement
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
Individuals' scapula upward rotation measurement will be evaluated with an inclinometer in the resting position, 45º, 90º and 135º shoulder abduction positions. Three measurements will be taken with a 30-second rest interval and the average value will be calculated.
EMG Analysis
Time frame: Baseline
Individuals' upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activations will be evaluated using superficial EMG. Measurements will be taken from the dominant side.
EMG Analysis
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
Individuals' upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activations will be evaluated using superficial EMG. Measurements will be taken from the dominant side.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Mar 2024.
- Background: PubMed 16679233Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. Comparison of three stretches for the pectoralis minor muscle. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006 May-Jun;15(3):324-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.08.011.
- Background: PubMed 27769843Rosa DP, Borstad JD, Pogetti LS, Camargo PR. Effects of a stretching protocol for the pectoralis minor on muscle length, function, and scapular kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain. J Hand Ther. 2017 Jan-Mar;30(1):20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
- Background: PubMed 23439770Williams JG, Laudner KG, McLoda T. The acute effects of two passive stretch maneuvers on pectoralis minor length and scapular kinematics among collegiate swimmers. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Feb;8(1):25-33.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Selda Başar, PhD principal investigator
Gazi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Unilateral Corner Stretch, Manual Stretching and PNF Stretching in people with Rounded Shoulder Posture, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Tuğçe Çoban, MSc (+905454098540, fzttugce@yahoo.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pectoralis Minor Length (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06307899, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Mar 2024.