The Validation and Biological Index Studies on the Improved Social Function of ASD by 40 Hz tACS

detect resting state and task state EEG, analyze and calculate the functional E/I ratio of EEG power spectrum

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were used to analyze the functional status and network connectivity between rTPJ and other brain regions. Glx, GABA+, taurine and other neurotransmitters were detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the changes in the key transmitters of neural E/I balance.

Eye tracker was used to record the visual movement trajectories of the subjects when they were performing cognitive tasks, and these movement patterns were analyzed to understand the subjects' attention concentration points and emotional responses in different task situations.

The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test is a psychological assessment to measure subject's ability to understand or infer the mental states of others through the observation of their eyes. It's used to investigate social cognition, empathy, and theory of mind.

The Frith-Happe animations task is used to measure individuals' ability to understand and interpret social interactions. In this task, participants are shown 8 short animated video clips depicting simple social interactions between triangle shapes. Participants will be asked whether the type of interaction of triangles in these animations is random or psychological, and be rated according to their choice of the type of interaction presented by the triangle animation. Each animation gets one point if it chooses the interaction type correctly; otherwise, it gets zero points. The total score is eight.

Strange Stories Task involves presenting participants with a series of short narrative vignettes that involve interactions between characters that require the reader to infer the characters' thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and emotions. After reading each story, participants are asked questions or prompted to make judgments about the characters' mental states, motivations, and interpretations. Responses are then scored based on the participant's ability to accurately interpret the social cues presented in the narratives. Each question is scored 0, 1, and 2 according to the scoring standard.

Assessed by the Social Response Scale (SRS-II). The change in social communication scores from baseline to the end of the study period will be the primary outcome of interest, the critical value is 59.5, and the total score is the sum of all entries, with the lowest score of 0 and the highest score of 3 for each entry.

The Repetitive Stereotyping Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) is a tool used to assess repetitive and stereotyping behaviors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other related disorders. The scale consists of 5 subscales, namely Ⅰ stereotypical behavior scale, Ⅱ self-injury behavior scale, Ⅲ impulsive behavior scale, Ⅳ ritualistic behavior scale, Ⅴ fixed behavior scale, and the score is 0= these behaviors have never happened -- 3= these behaviors have happened. And it's serious; The number of positive items is items other than those with a zero score.

The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) was used to assess sensory processing abnormalities in children. Each statement has a rating range, which is a 5-point scale from "always" to "never." Raters need to rate the child based on how often they respond to specific sensory inputs. The total score of the SSP is the sum of the scores of all entries. The lowest score generally reflects a higher level of sensory processing difficulty, while the highest score indicates less difficulty.

Individuals are assessed for behavioral abnormalities using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Second Edition (ABC-II), a scoring system designed according to the frequency and severity of behavioral problems. For each entry, raters are asked to rate it according to the following criteria: 0: no problem at all. Score 1: The behavior is problematic, but the degree is not serious. Score 2: The problem is moderately serious. 3 marks: The problem is serious. The total score for ABC-II is the sum of scores for all entries, with the lowest score (i.e., all entries are rated 0) indicating that no behavioral problems were observed, while the highest score (i.e., all entries are rated 3) indicating widespread and serious behavioral problems.

Childhood Sleep Disorders Scale (SDSC) was used to assess children's sleep problems and habits. Ratings are usually based on frequency and duration, such as "always," "often," "sometimes," "occasionally," or "never happens." Each entry is typically scored on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 being no problem and the highest being the most serious. The total score of the CSHQ is the sum of the scores of all entries.