ElectroencephalogramNCT06394778
Electroencephalogram Characteristics of Surgical Anesthetized Patients and Postoperative Dilirium
An observational study of Electroencephalogram and Postoperative Delirium (POD), run by First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Objective: To construct a perioperative EEG database for elderly patients under general anesthesia and to explore the relationship between their EEG spectrum characteristics and the occurrence and severity of postoperative delirium. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Electroencephalogram, Postoperative Delirium (POD)
- What is being tested?
- Delirium test scale：3D-CAM
- How many people
- 375 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 13 May 2024to 15 Apr 2027
- How long will I take part?
- 5 Days
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery
Who may be able to join
- Patients aged ≥ 60 years, scheduled for orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery, ASA grade I-III, expected surgery time ≥ 2 hours, and able to provide written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Patients with central nervous system diseases or mental disorders;
- patients with severe systemic diseases such as cardiopulmonary, liver and kidney dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, etc.;
- patients who frequently use psychotropic drugs, opioids or corticosteroids;
- patients with a history of intraoperative awareness;
- patients who are unable to complete preoperative delirium screening due to severe blindness, deafness, illiteracy or Mandarin speaking;
- patients who are expected to undergo a second operation within 7 days.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
China1 site
The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003
About this study
Official title: Electroencephalogram Characteristics of Surgical Anesthetized Patients and Their Correlation With Postoperative Delirium
Objective: To construct a perioperative EEG database for elderly patients under general anesthesia and to explore the relationship between their EEG spectrum characteristics and the occurrence and severity of postoperative delirium. Content: This study aims to investigate elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, analyze the changes in the perioperative EEG spectrum and its correlation with the occurrence of postoperative delirium, and explore the relationship between perioperative EEG changes and the occurrence of postoperative delirium. Methods: Patients aged 60 years or older who were scheduled to undergo orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery and had a hospital stay of more than 2 days were selected. All patients underwent MMSE and 3D-CAM assessment before surgery. Before anesthesia induction, anesthesia depth monitoring electrodes were placed on the patient\'s occipital or frontal temporal region, and EEGs were collected in awake and quiet states, under general anesthesia, and during anesthesia recovery. In the PACU, the score was calculated based on the CAM-ICU scale. The patients were assessed with the 3D-CAM scale for awakening once a day at 15:00-20:00 the day before surgery, and twice a day at 9:00-11:00 and 15:00-20:00 during 1-5 days after surgery, or at any time when obvious delirium symptoms appeared, unless discharged from the hospital or taking sedatives (RASS\<-3). Ten minutes after the assessment, the occipital EEG was monitored when the patient was conscious and quiet, or when obvious delirium appeared. According to the test results of the 3D-CAM scale, it was determined whether the patient had postoperative delirium, and the patients were divided into the delirium group and the non-delirium group. The EEG characteristics of the two groups of patients were analyzed before, during, and after surgery. Research significance: The results of this study can provide objective indicators and theoretical basis for monitoring and diagnosing the occurrence and development of POD, which can help clinicians to identify patients with increased risk of delirium at an early stage, adjust the plan in time, and change the triggering risk factors of POD.
Read the detailed description
Preoperative cognitive and delirium assessment:
MMSE scale assesses the patient\'s preoperative cognitive function status: the total score is 30 points, the higher the score, the better the cognitive function. Considering the impact of education level on MMSE assessment, combined with my country\'s actual situation and previous studies, we set the assessment criteria for illiterate or most primary and junior high school education levels to ≤17, ≤20, and ≤24, respectively. Individuals below the corresponding standards are considered to have cognitive impairment before surgery.
Preoperative 3D-CAM baseline value for delirium assessment: patients were assessed for delirium using the 3-minute rapid mental confusion assessment method (3D-CAM) between 15:00 and 20:00 the day before surgery.
Postoperative delirium assessment:
During the postoperative PACU period, the score was calculated based on the CAM-ICU scale; 1-5 days after surgery, patients underwent 3D-CAM assessment twice a day at 9:00-11:00 and 15:00-20:00, or at any time when obvious delirium symptoms appeared, unless discharged or taking sedatives (RASS\<-3).
- Conditions
- Electroencephalogram, Postoperative Delirium (POD)
- Being tested
- Delirium test scale：3D-CAM
- Keywords
- Single-center, prospective, observational, case-control study
- Medical subject headings
- Emergence Delirium
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Delirium test scale：3D-CAMDiagnostic test
The 3D-CAM is a 3-minute delirium assessment that is also based upon the CAM algorithm and has four features: (1) altered mental status/fluctuating course, (2) inattention, (3) altered level of consciousness, and (4) disorganized thinking.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Delirium group | If the patient develops delirium after surgery, he/she is in the delirium group Receives: Diagnostic Test: Delirium test scale：3D-CAM | |
| Non delirium group | If the patient does not experience delirium after surgery, it is considered as the non-delirium group Receives: Diagnostic Test: Delirium test scale：3D-CAM |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Correlation between perioperative EEG spectral changes and postoperative delirium
Characteristic changes of EEG spectral changes in patients with POD before, during, and after surgery
Measured: 2 years
Incidence of POD
The proportion of POD occurrence
Measured: 1 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 May 2024
- Study start13 May 2024
- Primary completion30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Apr 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ElectroencephalogramStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 375 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 5 Days
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gan Shuyuan, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06394778
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IIT20240135B-R1
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 29 Apr 2024
- Last updated
- 12 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ravi B, Pincus D, Choi S, Jenkinson R, Wasserstein DN, Redelmeier DA. Association of Duration of Surgery With Postoperative Delirium Among Patients Receiving Hip Fracture Repair. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e190111. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0111.
PubMed 30794305Gan S, Yu Y, Wu J, Tang X, Zheng Y, Wang M, Zhu S. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and risk assessment of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with orthopedics: a cross-sectional study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Aug 1;20(1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01096-6.
PubMed 32738902Kinoshita H, Saito J, Kushikata T, Oyama T, Takekawa D, Hashiba E, Sawa T, Hirota K. The Perioperative Frontal Relative Ratio of the Alpha Power of Electroencephalography for Predicting Postoperative Delirium After Highly Invasive Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study. Anesth Analg. 2023 Dec 1;137(6):1279-1288. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006424. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
PubMed 36917508Koch S, Windmann V, Chakravarty S, Kruppa J, Yurek F, Brown EN, Winterer G, Spies C; BioCog Study Group. Perioperative Electroencephalogram Spectral Dynamics Related to Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients. Anesth Analg. 2021 Dec 1;133(6):1598-1607. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005668.
PubMed 34591807Hesse S, Kreuzer M, Hight D, Gaskell A, Devari P, Singh D, Taylor NB, Whalin MK, Lee S, Sleigh JW, Garcia PS. Association of electroencephalogram trajectories during emergence from anaesthesia with delirium in the postanaesthesia care unit: an early sign of postoperative complications. Br J Anaesth. 2019 May;122(5):622-634. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.09.016. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
PubMed 30915984Lutz R, Muller C, Dragovic S, Schneider F, Ribbe K, Anders M, Schmid S, Garcia PS, Schneider G, Kreuzer M, Kratzer S. The absence of dominant alpha-oscillatory EEG activity during emergence from delta-dominant anesthesia predicts neurocognitive impairment- results from a prospective observational trial. J Clin Anesth. 2022 Nov;82:110949. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110949. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
PubMed 36049381Boord MS, Moezzi B, Davis D, Ross TJ, Coussens S, Psaltis PJ, Bourke A, Keage HAD. Investigating how electroencephalogram measures associate with delirium: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Jan;132(1):246-257. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.009. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
PubMed 33069620Kassie GM, Nguyen TA, Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Preoperative medication use and postoperative delirium: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Dec 29;17(1):298. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0695-x.
PubMed 29284416Kaiser HA, Peus M, Luedi MM, Lersch F, Krejci V, Reineke D, Sleigh J, Hight D. Frontal electroencephalogram reveals emergence-like brain activity occurring during transition periods in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Sep;125(3):291-297. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.064. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
PubMed 32682555Purdon PL, Sampson A, Pavone KJ, Brown EN. Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures. Anesthesiology. 2015 Oct;123(4):937-60. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000841.
PubMed 26275092Tsai MC, Chou SY, Tsai CS, Hung TH, Su JA. Comparison of consecutive periods of 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality of geriatric inpatients with delirium, dementia, and depression in a consultation-liaison service. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2013;45(1):45-57. doi: 10.2190/PM.45.1.d.
PubMed 23805603Jabbar F, Leonard M, Meehan K, O'Connor M, Cronin C, Reynolds P, Meaney AM, Meagher D. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive profile of patients with DSM-IV delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison service. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011 Sep;23(7):1167-74. doi: 10.1017/S1041610210002383. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
PubMed 21251353Blazer DG, van Nieuwenhuizen AO. Evidence for the diagnostic criteria of delirium: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012 May;25(3):239-43. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283523ce8.
PubMed 22449764
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Electroencephalogram Characteristics of Surgical Anesthetized Patients and Their Correlation With Postoperative Delirium
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06394778
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IIT20240135B-R1
- Conditions
- Electroencephalogram, Postoperative Delirium (POD)
- Keywords
- Single-center, prospective, observational, case-control study
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 375 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 13 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Apr 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 May 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective: To construct a perioperative EEG database for elderly patients under general anesthesia and to explore the relationship between their EEG spectrum characteristics and the occurrence and severity of postoperative delirium. Content: This study aims to investigate elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, analyze the changes in the perioperative EEG spectrum and its correlation with the occurrence of postoperative delirium, and explore the relationship between perioperative EEG changes and the occurrence of postoperative delirium. Methods: Patients aged 60 years or older who were scheduled to undergo orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery and had a hospital stay of more than 2 days were selected. All patients underwent MMSE and 3D-CAM assessment before surgery. Before anesthesia induction, anesthesia depth monitoring electrodes were placed on the patient\'s occipital or frontal temporal region, and EEGs were collected in awake and quiet states, under general anesthesia, and during anesthesia recovery. In the PACU, the score was calculated based on the CAM-ICU scale. The patients were assessed with the 3D-CAM scale for awakening once a day at 15:00-20:00 the day before surgery, and twice a day at 9:00-11:00 and 15:00-20:00 during 1-5 days after surgery, or at any time when obvious delirium symptoms appeared, unless discharged from the hospital or taking sedatives (RASS\<-3). Ten minutes after the assessment, the occipital EEG was monitored when the patient was conscious and quiet, or when obvious delirium appeared. According to the test results of the 3D-CAM scale, it was determined whether the patient had postoperative delirium, and the patients were divided into the delirium group and the non-delirium group. The EEG characteristics of the two groups of patients were analyzed before, during, and after surgery. Research significance: The results of this study can provide objective indicators and theoretical basis for monitoring and diagnosing the occurrence and development of POD, which can help clinicians to identify patients with increased risk of delirium at an early stage, adjust the plan in time, and change the triggering risk factors of POD.
Detailed description
Preoperative cognitive and delirium assessment:
MMSE scale assesses the patient\'s preoperative cognitive function status: the total score is 30 points, the higher the score, the better the cognitive function. Considering the impact of education level on MMSE assessment, combined with my country\'s actual situation and previous studies, we set the assessment criteria for illiterate or most primary and junior high school education levels to ≤17, ≤20, and ≤24, respectively. Individuals below the corresponding standards are considered to have cognitive impairment before surgery.
Preoperative 3D-CAM baseline value for delirium assessment: patients were assessed for delirium using the 3-minute rapid mental confusion assessment method (3D-CAM) between 15:00 and 20:00 the day before surgery.
Postoperative delirium assessment:
During the postoperative PACU period, the score was calculated based on the CAM-ICU scale; 1-5 days after surgery, patients underwent 3D-CAM assessment twice a day at 9:00-11:00 and 15:00-20:00, or at any time when obvious delirium symptoms appeared, unless discharged or taking sedatives (RASS\<-3).
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 5 Days
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Delirium group | – | Diagnostic Test: Delirium test scale：3D-CAMIf the patient develops delirium after surgery, he/she is in the delirium group |
| Non delirium group | – | Diagnostic Test: Delirium test scale：3D-CAMIf the patient does not experience delirium after surgery, it is considered as the non-delirium group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Elderly patients undergoing elective orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients aged ≥ 60 years, scheduled for orthopedic joint replacement or spinal surgery, ASA grade I-III, expected surgery time ≥ 2 hours, and able to provide written informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients with central nervous system diseases or mental disorders;
- patients with severe systemic diseases such as cardiopulmonary, liver and kidney dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, etc.;
- patients who frequently use psychotropic drugs, opioids or corticosteroids;
- patients with a history of intraoperative awareness;
- patients who are unable to complete preoperative delirium screening due to severe blindness, deafness, illiteracy or Mandarin speaking;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Delirium test scale：3D-CAMThe 3D-CAM is a 3-minute delirium assessment that is also based upon the CAM algorithm and has four features: (1) altered mental status/fluctuating course, (2) inattention, (3) altered level of consciousness, and (4) disorganized thinking. | Diagnostic test | Delirium group, Non delirium group |
Primary outcome
Correlation between perioperative EEG spectral changes and postoperative delirium
Time frame: 2 years
Characteristic changes of EEG spectral changes in patients with POD before, during, and after surgery
Incidence of POD
Time frame: 1 years
The proportion of POD occurrence
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 30794305Ravi B, Pincus D, Choi S, Jenkinson R, Wasserstein DN, Redelmeier DA. Association of Duration of Surgery With Postoperative Delirium Among Patients Receiving Hip Fracture Repair. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e190111. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0111.
- Results publication: PubMed 32738902Gan S, Yu Y, Wu J, Tang X, Zheng Y, Wang M, Zhu S. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and risk assessment of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with orthopedics: a cross-sectional study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Aug 1;20(1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01096-6.
- Results publication: PubMed 36917508Kinoshita H, Saito J, Kushikata T, Oyama T, Takekawa D, Hashiba E, Sawa T, Hirota K. The Perioperative Frontal Relative Ratio of the Alpha Power of Electroencephalography for Predicting Postoperative Delirium After Highly Invasive Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study. Anesth Analg. 2023 Dec 1;137(6):1279-1288. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006424. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 34591807Koch S, Windmann V, Chakravarty S, Kruppa J, Yurek F, Brown EN, Winterer G, Spies C; BioCog Study Group. Perioperative Electroencephalogram Spectral Dynamics Related to Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients. Anesth Analg. 2021 Dec 1;133(6):1598-1607. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005668.
- Results publication: PubMed 30915984Hesse S, Kreuzer M, Hight D, Gaskell A, Devari P, Singh D, Taylor NB, Whalin MK, Lee S, Sleigh JW, Garcia PS. Association of electroencephalogram trajectories during emergence from anaesthesia with delirium in the postanaesthesia care unit: an early sign of postoperative complications. Br J Anaesth. 2019 May;122(5):622-634. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.09.016. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 36049381Lutz R, Muller C, Dragovic S, Schneider F, Ribbe K, Anders M, Schmid S, Garcia PS, Schneider G, Kreuzer M, Kratzer S. The absence of dominant alpha-oscillatory EEG activity during emergence from delta-dominant anesthesia predicts neurocognitive impairment- results from a prospective observational trial. J Clin Anesth. 2022 Nov;82:110949. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110949. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 33069620Boord MS, Moezzi B, Davis D, Ross TJ, Coussens S, Psaltis PJ, Bourke A, Keage HAD. Investigating how electroencephalogram measures associate with delirium: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Jan;132(1):246-257. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.009. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 29284416Kassie GM, Nguyen TA, Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Preoperative medication use and postoperative delirium: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Dec 29;17(1):298. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0695-x.
- Results publication: PubMed 32682555Kaiser HA, Peus M, Luedi MM, Lersch F, Krejci V, Reineke D, Sleigh J, Hight D. Frontal electroencephalogram reveals emergence-like brain activity occurring during transition periods in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Sep;125(3):291-297. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.064. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 26275092Purdon PL, Sampson A, Pavone KJ, Brown EN. Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures. Anesthesiology. 2015 Oct;123(4):937-60. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000841.
- Results publication: PubMed 23805603Tsai MC, Chou SY, Tsai CS, Hung TH, Su JA. Comparison of consecutive periods of 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality of geriatric inpatients with delirium, dementia, and depression in a consultation-liaison service. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2013;45(1):45-57. doi: 10.2190/PM.45.1.d.
- Results publication: PubMed 21251353Jabbar F, Leonard M, Meehan K, O'Connor M, Cronin C, Reynolds P, Meaney AM, Meagher D. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive profile of patients with DSM-IV delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison service. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011 Sep;23(7):1167-74. doi: 10.1017/S1041610210002383. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Electroencephalogram and Postoperative Delirium (POD), run by First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Correlation between perioperative EEG spectral changes and postoperative delirium (time frame: 2 years). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06394778, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jan 2026.