HPV VaccineNCT06405048
Impact of a Mock-up Fact-checking Extension on HPV Vaccine Misinformation: A Survey Experiment
A study testing Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension in people with HPV Vaccine, run by Fudan University at 2 sites in China.
Trial summary
The primary objective of this survey experiment study is to measure the impact of a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension on the ability to dispel HPV and HPV vaccine-related misinformation among parents of middle school girls in China. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- HPV Vaccine
- What is being tested?
- Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,200 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesChina
- Study dates
- 28 Apr 2024to 30 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants must be parents or legal guardians of female students currently enrolled in participating middle school.
- The parent's or guardian's female middle school student must not have received the HPV vaccine, must not have an HPV vaccination appointment scheduled, and must not have any contraindications to receiving the HPV vaccine.
- Participants must be free of mental health disorders or visual/reading disabilities that could prevent their full participation in and completion of the intervention activities.
- Participants must have provided informed consent and expressed a willingness to actively participate throughout the study.
- Exclusion criteria are defined as individuals not meeting the aforementioned inclusion criteria.
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
China2 sites
Chizhou Health Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Chizhou, Anhui, 247100
Liubing Gong, MS, chzcpdcxf@126.com
Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, 201800
Hui Peng, MS, penny200210108@sina.com
About this study
Official title: Evaluating the Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Mock-up Fact-checking Extension to Improve Ability to Debunk HPV Vaccine Misinformation Among Parents of Middle School Girls: A Survey Experiment
The primary objective of this survey experiment study is to measure the impact of a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension on the ability to dispel HPV and HPV vaccine-related misinformation among parents of middle school girls in China.
Read the detailed description
This survey experiment study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension on improving the ability to identify HPV and HPV vaccine-related misinformation among parents of middle school girls in three economically diverse regions of China. This includes Shanghai megacity, an urban city in Anhui Province, and rural counties in Anhui Province. The participants will be parents of middle school girls who have not yet received the HPV vaccine. This experiment will randomly assign the participants into intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group will use a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension whereas those in control group will not.
The sample size for this study was determined based on the two primary outcomes: knowledge of the HPV vaccine and the ability to dispel misinformation. A review of the existing literature suggests that the intention or confidence among Chinese parents to vaccinate their children with the HPV vaccine, as well as their knowledge about the vaccine and capability to counteract misinformation, typically ranges from 50% to 70%. We assumed a baseline rate of 60% for both vaccine knowledge and misinformation discernment. It is anticipated that exposure to educational interventions will increase these rates by 10%, elevating them to 70%. Using a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 90%, the required sample size was calculated to be a minimum of 473 participants per group. To accommodate potential variability and to strengthen the robustness of the study, 500 participants will be recruited for each group, maintaining a 1:1 ratio. This approach results in a total sample size of 1,000 participants. Such a sample size ensures that the study is sufficiently powered to detect a significant change in the outcomes of interest.
In this study, 11 mobile Weibo post screenshots were created, covering a range of topics including infertility, safety, vaccine ingredients, high-risk cervical cancer types, regular check-ups, transmission routes, and others.
The participants in both groups will complete a questionnaire consisting of six phases:
- Phase 1 (Baseline Assessment): Participants in both the intervention and control groups will complete a questionnaire covering (a) basic demographic information, (b) HPV vaccine knowledge, (c) HPV vaccine awareness and confidence, and (d) vaccination intentions.
- Phase 2 (Intervention Module 1): Participants in the intervention group will review six Weibo post screenshots, each featuring a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension. The control group will view identical screenshots, but without the fact-checking extension. Half of these posts will include false information. After viewing each post, those in the intervention group will evaluate a statement related to the Weibo content and corresponding to one of the predefined (b) HPV vaccine knowledge. Their responses will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, considering both the post content and the fact-checking extension's findings. Participants in the control group will assess the same statement based only on the post content, with the same response options.
- Phase 3 (Intervention Module 2): All participants will review four additional Weibo post screenshots, including two containing false information, to evaluate whether exposure to the mock-up fact-checking extension has improved the intervention group's ability to identify false information. The same question format from Intervention Module 1 will be used for responses.
- Phase 4 (Post-intervention Assessment): All participants are required to fill out sections on (c) HPV vaccine awareness and confidence, and (d) vaccine intentions.
- Phase 5 (Intervention Module 3): All participants in both groups will be asked whether they use a mock-up fact-checking extension when viewing Weibo post screenshots. If participants choose 'Yes', they will view a Weibo post screenshot with the extension displayed; if they choose 'No', the extension will not be displayed. The same question format from Intervention Module 1 will be used for responses. This phase aims to assess participants' behaviour regarding the use of the extension.
- Phase 6 (User Experience Assessment): All participants will complete the section (e) the user experience with a mock-up fact-checking extension.
Following the completion of the experiment, a debunking procedure will be conducted for participants in both the intervention and control groups. This is to avoid any potential risks associated with the spread of misinformation on Weibo.
Data analysis will employ Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis, multiple logistic regression, and other suitable statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension.
- Conditions
- HPV Vaccine
- Being tested
- Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension
- Keywords
- HPV vaccine, knowledge, misinformation, vaccine confidence, fact-checking extension
- Medical subject headings
- Communication
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extensionOther
The intervention in this survey experiment involves mobile Weibo post screenshots equipped with a mock-up Chinese fact-checking browser extension. All screenshots are based on actual Weibo posts. The fact-checking content is generated by a Large Language Model (LLM), tailored to relevant knowledge and prompts, and subsequently validated by experts. The Weibo posts cover a range of popular topics known to contain misinformation, including infertility, safety, vaccine ingredients, high-risk cervical cancer types, regular check-ups, transmission routes, and others.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mock-up fact-checking extension intervention group | Experimental | Intervention group participants will engage with three modules:
In Module 1, participants will examine six Weibo post screenshots, each featuring a mock-up of a Chinese fact-checking extension. Participants in the intervention group will assess a statement linked to the content of each post, which aligns with predefined HPV vaccine knowledge from section (b). Their response options will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, taking into account both the post and the extension's feedback.
In the module 2, participants will review four additional Weibo post screenshots, two of which include false information. Responses will follow the same format used in Module 1.
In Module 3, participants will choose whether to view Weibo post screenshots with the fact-checking extension enabled or disabled. If they choose "Yes", the screenshot will be displayed with the extension; if "No", it will be shown without the extension. Receives: Other: Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension |
| Control group | No intervention | Control group participants will participate in three modules: In Modules 1 and 2, they will review six and four Weibo post screenshots, respectively, without the mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension. Participants will evaluate statements linked to the content of each post, aligning with predefined HPV vaccine knowledge from section (b). Their response options will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, based solely on the content of the posts. In Module 3, participants will choose whether to view Weibo post screenshots with the fact-checking extension enabled or disabled. If they choose "Yes", the screenshot will be displayed with the extension; if "No", it will be shown without the extension. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Ability to debunk misinformation
This outcome measures participants' ability to debunk misinformation about the HPV or HPV vaccine. Total debunking scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores reflecting better debunking skills.
Measured: Day 1, in a single survey
Secondary outcomes (4)
HPV vaccination intention
Intention to vaccinate daughters against HPV, measured on a five-point Likert scale from 0 ("very unwilling") to 5 ("very willing").
Measured: Day 1, in a single survey
HPV vaccine confidence
Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI), including confidence on vaccine effectiveness and safety, measured on a five-point Likert scale from 0 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly agree").
Measured: Day 1, in a single survey
Tool acceptance
Determines whether participants would like to use a mock-up fact-checking extension when viewing screenshots of Weibo posts. Responses are either Yes (1) or No (0).
Measured: Day 1, in a single survey
User experience of mock-up fact-checking extension
4 questions about the user experience of a mock-up fact-checking browser extension, measured using a five-point Likert scale from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"
Measured: Day 1, in a single survey
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 May 2024
- Study start28 Apr 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 May 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HPV VaccineStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Fudan UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 1,200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fudan University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The University of Hong Kong
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zhiyuan Hou, Fudan University
- Investigators
- Zhiyuan Hou, PhD, Principal investigator, Fudan UniversityLeesa Lin, PhD, Principal investigator, The University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06405048
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Fact-checking Extension
- Status last verified
- May 2024
- First submitted
- 26 Apr 2024
- Last updated
- 8 May 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices), will be shared upon reasonable requests. A written data-sharing request for meta-analysis should be submitted by email with a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to zyhou@fudan.edu.cn; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.
Publications
Lee KY, Dabak SV, Kong VH, Park M, Kwok SLL, Silzle M, Rachatan C, Cook A, Passanante A, Pertwee E, Wu Z, Elkin JA, Larson HJ, Lau EHY, Leung K, Wu JT, Lin L. Effectiveness of chatbots on COVID vaccine confidence and acceptance in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore. NPJ Digit Med. 2023 May 25;6(1):96. doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00843-6.
PubMed 37231110Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of COVID-19: challenges and perspectives. Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Apr 10;17(6):1581-1587. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.58855. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33907522Scherer LD, McPhetres J, Pennycook G, Kempe A, Allen LA, Knoepke CE, Tate CE, Matlock DD. Who is susceptible to online health misinformation? A test of four psychosocial hypotheses. Health Psychol. 2021 Apr;40(4):274-284. doi: 10.1037/hea0000978. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
PubMed 33646806Bin Naeem S, Kamel Boulos MN. COVID-19 Misinformation Online and Health Literacy: A Brief Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 30;18(15):8091. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18158091.
PubMed 34360384Southwick L, Guntuku SC, Klinger EV, Seltzer E, McCalpin HJ, Merchant RM. Characterizing COVID-19 Content Posted to TikTok: Public Sentiment and Response During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health. 2021 Aug;69(2):234-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
PubMed 34167883Tangcharoensathien V, Calleja N, Nguyen T, Purnat T, D'Agostino M, Garcia-Saiso S, Landry M, Rashidian A, Hamilton C, AbdAllah A, Ghiga I, Hill A, Hougendobler D, van Andel J, Nunn M, Brooks I, Sacco PL, De Domenico M, Mai P, Gruzd A, Alaphilippe A, Briand S. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jun 26;22(6):e19659. doi: 10.2196/19659.
PubMed 32558655Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHealth Literacy: Essential Skills for Consumer Health in a Networked World. J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 16;8(2):e9. doi: 10.2196/jmir.8.2.e9.
PubMed 16867972Hu D, Martin C, Dredze M, Broniatowski DA. Chinese social media suggest decreased vaccine acceptance in China: An observational study on Weibo following the 2018 Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident. Vaccine. 2020 Mar 17;38(13):2764-2770. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.027. Epub 2020 Feb 22.
PubMed 32093982Chen L, Wang X, Peng TQ. Nature and Diffusion of Gynecologic Cancer-Related Misinformation on Social Media: Analysis of Tweets. J Med Internet Res. 2018 Oct 16;20(10):e11515. doi: 10.2196/11515.
PubMed 30327289Keelan J, Pavri V, Balakrishnan R, Wilson K. An analysis of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine. 2010 Feb 10;28(6):1535-40. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.060. Epub 2009 Dec 8.
PubMed 20003922Zimet GD, Rosberger Z, Fisher WA, Perez S, Stupiansky NW. Beliefs, behaviors and HPV vaccine: correcting the myths and the misinformation. Prev Med. 2013 Nov;57(5):414-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.013. Epub 2013 May 31.
PubMed 23732252Huang Y, Xu S, Xu Y, Yao D, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu Q. A New Strategy for Cervical Cancer Prevention Among Chinese Women: How Much Do They Know and How Do They React Toward the HPV Immunization? J Cancer Educ. 2021 Apr;36(2):386-394. doi: 10.1007/s13187-019-01642-y.
PubMed 31902089Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Fan Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Nie S. Awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination and its acceptance in China: a meta-analysis of 58 observational studies. BMC Public Health. 2016 Mar 3;16:216. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2873-8.
PubMed 26936076Li K, Li Q, Song L, Wang D, Yin R. The distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus in women in mainland China. Cancer. 2019 Apr 1;125(7):1030-1037. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32003. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
PubMed 30748006Li C, Wu M, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhu L, Pan J, Zhang W. A population-based study on the risks of cervical lesion and human papillomavirus infection among women in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Oct;19(10):2655-64. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0212. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
PubMed 20719907
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 May 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluating the Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Mock-up Fact-checking Extension to Improve Ability to Debunk HPV Vaccine Misinformation Among Parents of Middle School Girls: A Survey Experiment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06405048
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Fact-checking Extension
- Conditions
- HPV Vaccine
- Keywords
- HPV vaccine, knowledge, misinformation, vaccine confidence, fact-checking extension
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 1,200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Fudan UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The University of Hong Kong
- Study start
- 28 Apr 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 May 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 8 May 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary objective of this survey experiment study is to measure the impact of a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension on the ability to dispel HPV and HPV vaccine-related misinformation among parents of middle school girls in China.
Detailed description
This survey experiment study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension on improving the ability to identify HPV and HPV vaccine-related misinformation among parents of middle school girls in three economically diverse regions of China. This includes Shanghai megacity, an urban city in Anhui Province, and rural counties in Anhui Province. The participants will be parents of middle school girls who have not yet received the HPV vaccine. This experiment will randomly assign the participants into intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group will use a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension whereas those in control group will not.
The sample size for this study was determined based on the two primary outcomes: knowledge of the HPV vaccine and the ability to dispel misinformation. A review of the existing literature suggests that the intention or confidence among Chinese parents to vaccinate their children with the HPV vaccine, as well as their knowledge about the vaccine and capability to counteract misinformation, typically ranges from 50% to 70%. We assumed a baseline rate of 60% for both vaccine knowledge and misinformation discernment. It is anticipated that exposure to educational interventions will increase these rates by 10%, elevating them to 70%. Using a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 90%, the required sample size was calculated to be a minimum of 473 participants per group. To accommodate potential variability and to strengthen the robustness of the study, 500 participants will be recruited for each group, maintaining a 1:1 ratio. This approach results in a total sample size of 1,000 participants. Such a sample size ensures that the study is sufficiently powered to detect a significant change in the outcomes of interest.
In this study, 11 mobile Weibo post screenshots were created, covering a range of topics including infertility, safety, vaccine ingredients, high-risk cervical cancer types, regular check-ups, transmission routes, and others.
The participants in both groups will complete a questionnaire consisting of six phases:
- Phase 1 (Baseline Assessment): Participants in both the intervention and control groups will complete a questionnaire covering (a) basic demographic information, (b) HPV vaccine knowledge, (c) HPV vaccine awareness and confidence, and (d) vaccination intentions.
- Phase 2 (Intervention Module 1): Participants in the intervention group will review six Weibo post screenshots, each featuring a mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension. The control group will view identical screenshots, but without the fact-checking extension. Half of these posts will include false information. After viewing each post, those in the intervention group will evaluate a statement related to the Weibo content and corresponding to one of the predefined (b) HPV vaccine knowledge. Their responses will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, considering both the post content and the fact-checking extension's findings. Participants in the control group will assess the same statement based only on the post content, with the same response options.
- Phase 3 (Intervention Module 2): All participants will review four additional Weibo post screenshots, including two containing false information, to evaluate whether exposure to the mock-up fact-checking extension has improved the intervention group's ability to identify false information. The same question format from Intervention Module 1 will be used for responses.
- Phase 4 (Post-intervention Assessment): All participants are required to fill out sections on (c) HPV vaccine awareness and confidence, and (d) vaccine intentions.
- Phase 5 (Intervention Module 3): All participants in both groups will be asked whether they use a mock-up fact-checking extension when viewing Weibo post screenshots. If participants choose 'Yes', they will view a Weibo post screenshot with the extension displayed; if they choose 'No', the extension will not be displayed. The same question format from Intervention Module 1 will be used for responses. This phase aims to assess participants' behaviour regarding the use of the extension.
- Phase 6 (User Experience Assessment): All participants will complete the section (e) the user experience with a mock-up fact-checking extension.
Following the completion of the experiment, a debunking procedure will be conducted for participants in both the intervention and control groups. This is to avoid any potential risks associated with the spread of misinformation on Weibo.
Data analysis will employ Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis, multiple logistic regression, and other suitable statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mock-up fact-checking extension intervention group | Experimental | Other: Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extensionIntervention group participants will engage with three modules: In Module 1, participants will examine six Weibo post screenshots, each featuring a mock-up of a Chinese fact-checking extension. Participants in the intervention group will assess a statement linked to the content of each post, which aligns with predefined HPV vaccine knowledge from section (b). Their response options will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, taking into account both the post and the extension's feedback. In the module 2, participants will review four additional Weibo post screenshots, two of which include false information. Responses will follow the same format used in Module 1. In Module 3, participants will choose whether to view Weibo post screenshots with the fact-checking extension enabled or disabled. If they choose "Yes", the screenshot will be displayed with the extension; if "No", it will be shown without the extension. |
| Control group | No intervention | –Control group participants will participate in three modules: In Modules 1 and 2, they will review six and four Weibo post screenshots, respectively, without the mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension. Participants will evaluate statements linked to the content of each post, aligning with predefined HPV vaccine knowledge from section (b). Their response options will be: 1) Correct, 2) Incorrect, or 3) I don't know, based solely on the content of the posts. In Module 3, participants will choose whether to view Weibo post screenshots with the fact-checking extension enabled or disabled. If they choose "Yes", the screenshot will be displayed with the extension; if "No", it will be shown without the extension. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants must be parents or legal guardians of female students currently enrolled in participating middle school.
- The parent's or guardian's female middle school student must not have received the HPV vaccine, must not have an HPV vaccination appointment scheduled, and must not have any contraindications to receiving the HPV vaccine.
- Participants must be free of mental health disorders or visual/reading disabilities that could prevent their full participation in and completion of the intervention activities.
- Participants must have provided informed consent and expressed a willingness to actively participate throughout the study.
- Exclusion criteria are defined as individuals not meeting the aforementioned inclusion criteria.
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extensionThe intervention in this survey experiment involves mobile Weibo post screenshots equipped with a mock-up Chinese fact-checking browser extension. All screenshots are based on actual Weibo posts. The fact-checking content is generated by a Large Language Model (LLM), tailored to relevant knowledge and prompts, and subsequently validated by experts. The Weibo posts cover a range of popular topics known to contain misinformation, including infertility, safety, vaccine ingredients, high-risk cervical cancer types, regular check-ups, transmission routes, and others. | Other | Mock-up fact-checking extension intervention group |
Primary outcome
Ability to debunk misinformation
Time frame: Day 1, in a single survey
This outcome measures participants' ability to debunk misinformation about the HPV or HPV vaccine. Total debunking scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores reflecting better debunking skills.
4 secondary outcomes
HPV vaccination intention
Time frame: Day 1, in a single survey
HPV vaccine confidence
Time frame: Day 1, in a single survey
Tool acceptance
Time frame: Day 1, in a single survey
User experience of mock-up fact-checking extension
Time frame: Day 1, in a single survey
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 May 2024.
- Background: PubMed 37231110Lee KY, Dabak SV, Kong VH, Park M, Kwok SLL, Silzle M, Rachatan C, Cook A, Passanante A, Pertwee E, Wu Z, Elkin JA, Larson HJ, Lau EHY, Leung K, Wu JT, Lin L. Effectiveness of chatbots on COVID vaccine confidence and acceptance in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore. NPJ Digit Med. 2023 May 25;6(1):96. doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00843-6.
- Background: PubMed 33907522Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of COVID-19: challenges and perspectives. Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Apr 10;17(6):1581-1587. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.58855. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 33646806Scherer LD, McPhetres J, Pennycook G, Kempe A, Allen LA, Knoepke CE, Tate CE, Matlock DD. Who is susceptible to online health misinformation? A test of four psychosocial hypotheses. Health Psychol. 2021 Apr;40(4):274-284. doi: 10.1037/hea0000978. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
- Background: PubMed 34360384Bin Naeem S, Kamel Boulos MN. COVID-19 Misinformation Online and Health Literacy: A Brief Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 30;18(15):8091. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18158091.
- Background: PubMed 34167883Southwick L, Guntuku SC, Klinger EV, Seltzer E, McCalpin HJ, Merchant RM. Characterizing COVID-19 Content Posted to TikTok: Public Sentiment and Response During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health. 2021 Aug;69(2):234-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
- Background: PubMed 32558655Tangcharoensathien V, Calleja N, Nguyen T, Purnat T, D'Agostino M, Garcia-Saiso S, Landry M, Rashidian A, Hamilton C, AbdAllah A, Ghiga I, Hill A, Hougendobler D, van Andel J, Nunn M, Brooks I, Sacco PL, De Domenico M, Mai P, Gruzd A, Alaphilippe A, Briand S. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jun 26;22(6):e19659. doi: 10.2196/19659.
- Background: PubMed 16867972Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHealth Literacy: Essential Skills for Consumer Health in a Networked World. J Med Internet Res. 2006 Jun 16;8(2):e9. doi: 10.2196/jmir.8.2.e9.
- Background: PubMed 32093982Hu D, Martin C, Dredze M, Broniatowski DA. Chinese social media suggest decreased vaccine acceptance in China: An observational study on Weibo following the 2018 Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident. Vaccine. 2020 Mar 17;38(13):2764-2770. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.027. Epub 2020 Feb 22.
- Background: PubMed 30327289Chen L, Wang X, Peng TQ. Nature and Diffusion of Gynecologic Cancer-Related Misinformation on Social Media: Analysis of Tweets. J Med Internet Res. 2018 Oct 16;20(10):e11515. doi: 10.2196/11515.
- Background: PubMed 20003922Keelan J, Pavri V, Balakrishnan R, Wilson K. An analysis of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine. 2010 Feb 10;28(6):1535-40. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.060. Epub 2009 Dec 8.
- Background: PubMed 23732252Zimet GD, Rosberger Z, Fisher WA, Perez S, Stupiansky NW. Beliefs, behaviors and HPV vaccine: correcting the myths and the misinformation. Prev Med. 2013 Nov;57(5):414-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.013. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Background: PubMed 31902089Huang Y, Xu S, Xu Y, Yao D, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu Q. A New Strategy for Cervical Cancer Prevention Among Chinese Women: How Much Do They Know and How Do They React Toward the HPV Immunization? J Cancer Educ. 2021 Apr;36(2):386-394. doi: 10.1007/s13187-019-01642-y.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices), will be shared upon reasonable requests. A written data-sharing request for meta-analysis should be submitted by email with a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to zyhou@fudan.edu.cn; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Zhiyuan Hou, PhD principal investigator
Fudan University
Leesa Lin, PhD principal investigator
The University of Hong Kong
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mobile Weibo post screenshot with mock-up Chinese fact-checking extension in people with HPV Vaccine, run by Fudan University at 2 sites in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 May 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Zhiyuan Hou, PhD (86+21 33563935, zyhou@fudan.edu.cn), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Ability to debunk misinformation (time frame: Day 1, in a single survey). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06405048, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 May 2024.