DehydrationLIV-D2ONCT06414291
Rehydration Efficiency During Ad-libitum Fluid Intake
A study testing Plain Water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier and Liquid IV Sugar Free in people with Dehydration, run by Arizona State University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
It is well established that rehydration with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution is more effective in comparison to plain water. This is primarily based on the sodium-glucose co transporter, based on which the world health organization has based its oral rehydration solution recommendations. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dehydration
- What is being tested?
- Plain Water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier and Liquid IV Sugar Free
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 21 May 2024to 3 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-60 years
- Training at least 2 times per week
- stable weight for the last 2 months (fluctuation less than 5 pounds)
Who cannot join
- Night shifting work
- Thyroid medication
- Bariatric surgery
- Cardiovascular disease
- Renal disease
- Hepatic disease
- Participating in another study at the same time
- Bodyweight over 110 pounds
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building 8
Phoenix, Arizona, 85004
About this study
It is well established that rehydration with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution is more effective in comparison to plain water. This is primarily based on the sodium-glucose co transporter, based on which the world health organization has based its oral rehydration solution recommendations. Also, rehydration with a solution that includes sodium and glucose plasma osmolality should not drop as much as it happens during rehydration with water. As a result, we should have higher fluid intake due to higher thirst perception and lower urinary output due to higher levels of vasopressin.
The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of a electrolyte-glucose drink on rehydration following exercise-induced dehydration.
- Conditions
- Dehydration
- Being tested
- Plain Water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Sugar Free
- Medical subject headings
- Dehydration
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Plain WaterOther
Plain water without calories, sweetener, or electolytes
Liquid IV Hydration MultiplierOther
Drink with 22 grams of carbohydrate, 1020 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Hydration multiplier liquid IV
Liquid IV Sugar FreeOther
10 grams of carbohydrate, 1060 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Sugar free Liquid IV
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Placebo comparator | Rehydration with low mineral content bottle water Receives: Other: Plain Water |
| Carbohydrate Electrolyte solution | Experimental | Drink with 22 grams of carbohydrate, 1020 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Hydration multiplier liquid IV Receives: Other: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier |
| Low Sugar electrolyte solution | Experimental | 10 grams of carbohydrate, 1060 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Sugar free Liquid IV Receives: Other: Liquid IV Sugar Free |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total fluid intake
Total amount of fluid ingested
Measured: 4 hours of rehydration
Net fluid balance
amount of water retained during the rehydration period
Measured: at 4 hours of the rehydration period
Net fluid balance
amount of water retained during the rehydration period
Measured: at 3 hours of the rehydration period
Rate of absorption
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 30 minutes of rehydration
Measured: during the first 30 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 60 minutes of rehydration
Measured: during the first 60 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 120 minutes of rehydration
Measured: during the first 120 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 180 minutes of rehydration
Measured: during the first 180 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 240 minutes of rehydration
Measured: during the first 240 minutes of rehydration
Cumulative urine output
Total amount of urine output during rehydration
Measured: during the first 3 hours of rehydration
Cumulative urine output
Total amount of urine output during rehydration
Measured: during the first 4 hours of rehydration
Secondary outcomes (7)
Plasma copeptin
Plasam Copeptin during rehydration
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Plasma volume
percent of plasma volume recovery during the rehydration
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Free water Clearance
Free water clearance calculated based on plasma and urine osmolality
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Free Osmotic Clearance
Free Osmotic clearance calculated based on plasma and urine osmolality
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Thirst
Thirst estimated with a visual analog scale from 0-125 millimeters with higher value indicating greater perception
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Stomach fullness
Stomach fullness estimated with a visual analog scale from 0-125 millimeters with higher value indicating greater perception
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Taste Likeness
Taste Likeness estimated with a visual analog scale from 0-125 millimeters with higher value indicating greater perception
Measured: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 May 2024
- Study start21 May 2024
- Primary completion2 Dec 2024
- Study completion3 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for DehydrationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Stavros Kavouras, Arizona State University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06414291
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FP00039672
- Acronym
- LIV-D2O
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 7 May 2024
- Last updated
- 28 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Rehydration Efficiency During Ad-libitum Fluid Intake
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06414291
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LIV-D2O / FP00039672
- Conditions
- Dehydration
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 21 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 May 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It is well established that rehydration with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution is more effective in comparison to plain water. This is primarily based on the sodium-glucose co transporter, based on which the world health organization has based its oral rehydration solution recommendations. Also, rehydration with a solution that includes sodium and glucose plasma osmolality should not drop as much as it happens during rehydration with water. As a result, we should have higher fluid intake due to higher thirst perception and lower urinary output due to higher levels of vasopressin.
The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of a electrolyte-glucose drink on rehydration following exercise-induced dehydration.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Placebo comparator | Other: Plain WaterRehydration with low mineral content bottle water |
| Carbohydrate Electrolyte solution | Experimental | Other: Liquid IV Hydration MultiplierDrink with 22 grams of carbohydrate, 1020 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Hydration multiplier liquid IV |
| Low Sugar electrolyte solution | Experimental | Other: Liquid IV Sugar Free10 grams of carbohydrate, 1060 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Sugar free Liquid IV |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age 18-60 years
- Training at least 2 times per week
- stable weight for the last 2 months (fluctuation less than 5 pounds)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Night shifting work
- Thyroid medication
- Bariatric surgery
- Cardiovascular disease
- Renal disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Plain WaterPlain water without calories, sweetener, or electolytes | Other | Water |
| Liquid IV Hydration MultiplierDrink with 22 grams of carbohydrate, 1020 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Hydration multiplier liquid IV | Other | Carbohydrate Electrolyte solution |
| Liquid IV Sugar Free10 grams of carbohydrate, 1060 milligrams of sodium, and 760 milligrams of potassium per liter. Sugar free Liquid IV | Other | Low Sugar electrolyte solution |
Primary outcome
Total fluid intake
Time frame: 4 hours of rehydration
Total amount of fluid ingested
Net fluid balance
Time frame: at 4 hours of the rehydration period
amount of water retained during the rehydration period
Net fluid balance
Time frame: at 3 hours of the rehydration period
amount of water retained during the rehydration period
Rate of absorption
Time frame: during the first 30 minutes of rehydration
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 30 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
Time frame: during the first 60 minutes of rehydration
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 60 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
Time frame: during the first 120 minutes of rehydration
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 120 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
Time frame: during the first 180 minutes of rehydration
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 180 minutes of rehydration
Rate of absorption
Time frame: during the first 240 minutes of rehydration
The rate of Deuterium appearance in the blood during 240 minutes of rehydration
Cumulative urine output
Time frame: during the first 3 hours of rehydration
Total amount of urine output during rehydration
Cumulative urine output
Time frame: during the first 4 hours of rehydration
Total amount of urine output during rehydration
7 secondary outcomes
Plasma copeptin
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Plasma volume
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Free water Clearance
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Free Osmotic Clearance
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Thirst
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Stomach fullness
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Taste Likeness
Time frame: at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours of the rehydration period
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Aug 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Plain Water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier and Liquid IV Sugar Free in people with Dehydration, run by Arizona State University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total fluid intake (time frame: 4 hours of rehydration). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Aug 2025.