AzTrials
AzTrials

BacteremiaNCT06419296

Mortality of MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremias with the Combined Use of Ceftazidime-avibactam and Aztreonam Vs. Other Active Antibiotics. a Multicenter Target Trial Emulation.

An observational study of Bacteremia, run by Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires at 16 sites in Argentina.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam combination (CAZAVI + ATM) presents a potential alternative for the treatment of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) bacteremia, particularly where Cefiderocol is not readily available. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Bacteremia
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
How many people
265 participants
Where
16 sitesArgentina
Study dates
1 Jun 2024to 19 Nov 2024
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: The study will include a cohort of hospitalized patients from Argentine hospitals. Hospital centers will be invited to participate through the network of the Argentine Society of Medicine (SAM), the Argentine Society of Intensive Care (SATI) and the Argentine Society Of Infectious Diseases (SADI).

Who may be able to join

  • Patients aged 18 years or older
  • Confirmed bacteremia by MBL-type Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE)
  • Initiation of effective antibiotic therapy within 24 hours of identification of MBL-type CPE and within 96 hours of blood sample.

Who cannot join

  • Bacteremia due to the following complicated infections:
  • Endocarditis or other endovascular infection without extractable focus.
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Osteomyelitis or septic arthritis
  • Confirmed prostatitis
  • Non-drainable abscess or other unresolved infection requiring surgical intervention (e.g., cholecystitis)
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Central nervous system infections
  • Empyema
  • Successive episodes of bacteremia by the same pathogen (with the same resistance profile) within the previous 60 days.
  • Polymicrobial bacteremias, not classified as contaminants.
  • Patients with documented allergy to beta-lactams.

Trial locations and contacts

16 sites in 1 country.

16 sites in 1 country

Argentina16 sites
  • Hospital Municipal de Agudos Dr. Leónidas Lucero

    Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, 8000

  • Sanatorio Franchin

    Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1039

  • Hospital Alemán

    Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1118

  • Hospital de Infecciosas Francisco Javier Muñiz

    Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1282

  • Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires

    Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1425

  • Hospital Médico Policial Churruca Visca

    Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires F.D., 1437

  • Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba

    Córdoba, Córdoba Province, 5016

  • Hospital Interdistrital Evita

    Formosa, Formosa Province, 3600

  • Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos ''Profesor Dr. Luis Güemes''

    Haedo, Buenos Aires, 1706

  • Hospital de Alta Complejidad del Bicentenario Esteban Echeverria

    Monte Grande, Buenos Aires, 1842

  • Hospital Universitario Austral

    Pilar, Buenos Aires, 1629

  • Hospital Italiano Rosario

    Rosario, Santa Fe Province, 2001

  • Hospital Municipal Central de San Isidro "Dr. Melchor Ángel Posse"

    San Isidro, Buenos Aires, 1641

  • Hospital José Bernardo Iturraspe

    Santa Fe, Santa Fe Province, 3000

  • Hospital José María Cullen

    Santa Fe, Santa Fe Province, 3000

  • Hospital Presidente Perón

    Sarandí, Buenos Aires, 1872

Other trials in Argentina

About this study

Ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam combination (CAZAVI + ATM) presents a potential alternative for the treatment of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) bacteremia, particularly where Cefiderocol is not readily available.

This study proposes a Target Trial Emulation (TTE) to assess the efficacy and safety of CAZAVI + ATM compared to other active antibiotics (OAAs) in patients with MBL-type CPE bacteremia, and also to evaluate all-cause 30-day mortality, resistance profiles of isolated microorganisms, clinical failure rates, leukocyte count normalization, adverse events, occurrence of Clostridium difficile infection, and emergence of new multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Read more

Data will be collected through the REDCap database, with rigorous verification for completeness and accuracy.

The outcomes of this project will contribute vital insights into the efficacy and safety of CAZAVI + ATM, informing clinical practice guidelines for the management of MBL-type bacteremia across diverse settings.

Read the detailed description

Patients will be categorized into two treatment groups for analysis:

CAZAVI + ATM treatment group and Other Active Antibiotics treatment group. As this study is retrospective, treatment group assignment will not be a randomized procedure. Allocation data will be collected from medical records as a dichotomous variable.

In the present study, allocation to CAZAVI + ATM or OAAs will depend on various factors such as drug availability, hospital costs, and medical criteria. Therefore, to ensure comparability among participant characteristics, baseline factors will be adjusted to mitigate indication bias.

To simulate randomization at baseline (identification of MBL-type CPE in blood samples), ensuring comparability between treatment groups, several covariates will be balanced: age, sex, comorbidities (Charlson score), Pitt score, immunosuppression with neutropenia, immunosuppression without neutropenia, days of hospitalization prior to culture, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, days of effective antibiotic treatment between blood culture and positivization [25]. Also, as this is a multicenter study, it will be adjusted for the characteristics of the center (public-private), including a total of 10 variables to be adjusted for.

The start of the follow-up period (Time Zero or T0) will be defined by the identification of MBL-type CPE in at least one clinical blood sample (blood culture or PCR). From this point on, all patients will be followed up. A 24-hour grace period will be considered from the identification of MBL-type CPE until the patient initiates either of the two treatment groups.

To mitigate immortality bias, the initiation of both treatment strategies will synchronize with the eligibility criteria at Time Zero of follow-up. Thus, every patient must remain alive from blood culture collection until MBL detection to be eligible for inclusion in the study, and antibiotic treatment must be initiated within 24 hours of detection. All enrolled patients will be followed until 30 days after inclusion in the study, death, or hospital discharge, whichever occurs first.

A sample calculation was performed to test the null hypothesis of equality in the proportion of deaths among patients who received CAZAVI + ATM vs. OAAs. Falcone et al. reported a 19% mortality rate 30 days after inclusion in the CAZAVI + ATM arm and a 44% mortality rate in patients with OAAs. However, for the present study we consider an 80% power is necessary to detect a clinically relevant difference of 15%, therefore we expect a mortality of 34% in the OAAs arm and 19% in the CAZAVI + ATM arm. With an alpha of 5%, two-tailed test, expected ratio CAZAVI + ATM/OAAs of 1:1, a sample size of 270 patients (135 for each branch) is calculated.

Finally, to address indication bias, an adjustment will be made with Propensity Score (PS) matching. Considering 10 confounders entered into the model, at least 10 to 20 events will be required for each variable. Therefore, as the outcome of the PS will be the CAZAVI + ATM exposure variable, at least 150 patients in the CAZAVI + ATM branch will be required. Thus,we consider the calculation of 300 patients, 150 per branch.

A meticulous data collection plan will be carried out to ensure accuracy and confidentiality of the information collected. The following procedures will be implemented:

Data source: Data will be obtained from paper or electronic medical records from each participating center. Patient tracking will be done through the bacteriology records of each hospital center.

Data recording: Variables for each patient will be uploaded to a centralized REDCap database. The principal investigator and associated investigators of each participating center will be responsible for data upload. To maintain privacy and confidentiality, each patient will receive a randomly generated registration number to anonymize their identity in the database.

Data access: Access to center-specific data will be restricted to the principal investigators. Researchers will access REDCap using personal credentials, limiting data access to authorized personnel only.

Confidentiality and anonymization: Adherence to legal provisions, such as the Argentinian National Personal Data Protection (number 25.326) and the Habeas Data, will be strictly complied with in order to protect the confidentiality and privacy of the patients involved in the study. All collected data will be anonymized, devoid of patient identifiers.

Data storage: Once the data upload is completed, the entire database will be stored under password and will only be available to the principal investigators of the study. All necessary precautions will be taken to ensure that the data are maintained in a secure and reliable environment.

The research team is dedicated to upholding data privacy, complying with legal regulations, and conducting the study ethically and responsibly.

Conditions
Bacteremia
Keywords
multicenter, target trial emulation, bacteremia, metallo-beta-lactamase, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, ceftazidime-avibactam aztreonam
Medical subject headings
Bacteremia

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT06419296
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
CAZAVI + ATMpatients who received antibiotic therapy with a standard bacteremia treatment dose of Ceftazidima-Avibactam + Aztreonam (2.5 grams every 8 hours of ceftazidime-avibactam + 2 grams every 8 hours of aztreonam). Dosage adjustments for prolonged infusion or according to renal function will be considered.
Other Active Antibiotics treatment groupPatients who received a combination or at least one of the following antibiotics, with doses adjusted according to renal function: Colistin: 300 mg loading and 150 mg maintenance every 12 hours. Meropenem: 1000 or 2000 mg every 8 hours via infusion in 30 minutes or 3 hours. Fosfomycin: 12 to 24 grams per day, divided every 6 to 8 hours. Aminoglycoside (amikacin: 15 mg/kg/24 hours or gentamicin: 7 mg/kg/24 hours). Tigecycline: 100 or 200 mg loading and 50 or 100 mg maintenance every 12 hours.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. All-cause mortality

    death from any cause

    Measured: within 30 days from the initiation of treatment (follow-up period)

Secondary outcomes (6)
  1. Describe the resistance profile of the isolated microorganisms

    including the associated enzymatic mechanisms

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

  2. Compare clinical failure

    presence of 1) Relapse: recurrent bacteremia due to the same bacteria; 2) Restart of antibiotic therapy targeting the same germs; 3) Local suppurative complication that was not present at the beginning of the infection; 4) Distant complications of the initial infection (defined by the growth of the same bacteria causing the initial bacteremia in distant sites)

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

  3. Compare the number of days to normalization of the leukocyte count in the laboratory

    (leukocyte count less than 12x109/L). (leukocyte co(leukocyte count less than 12x109/L).unt less than 12x109/L)

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

  4. Compare the proportion of adverse events

    including: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, skin reactions and ion-losing tubulopathy

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

  5. compare the occurrence of Clostridium difficile infection

    Appearance of positive C. difficile toxin or positive C. difficile PCR

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

  6. compare the occurrence of new multidrug-resistant microorganisms

    such as KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, OXA or EVR-producing CLD, detected in both clinical and surveillance samples

    Measured: 30-day follow-up period

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted17 May 2024
  2. Study start1 Jun 2024
  3. Primary completion19 Nov 2024
  4. Study completion19 Nov 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrolment
265 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06419296
Sponsor's protocol ID
6915
Status last verified
Nov 2024
First submitted
14 May 2024
Last updated
21 Nov 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • van Duin D, Doi Y. The global epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Virulence. 2017 May 19;8(4):460-469. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1222343. Epub 2016 Aug 11.

    PubMed 27593176
  • Zhou R, Fang X, Zhang J, Zheng X, Shangguan S, Chen S, Shen Y, Liu Z, Li J, Zhang R, Shen J, Walsh TR, Wang Y. Impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality in patients infected with Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 14;11(12):e054971. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054971.

    PubMed 34907071
  • Lee YL, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Geographic patterns of global isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and the activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, and comparators against these isolates: Results from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program, 2020. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2022 Nov-Dec;60(5-6):106679. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106679. Epub 2022 Oct 12.

    PubMed 36241011
  • Tsolaki V, Mantzarlis K, Mpakalis A, Malli E, Tsimpoukas F, Tsirogianni A, Papagiannitsis C, Zygoulis P, Papadonta ME, Petinaki E, Makris D, Zakynthinos E. Ceftazidime-Avibactam To Treat Life-Threatening Infections by Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Feb 21;64(3):e02320-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02320-19. Print 2020 Feb 21.

    PubMed 31818820
  • El Nekidy WS, Al Ali M, Abidi E, Ghazi IM, Attallah N, El Lababidi R, Mooty M, Ghosn M, Mallat J. Microbiologic outcomes of ceftazidime-avibactam dosing in patients with sepsis utilizing renal replacement therapies. Hemodial Int. 2023 Jul;27(3):289-295. doi: 10.1111/hdi.13090. Epub 2023 May 5.

    PubMed 37144742
  • Caston JJ, Cano A, Perez-Camacho I, Aguado JM, Carratala J, Ramasco F, Soriano A, Pintado V, Castelo-Corral L, Sousa A, Farinas MC, Munoz P, Abril Lopez De Medrano V, Sanz-Pelaez O, Los-Arcos I, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Perez-Nadales E, Vidal E, Doblas A, Natera C, Martinez-Martinez L, Torre-Cisneros J. Impact of ceftazidime/avibactam versus best available therapy on mortality from infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CAVICOR study). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022 Apr 27;77(5):1452-1460. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac049.

    PubMed 35187577
  • Zheng G, Cai J, Zhang L, Chen D, Wang L, Qiu Y, Deng H, Bai H, Bian X, He J. Ceftazidime/Avibactam-Based Versus Polymyxin B-Based Therapeutic Regimens for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Oct;11(5):1917-1934. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00682-0. Epub 2022 Aug 17.

    PubMed 35976531
  • Qu J, Xu J, Liu Y, Hu C, Zhong C, Lv X. Real-world effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam versus polymyxin B in treating patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2023 Aug;62(2):106872. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106872. Epub 2023 May 27.

    PubMed 37247645
  • Yang P, Li Y, Wang X, Chen N, Lu X. Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam versus polymyxins in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023 May 3;13(5):e070491. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070491.

    PubMed 37137556
  • Nagvekar V, Shah A, Unadkat VP, Chavan A, Kohli R, Hodgar S, Ashpalia A, Patil N, Kamble R. Clinical Outcome of Patients on Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Combination Therapy in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021 Jul;25(7):780-784. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23863.

    PubMed 34316172
  • Marshall S, Hujer AM, Rojas LJ, Papp-Wallace KM, Humphries RM, Spellberg B, Hujer KM, Marshall EK, Rudin SD, Perez F, Wilson BM, Wasserman RB, Chikowski L, Paterson DL, Vila AJ, van Duin D, Kreiswirth BN, Chambers HF, Fowler VG Jr, Jacobs MR, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ, Bonomo RA. Can Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam Overcome beta-Lactam Resistance Conferred by Metallo-beta-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Mar 24;61(4):e02243-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02243-16. Print 2017 Apr.

    PubMed 28167541
  • Falcone M, Daikos GL, Tiseo G, Bassoulis D, Giordano C, Galfo V, Leonildi A, Tagliaferri E, Barnini S, Sani S, Farcomeni A, Ghiadoni L, Menichetti F. Efficacy of Ceftazidime-avibactam Plus Aztreonam in Patients With Bloodstream Infections Caused by Metallo-beta-lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 1;72(11):1871-1878. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa586.

    PubMed 32427286
  • Hoffman KL, Schenck EJ, Satlin MJ, Whalen W, Pan D, Williams N, Diaz I. Comparison of a Target Trial Emulation Framework vs Cox Regression to Estimate the Association of Corticosteroids With COVID-19 Mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Oct 3;5(10):e2234425. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.34425.

    PubMed 36190729
  • Huttner A, Albrich WC, Bochud PY, Gayet-Ageron A, Rossel A, Dach EV, Harbarth S, Kaiser L. PIRATE project: point-of-care, informatics-based randomised controlled trial for decreasing overuse of antibiotic therapy in Gram-negative bacteraemia. BMJ Open. 2017 Jul 13;7(7):e017996. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017996.

    PubMed 28710229
  • Tingsgard S, Bastrup Israelsen S, Ostergaard C, Benfield T. Emulating a Target Trial of Shorter Compared to Longer Course of Antibiotic Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 17;78(2):292-300. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad670.

    PubMed 37949816

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Bacteremia, run by Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires at 16 sites in Argentina.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 16 sites in Argentina. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

All-cause mortality (time frame: within 30 days from the initiation of treatment (follow-up period)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06419296, which also lists 15 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Nov 2024.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in