Health PromotionNCT06419465
SCT-Based Health Promotion in Older Adults
A study testing Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program and Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse in people with Health Promotion and Older Adults (65 Years and Older), run by Akdeniz University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study will be conducted to compare the effects of Peer- and Nurse-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Programs Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on the health behaviors of older adults. This research will be carried out in two stages as a mixed-methods study with an embedded mixed-method design. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Health Promotion, Older Adults (65 Years and Older)
- What is being tested?
- Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program and Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 108 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2025to Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Older adults aged 65 and over classified as low (for women: 0-4 points; for men: 0-3 points) or moderate (for women: 5-8 points; for men: 4-6 points) according to the Health Promotion and Prevention Behavior Checklist,
- Those who attend the elderly center where the study will be conducted at least once a week,
- Those who reside in the study province,
- Those who have and can use a smartphone,
- Those who can speak and understand Turkish,
- Those who scored nine or above on the Short Form of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (considered to have sufficient cognitive status to participate in the interview),
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- Those who scored three or above on the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale (semi-dependent and independent),
- Those who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily,
- Only one older adult from the same household was included in the study.
Who cannot join
- Those who had previously participated in similar studies related to health promotion and prevention were not included in the study.
- Withdrawal and Loss to Follow-up Criteria
- Those who wished to withdraw from the study,
- Those who moved to another location outside the study setting,
- Those who were hospitalized for more than one week due to various reasons during the study period,
- Those who, according to their own statement, had a general health condition not suitable to continue the study,
- Those who died during the study period,
- Those who completed the pre-test but did not participate in the interventions were excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
Antalya, 07070
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of Social Cognitive Theory-Based Peer- and Nurse-Led Health Promotion and Prevention Education Programs on the Health Behavıors of Older Adults: A Study Protocol
This study will be conducted to compare the effects of Peer- and Nurse-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Programs Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on the health behaviors of older adults. This research will be carried out in two stages as a mixed-methods study with an embedded mixed-method design. The first stage has been planned as a parallel two-arm non-randomized experimental study. This stage will be conducted between October and December 2025 in two separate elderly homes where older adults are densely located in the Muratpaşa district of Antalya province. The sample size has been calculated as 108 older adults (Intervention-1 Peer Leadership: 54, Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership: 54). In the Intervention-1 group, the intervention will be implemented for 12 weeks through the Health Protection and Promotion Training Program Based on SCT under peer leadership, and the same interventions will be carried out in the Intervention-2 group under nurse leadership. Outcomes will be measured before the intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention using the Elderly Health Promotion Scale, Health Protection and Promotion Behavior Checklist, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Health Seeking Behavior Scale. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the intervention process and experiences multidimensionally, it is aimed to deeply understand the experiences of older adults receiving peer-led intervention, older adults receiving nurse-led intervention, and peer leaders by using multiple data sources within the framework of qualitative research and a phenomenological approach. In the qualitative phase, the data will be collected based on the maximum variation sampling method through face-to-face in-depth individual interviews using semi-structured interview forms in the workshops of both elderly homes in January 2026.
- Being tested
- Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program, Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse
- Keywords
- peer education program, nurse, health protection and promotion, Social Cognitive Theory, older adults
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training ProgramBehavioural
The Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program based on SCT aims to improve health behaviors, increase self-efficacy, and promote appropriate health-seeking behaviors among older adults with low or moderate levels of health promotion practices. Implemented in the Intervention-1 group, this program is defined as the ÖNDER (Self-efficacious Individuals-Qualified Guidance-Experience Sharing-Active Participation-Role Model) Program and was developed according to the Taba-Tyler Model. The program includes interactive group education; demonstration and guided use of Google Fit and E-Pulse applications; WhatsApp groups for peer interaction; peer walking activities; individual phone calls; digital reminders (messages, brochures, videos); peer meetings; and achievement badges. Interventions will be conducted by peer leaders in the workshop classroom and garden of the elderly home.
Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health NurseBehavioural
The SCT-based Nurse-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program implemented in the Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership group has the same aim, duration, and weekly plan as the Intervention-1 Peer Leadership group and is conducted under nurse leadership. The program applied to the Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership group is briefly defined as the REHBER (Reflection-Education-Nurse Leadership-Information-Activation-Routine Formation) Program. The SCT-based Health Protection and Promotion Training Program provided to this group was also developed according to the Taba-Tyler Model.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program |
| Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Elderly Health Promotion Scale
The Elderly Health Promotion Scale, developed by Wang et al. (2015), assesses health-promoting behaviors in individuals aged 65 and over and consists of 22 items and six subdimensions. Its Turkish validity and reliability were established by Gulsoy and Senturan (2020). The subdimensions include Health Behaviors, Participation in Society, Health Responsibility, Healthy Eating, Regular Exercise, and Oral Health.
The four-point Likert scale ranges from "never" (1) to "always" (4), with total scores between 22 and 88; higher scores indicate greater engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Subscale scores are obtained by summing relevant items. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.91 for subdimensions, with an overall reliability of 0.85 (Gulsoy and Senturan, 2020).
Measured: Change in health promotion behavior assessment score from baseline to week 12
Health Promotion and Prevention Behavior Checklist
This form was developed based on the literature to assess health promotion and prevention behaviors among individuals aged 65 and over (Gulsoy and Senturan, 2020; Ministry of Health, 2023). It includes items on the Elderly Health Promotion Scale, immunization, chronic disease screenings, smoking, obesity, and cancer screenings. Responses are coded as "Yes: 1" and "No: 0." Based on total scores, behaviors are classified as low, moderate, or high, with gender-specific cut-off points. Additionally, health promotion behavior is evaluated as insufficient or sufficient according to the scale score. Content validity was established using the Davis technique with input from 10 experts, yielding a high CVI of 0.96 (Davis, 1992).
Measured: Change in health promotion and prevention behaviors from baseline to week 12
General Self-Efficacy Scale
The General Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Jerusalem and Schwarzer and later revised to 10 items, was adapted into Turkish by Aypay (2010). It is a four-point Likert scale (1=not at all true to 4=completely true), with total scores ranging from 10 to 40; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.83.
Measured: Change in general self-efficacy score from baseline to week 12
Health-Seeking Behavior Scale
The Health-Seeking Behavior Scale, developed by Kirac and Ozturk (2021), consists of 12 items across three subdimensions: online, professional, and traditional seeking behaviors. It is a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), where higher mean scores indicate greater health-seeking behavior. The scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.76.
Measured: Change in health-seeking behavior score from baseline to week 12
Secondary outcomes (2)
Google Fit Mobile Application Use Checklist
The Google Fit Mobile Application Use Checklist consists of six items assessing the ability to log into the mobile application, start the application while walking, access the average walking duration (daily, weekly, and monthly) through the application, and set walking goals (in terms of duration). The responses to the checklist, which was developed based on the features available in the mobile application, were recorded as "Yes" and "No," and the use of the Google Fit mobile application among older adults was evaluated using an objective measurement tool.
Measured: Change in Google Fit Mobile Application Use Checklist score from baseline to week 12
E-Pulse Mobile Application Use Checklist
The E-Pulse Mobile Application Use Checklist consists of 24 items and was developed based on the features available in the E-pulse mobile application. The responses to this checklist were recorded as "Yes" and "No," and the use of the E-Pulse mobile application among older adults was evaluated using an objective measurement tool.
Measured: Change in E-Pulse Mobile Application Use Checklist score from baseline to week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 May 2024
- Study start1 Oct 2025
- Primary completion31 Dec 2025
- Study completionJul 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Health PromotionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Akdeniz UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Akdeniz University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Merve SIKLAROGLU, Akdeniz University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06419465
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0286
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 14 May 2024
- Last updated
- 5 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Social Cognitive Theory-Based Peer- and Nurse-Led Health Promotion and Prevention Education Programs on the Health Behavıors of Older Adults: A Study Protocol
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06419465
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0286
- Keywords
- peer education program, nurse, health protection and promotion, Social Cognitive Theory, older adults
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 108 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Akdeniz UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 May 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will be conducted to compare the effects of Peer- and Nurse-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Programs Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on the health behaviors of older adults. This research will be carried out in two stages as a mixed-methods study with an embedded mixed-method design. The first stage has been planned as a parallel two-arm non-randomized experimental study. This stage will be conducted between October and December 2025 in two separate elderly homes where older adults are densely located in the Muratpaşa district of Antalya province. The sample size has been calculated as 108 older adults (Intervention-1 Peer Leadership: 54, Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership: 54). In the Intervention-1 group, the intervention will be implemented for 12 weeks through the Health Protection and Promotion Training Program Based on SCT under peer leadership, and the same interventions will be carried out in the Intervention-2 group under nurse leadership. Outcomes will be measured before the intervention and 12 weeks after the intervention using the Elderly Health Promotion Scale, Health Protection and Promotion Behavior Checklist, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Health Seeking Behavior Scale. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the intervention process and experiences multidimensionally, it is aimed to deeply understand the experiences of older adults receiving peer-led intervention, older adults receiving nurse-led intervention, and peer leaders by using multiple data sources within the framework of qualitative research and a phenomenological approach. In the qualitative phase, the data will be collected based on the maximum variation sampling method through face-to-face in-depth individual interviews using semi-structured interview forms in the workshops of both elderly homes in January 2026.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program | Experimental | Behavioral: Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program |
| Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse | Experimental | Behavioral: Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Older adults aged 65 and over classified as low (for women: 0-4 points; for men: 0-3 points) or moderate (for women: 5-8 points; for men: 4-6 points) according to the Health Promotion and Prevention Behavior Checklist,
- Those who attend the elderly center where the study will be conducted at least once a week,
- Those who reside in the study province,
- Those who have and can use a smartphone,
- Those who can speak and understand Turkish,
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Those who had previously participated in similar studies related to health promotion and prevention were not included in the study.
- Withdrawal and Loss to Follow-up Criteria
- Those who wished to withdraw from the study,
- Those who moved to another location outside the study setting,
- Those who were hospitalized for more than one week due to various reasons during the study period,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training ProgramThe Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program based on SCT aims to improve health behaviors, increase self-efficacy, and promote appropriate health-seeking behaviors among older adults with low or moderate levels of health promotion practices. Implemented in the Intervention-1 group, this program is defined as the ÖNDER (Self-efficacious Individuals-Qualified Guidance-Experience Sharing-Active Participation-Role Model) Program and was developed according to the Taba-Tyler Model. The program includes interactive group education; demonstration and guided use of Google Fit and E-Pulse applications; WhatsApp groups for peer interaction; peer walking activities; individual phone calls; digital reminders (messages, brochures, videos); peer meetings; and achievement badges. Interventions will be conducted by peer leaders in the workshop classroom and garden of the elderly home. | Behavioural | Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program |
| Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health NurseThe SCT-based Nurse-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program implemented in the Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership group has the same aim, duration, and weekly plan as the Intervention-1 Peer Leadership group and is conducted under nurse leadership. The program applied to the Intervention-2 Nurse Leadership group is briefly defined as the REHBER (Reflection-Education-Nurse Leadership-Information-Activation-Routine Formation) Program. The SCT-based Health Protection and Promotion Training Program provided to this group was also developed according to the Taba-Tyler Model. | Behavioural | Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse |
Primary outcome
Elderly Health Promotion Scale
Time frame: Change in health promotion behavior assessment score from baseline to week 12
The Elderly Health Promotion Scale, developed by Wang et al. (2015), assesses health-promoting behaviors in individuals aged 65 and over and consists of 22 items and six subdimensions. Its Turkish validity and reliability were established by Gulsoy and Senturan (2020). The subdimensions include Health Behaviors, Participation in Society, Health Responsibility, Healthy Eating, Regular Exercise, and Oral Health. The four-point Likert scale ranges from "never" (1) to "always" (4), with total scores between 22 and 88; higher scores indicate greater engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Subscale scores are obtained by summing relevant items. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.91 for subdimensions, with an overall reliability of 0.85 (Gulsoy and Senturan, 2020).
Health Promotion and Prevention Behavior Checklist
Time frame: Change in health promotion and prevention behaviors from baseline to week 12
This form was developed based on the literature to assess health promotion and prevention behaviors among individuals aged 65 and over (Gulsoy and Senturan, 2020; Ministry of Health, 2023). It includes items on the Elderly Health Promotion Scale, immunization, chronic disease screenings, smoking, obesity, and cancer screenings. Responses are coded as "Yes: 1" and "No: 0." Based on total scores, behaviors are classified as low, moderate, or high, with gender-specific cut-off points. Additionally, health promotion behavior is evaluated as insufficient or sufficient according to the scale score. Content validity was established using the Davis technique with input from 10 experts, yielding a high CVI of 0.96 (Davis, 1992).
General Self-Efficacy Scale
Time frame: Change in general self-efficacy score from baseline to week 12
The General Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Jerusalem and Schwarzer and later revised to 10 items, was adapted into Turkish by Aypay (2010). It is a four-point Likert scale (1=not at all true to 4=completely true), with total scores ranging from 10 to 40; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.83.
Health-Seeking Behavior Scale
Time frame: Change in health-seeking behavior score from baseline to week 12
The Health-Seeking Behavior Scale, developed by Kirac and Ozturk (2021), consists of 12 items across three subdimensions: online, professional, and traditional seeking behaviors. It is a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), where higher mean scores indicate greater health-seeking behavior. The scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.76.
2 secondary outcomes
Google Fit Mobile Application Use Checklist
Time frame: Change in Google Fit Mobile Application Use Checklist score from baseline to week 12
E-Pulse Mobile Application Use Checklist
Time frame: Change in E-Pulse Mobile Application Use Checklist score from baseline to week 12
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 May 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Peer-Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Program and Health Protection and Promotion Training Program under the Leadership of a Public Health Nurse in people with Health Promotion and Older Adults (65 Years and Older), run by Akdeniz University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Elderly Health Promotion Scale (time frame: Change in health promotion behavior assessment score from baseline to week 12). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 May 2026.