Bias, ImplicitNCT06487351
Intervention to Reduce Implicit Bias in Pharmacies
A study testing The adapted PHBI and The NIH Implicit Bias course in people with Bias, Implicit and HIV, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will follow the ADAPT-ITT model to apply the Prejudice Habit Breaking Intervention (PHBI) to pharmacists who have experience with or are willing to prescribe PrEP. We will first collect qualitative data through focus group discussions guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) on… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Bias, Implicit, HIV, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
- What is being tested?
- The adapted PHBI and The NIH Implicit Bias course
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 70 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2027to Jul 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Three types of participants will be included
- Pharmacy interns:
- Pharmacy intern (non-licensed individual undergoing training and preparations for licensure examination).
- Currently registered as a regular student in the School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences at Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
- Doing the internship in pharmacies located in cities with the highest average annual rate of HIV infection diagnosis in Suffolk County, MA.
- Experience with PrEP (counsel PrEP candidates, complete PrEP continuing education activity, or awareness with current CDC guidelines on PrEP use) OR willingness to prescribe PrEP in the future (will be measured with one Yes/No question: "Are you willing to prescribe PrEP in the future?)
Show all 11Show fewer
- Moderate to high preference for White people as measured by the Implicit Association Test.
- Pharmacy managers
- Defined as an individual designated by a pharmacy owner to manage a pharmacy.
- Pharmacy managers of pharmacies located in the same areas described above.
- Pharmacy policymaker defined as official employee of the Boards of Registration in Pharmacy whose role is directly related to community pharmacy practice (e.g., director of pharmacy compliance).
Who cannot join
- Inability to provide consent (e.g., intoxication), unwillingness to provide consent
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
Jessica Haberer
About this study
Official title: The Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Pharmacists' Racial Bias Towards People of Color at Risk of HIV
This study will follow the ADAPT-ITT model to apply the Prejudice Habit Breaking Intervention (PHBI) to pharmacists who have experience with or are willing to prescribe PrEP. We will first collect qualitative data through focus group discussions guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) on determinants related to the intervention itself, pharmacists, and the community pharmacy context that may impact implementation of the PHBI. Then, we will use this information to adapt the PHBI in an iterative process involving topic experts, pharmacists, and PrEP users. We will then determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the adapted PHBI to reduce implicit racial bias.
Read the detailed description
People of color (POC) accounted for nearly 70% of HIV new cases in the US in 2020, compared to 26% of new infections occurring among White individuals. Significant further racial disparities exist in the PrEP care continuum. For example, per the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 66% of White people eligible for PrEP received prescriptions compared to 26% of POC.
To expand access to PrEP, the role of the pharmacist in HIV care is increasing. In the context of PrEP, pharmacists may assess eligibility for PrEP, initiate it, monitor use, and provide counseling. Pharmacist-led PrEP clinics are growing in the US. For example, a pharmacy-based PrEP program in Washington succeeded in initiating PrEP for nearly 700 individuals, of whom (74%) started PrEP on the day of their initial appointment.
Most health care providers, including pharmacists, have implicit racial bias in favor of White people. A study among nearly 100 pharmacy students showed that two-thirds of them had racial biases against Black people. PHBI is an effective intervention based on a solid, scientific model of cognitive-behavioral change that teaches and trains individuals on multiple implicit bias mitigation strategies while respecting their autonomy and empowering them to sustain change efforts. In comparison to numerous other implicit bias interventions that had only a transient impact, the PHBI produced long-term effects in implicit bias measures. Simulation-based learning has been shown to increase opportunities for repetitive deliberate practice, including in pharmacy settings, and can be applied to this intervention; therefore, it may be an ideal approach to practice anti-bias mitigation strategies within the PHBI, thus advancing impact with potential for scalable implementation.
Implicit racial bias represents a key barrier to achieving the expected benefits of pharmacist-led PrEP clinics to reduce disparities; however, no previous work has focused on this area. While other barriers exist to PrEP uptake and use, the proposed intervention could play a critical role in expanding PrEP access to POC. We will adapt the intervention for pharmacists through use of the eight-phase ADAPT-ITT model. We will use HEIF to identify determinants of intervention implementation. We will then adapt the PHBI accordingly. Finally, we will test the adapted intervention in pharmacy interns recruited through the Bouvé College of Health Sciences in Boston, Massachusetts. We hypothesize that the adapted intervention will be acceptable and feasible with preliminary evidence of reduction in implicit racial bias. We will randomize 70 pharmacy interns 1:1 in a pilot trial comparing the adapted intervention versus a control involving an online NIH course on implicit bias. The trial outcomes will be acceptability and feasibility of the adapted PHBI as determined by mixed method interviews and process measures. Preliminary impact of the intervention in reducing implicit racial bias will be assessed by the Race Implicit Association Test as an effectiveness outcome at 8 weeks post-intervention. We will also qualitatively elicit feedback from 10 pharmacy managers and pharmacy policymakers on the trial findings.
- Conditions
- Bias, Implicit, HIV, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
- Being tested
- The adapted PHBI, The NIH Implicit Bias course
- Medical subject headings
- Bias, Implicit
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The adapted PHBIBehavioural
The adapted intervention is expected to be an online 60-minute video with an educational part about implicit racial bias, its consequences in healthcare inequalities, how to mitigate it, and seven case scenarios (5 minutes each) to train pharmacy interns on aspects related to cultural competency and how and when to use IBMS to reduce the impact of bias on prescribing PrEP for people of color.
The NIH Implicit Bias courseBehavioural
The NIH Implicit Bias course consists of three modules designed to teach users what bias is, how to recognize it, and how to minimize its impact
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| The adapted PHBI | Experimental | Participants will complete an online lecture on PrEP care (with a knowledge test), followed by the Medical Cooperativeness IAT and a self-efficacy assessment for mitigating implicit bias. They will then watch a neuroscience-based lecture on implicit bias (30 min, in 5-min modules with comprehension checks). A mindfulness activity and three short videos on anti-bias strategies will follow, with brainstorming exercises. One week later, a 3-hour workshop will include prebriefing, reflection on test scores, mindfulness, rewatching videos, debriefing, role-playing, and a post-intervention self-efficacy assessment. Participants will practice bias-reduction strategies, record their applications in a diary, and provide feedback on usage, effectiveness, and experiences. Receives: Behavioral: The adapted PHBI |
| NIH Implicit Bias course | Active comparator | Control group
1. Participants watch online lecture fundamentals of providing PrEP care (followed by knowledge test)
2. Participants take the medical cooperativeness IAT and self-efficacy for mitigating IB.
3. Participants watch online recorded lecture on implicit bias as described above. Receives: Behavioral: The NIH Implicit Bias course |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Acceptability of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire
Acceptability will be assessed in all participants by the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)
Measured: 8 weeks
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire
Feasibility will be assessed in all participants by the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM)
Measured: 8 weeks
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Observed length of recruitment time
As a measure of feasibility, we will evaluate how many weeks are needed to recruit our desired study sample
Measured: 8 weeks
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Self-reported video completion
As a measure of feasibility, we will measure the number strategy videos completed
Measured: 8 weeks
Feasibility of the adapted intervention-Observed retention rate
As a measure of feasibility, we will measure how many participants complete their final follow-up visit
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Reduction of implicit racial bias
Impact of the intervention on reducing implicit bias among pharmacy interns will be assessed by the Race Implicit Association Test (IAT). In the IAT participants respond to items that are to be categorized into four groups: two representing racial groups (White vs. Black/Latinx) and two representing valences (negative vs. positive), which are presented in pairs. The concept is that when the social group and valence mapped onto the same response are strongly associated, individuals respond more quickly than when they are weakly associated. The IAT is graded using a D score ranging from -2.0 to 2.0 (the average D score αs =0.78). Scores between -0.15 and 0.15 are considered to represent no preference for Whites, 0.16 to 0.35 and 0.36 to 0.65 slight and moderate preference, and values greater than 0.65 in absolute value strong preference
Measured: 8 weeks
Concern about discrimination
Will be measured by using the Concern about Discrimination scale which is a 4-item questionnaire to measure participants' beliefs that discrimination is a problem in society. Responses to each item are rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). Responses are averaged with a high score indicating high concern and vice versa.
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jul 2024
- Study startJul 2027 (estimated)
- Primary completionJan 2029 (estimated)
- Study completionJul 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Bias, ImplicitStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Massachusetts General HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Pharmacy intern participants will be randomized 1:1 using permuted block and stratified by gender and race/ethnicity to the adapted intervention or control group. Participants will be notified after consent.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jessica Haberer, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06487351
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024P001326
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 27 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 12 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Devine PG, Forscher PS, Austin AJ, Cox WT. Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2012 Nov;48(6):1267-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.003.
PubMed 23524616Woodward EN, Matthieu MM, Uchendu US, Rogal S, Kirchner JE. The health equity implementation framework: proposal and preliminary study of hepatitis C virus treatment. Implement Sci. 2019 Mar 12;14(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13012-019-0861-y.
PubMed 30866982Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ. The ADAPT-ITT model: a novel method of adapting evidence-based HIV Interventions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 1;47 Suppl 1:S40-6. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181605df1.
PubMed 18301133Wingood GM, Dunkle K, Camp C, Patel S, Painter JE, Rubtsova A, DiClemente RJ. Racial differences and correlates of potential adoption of preexposure prophylaxis: results of a national survey. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jun 1;63 Suppl 1(0 1):S95-101. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182920126.
PubMed 23673895Crawford ND, Myers S, Young H, Klepser D, Tung E. The Role of Pharmacies in the HIV Prevention and Care Continuums: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav. 2021 Jun;25(6):1819-1828. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03111-w. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
PubMed 33386509McCree DH, Byrd KK, Johnston M, Gaines M, Weidle PJ. Roles for Pharmacists in the "Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America" Initiative. Public Health Rep. 2020 Sep/Oct;135(5):547-554. doi: 10.1177/0033354920941184. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
PubMed 32780671Tung EL, Thomas A, Eichner A, Shalit P. Implementation of a community pharmacy-based pre-exposure prophylaxis service: a novel model for pre-exposure prophylaxis care. Sex Health. 2018 Nov;15(6):556-561. doi: 10.1071/SH18084.
PubMed 30401342Hall WJ, Chapman MV, Lee KM, Merino YM, Thomas TW, Payne BK, Eng E, Day SH, Coyne-Beasley T. Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):e60-76. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
PubMed 26469668Avant ND, Weed E, Connelly C, Hincapie AL, Penm J. Qualitative Analysis of Student Pharmacists' Reflections of Harvard's Race Implicit Association Test. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2018 May;10(5):611-617. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
PubMed 29986821Cox WTL. Developing scientifically validated bias and diversity trainings that work: empowering agents of change to reduce bias, create inclusion, and promote equity. Manag Decis. 2023 Apr 17;61(4):1038-1061. doi: 10.1108/md-06-2021-0839. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
PubMed 37090785Forscher PS, Lai CK, Axt JR, Ebersole CR, Herman M, Devine PG, Nosek BA. A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019 Sep;117(3):522-559. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000160. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
PubMed 31192631Lateef F. Simulation-based learning: Just like the real thing. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2010 Oct;3(4):348-52. doi: 10.4103/0974-2700.70743.
PubMed 21063557Zhao A, Dangerfield DT 2nd, Nunn A, Patel R, Farley JE, Ugoji CC, Dean LT. Pharmacy-Based Interventions to Increase Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Scoping Review. AIDS Behav. 2022 May;26(5):1377-1392. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03494-4. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
PubMed 34669062Weiner BJ, Lewis CC, Stanick C, Powell BJ, Dorsey CN, Clary AS, Boynton MH, Halko H. Psychometric assessment of three newly developed implementation outcome measures. Implement Sci. 2017 Aug 29;12(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0635-3.
PubMed 28851459Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JL. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jun;74(6):1464-80. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464.
PubMed 9654756
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Pharmacists' Racial Bias Towards People of Color at Risk of HIV
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06487351
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024P001326
- Conditions
- Bias, Implicit, HIV, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jul 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will follow the ADAPT-ITT model to apply the Prejudice Habit Breaking Intervention (PHBI) to pharmacists who have experience with or are willing to prescribe PrEP. We will first collect qualitative data through focus group discussions guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) on determinants related to the intervention itself, pharmacists, and the community pharmacy context that may impact implementation of the PHBI. Then, we will use this information to adapt the PHBI in an iterative process involving topic experts, pharmacists, and PrEP users. We will then determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the adapted PHBI to reduce implicit racial bias.
Detailed description
People of color (POC) accounted for nearly 70% of HIV new cases in the US in 2020, compared to 26% of new infections occurring among White individuals. Significant further racial disparities exist in the PrEP care continuum. For example, per the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 66% of White people eligible for PrEP received prescriptions compared to 26% of POC.
To expand access to PrEP, the role of the pharmacist in HIV care is increasing. In the context of PrEP, pharmacists may assess eligibility for PrEP, initiate it, monitor use, and provide counseling. Pharmacist-led PrEP clinics are growing in the US. For example, a pharmacy-based PrEP program in Washington succeeded in initiating PrEP for nearly 700 individuals, of whom (74%) started PrEP on the day of their initial appointment.
Most health care providers, including pharmacists, have implicit racial bias in favor of White people. A study among nearly 100 pharmacy students showed that two-thirds of them had racial biases against Black people. PHBI is an effective intervention based on a solid, scientific model of cognitive-behavioral change that teaches and trains individuals on multiple implicit bias mitigation strategies while respecting their autonomy and empowering them to sustain change efforts. In comparison to numerous other implicit bias interventions that had only a transient impact, the PHBI produced long-term effects in implicit bias measures. Simulation-based learning has been shown to increase opportunities for repetitive deliberate practice, including in pharmacy settings, and can be applied to this intervention; therefore, it may be an ideal approach to practice anti-bias mitigation strategies within the PHBI, thus advancing impact with potential for scalable implementation.
Implicit racial bias represents a key barrier to achieving the expected benefits of pharmacist-led PrEP clinics to reduce disparities; however, no previous work has focused on this area. While other barriers exist to PrEP uptake and use, the proposed intervention could play a critical role in expanding PrEP access to POC. We will adapt the intervention for pharmacists through use of the eight-phase ADAPT-ITT model. We will use HEIF to identify determinants of intervention implementation. We will then adapt the PHBI accordingly. Finally, we will test the adapted intervention in pharmacy interns recruited through the Bouvé College of Health Sciences in Boston, Massachusetts. We hypothesize that the adapted intervention will be acceptable and feasible with preliminary evidence of reduction in implicit racial bias. We will randomize 70 pharmacy interns 1:1 in a pilot trial comparing the adapted intervention versus a control involving an online NIH course on implicit bias. The trial outcomes will be acceptability and feasibility of the adapted PHBI as determined by mixed method interviews and process measures. Preliminary impact of the intervention in reducing implicit racial bias will be assessed by the Race Implicit Association Test as an effectiveness outcome at 8 weeks post-intervention. We will also qualitatively elicit feedback from 10 pharmacy managers and pharmacy policymakers on the trial findings.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Pharmacy intern participants will be randomized 1:1 using permuted block and stratified by gender and race/ethnicity to the adapted intervention or control group. Participants will be notified after consent.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| The adapted PHBI | Experimental | Behavioral: The adapted PHBIParticipants will complete an online lecture on PrEP care (with a knowledge test), followed by the Medical Cooperativeness IAT and a self-efficacy assessment for mitigating implicit bias. They will then watch a neuroscience-based lecture on implicit bias (30 min, in 5-min modules with comprehension checks). A mindfulness activity and three short videos on anti-bias strategies will follow, with brainstorming exercises. One week later, a 3-hour workshop will include prebriefing, reflection on test scores, mindfulness, rewatching videos, debriefing, role-playing, and a post-intervention self-efficacy assessment. Participants will practice bias-reduction strategies, record their applications in a diary, and provide feedback on usage, effectiveness, and experiences. |
| NIH Implicit Bias course | Active comparator | Behavioral: The NIH Implicit Bias courseControl group 1. Participants watch online lecture fundamentals of providing PrEP care (followed by knowledge test) 2. Participants take the medical cooperativeness IAT and self-efficacy for mitigating IB. 3. Participants watch online recorded lecture on implicit bias as described above. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Three types of participants will be included
- Pharmacy interns:
- Pharmacy managers
- Pharmacy policymaker defined as official employee of the Boards of Registration in Pharmacy whose role is directly related to community pharmacy practice (e.g., director of pharmacy compliance).
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Inability to provide consent (e.g., intoxication), unwillingness to provide consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The adapted PHBIThe adapted intervention is expected to be an online 60-minute video with an educational part about implicit racial bias, its consequences in healthcare inequalities, how to mitigate it, and seven case scenarios (5 minutes each) to train pharmacy interns on aspects related to cultural competency and how and when to use IBMS to reduce the impact of bias on prescribing PrEP for people of color. | Behavioural | The adapted PHBI |
| The NIH Implicit Bias courseThe NIH Implicit Bias course consists of three modules designed to teach users what bias is, how to recognize it, and how to minimize its impact | Behavioural | NIH Implicit Bias course |
Primary outcome
Acceptability of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire
Time frame: 8 weeks
Acceptability will be assessed in all participants by the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM)
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire
Time frame: 8 weeks
Feasibility will be assessed in all participants by the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM)
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Observed length of recruitment time
Time frame: 8 weeks
As a measure of feasibility, we will evaluate how many weeks are needed to recruit our desired study sample
Feasibility of the adapted intervention- Self-reported video completion
Time frame: 8 weeks
As a measure of feasibility, we will measure the number strategy videos completed
Feasibility of the adapted intervention-Observed retention rate
Time frame: 8 weeks
As a measure of feasibility, we will measure how many participants complete their final follow-up visit
2 secondary outcomes
Reduction of implicit racial bias
Time frame: 8 weeks
Concern about discrimination
Time frame: 8 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Nov 2025.
- Background: PubMed 23524616Devine PG, Forscher PS, Austin AJ, Cox WT. Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2012 Nov;48(6):1267-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.003.
- Background: PubMed 30866982Woodward EN, Matthieu MM, Uchendu US, Rogal S, Kirchner JE. The health equity implementation framework: proposal and preliminary study of hepatitis C virus treatment. Implement Sci. 2019 Mar 12;14(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13012-019-0861-y.
- Background: PubMed 18301133Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ. The ADAPT-ITT model: a novel method of adapting evidence-based HIV Interventions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 1;47 Suppl 1:S40-6. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181605df1.
- Background: PubMed 23673895Wingood GM, Dunkle K, Camp C, Patel S, Painter JE, Rubtsova A, DiClemente RJ. Racial differences and correlates of potential adoption of preexposure prophylaxis: results of a national survey. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jun 1;63 Suppl 1(0 1):S95-101. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182920126.
- Background: PubMed 33386509Crawford ND, Myers S, Young H, Klepser D, Tung E. The Role of Pharmacies in the HIV Prevention and Care Continuums: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav. 2021 Jun;25(6):1819-1828. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03111-w. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
- Background: PubMed 32780671McCree DH, Byrd KK, Johnston M, Gaines M, Weidle PJ. Roles for Pharmacists in the "Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America" Initiative. Public Health Rep. 2020 Sep/Oct;135(5):547-554. doi: 10.1177/0033354920941184. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
- Background: PubMed 30401342Tung EL, Thomas A, Eichner A, Shalit P. Implementation of a community pharmacy-based pre-exposure prophylaxis service: a novel model for pre-exposure prophylaxis care. Sex Health. 2018 Nov;15(6):556-561. doi: 10.1071/SH18084.
- Background: PubMed 26469668Hall WJ, Chapman MV, Lee KM, Merino YM, Thomas TW, Payne BK, Eng E, Day SH, Coyne-Beasley T. Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):e60-76. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903. Epub 2015 Oct 15.
- Background: PubMed 29986821Avant ND, Weed E, Connelly C, Hincapie AL, Penm J. Qualitative Analysis of Student Pharmacists' Reflections of Harvard's Race Implicit Association Test. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2018 May;10(5):611-617. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
- Background: PubMed 37090785Cox WTL. Developing scientifically validated bias and diversity trainings that work: empowering agents of change to reduce bias, create inclusion, and promote equity. Manag Decis. 2023 Apr 17;61(4):1038-1061. doi: 10.1108/md-06-2021-0839. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
- Background: PubMed 31192631Forscher PS, Lai CK, Axt JR, Ebersole CR, Herman M, Devine PG, Nosek BA. A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019 Sep;117(3):522-559. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000160. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
- Background: PubMed 21063557Lateef F. Simulation-based learning: Just like the real thing. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2010 Oct;3(4):348-52. doi: 10.4103/0974-2700.70743.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing The adapted PHBI and The NIH Implicit Bias course in people with Bias, Implicit and HIV, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Jessica Haberer (4086053500, jhaberer@mgb.org), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Acceptability of the adapted intervention- Questionnaire (time frame: 8 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06487351, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Nov 2025.