Interprofessional RelationsNCT06493188
Low VS High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation for ABG Skills Acquisition
A study testing High-fidelity interprofessional simulation and Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in people with Interprofessional Relations and Self Efficacy, run by University of Turin, Italy at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional simulation intervention for medical and nursing students. The primary aim is to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity versus low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in improving knowledge and skills related to the ABG test. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Interprofessional Relations, Self Efficacy, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- What is being tested?
- High-fidelity interprofessional simulation and Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2026to 15 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Early-career students (First-year Nursing Bachelor's Degree; second-year Medicine \& Surgery Degree)
- Regularly enrolled in their courses (attended at least 70% of classes)
- Proficient in English (reading and speaking)
- Aged 18 years or older
Who cannot join
- Students who have previously taken classes on arterial blood gas sampling
- Those who have prior work experience as healthcare professionals (e.g., laboratory technicians, phlebotomists)
- Students who have previously experience in interprofessional learning activities
- Students who have previously experience in the simulation center
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Italy1 site
University of Torino - Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
Orbassano, Torino, 10043
Savino Sciascia, MD;PhD, +390112402051, savino.sciascia@unito.it
Massimo Radin, MD; PhD
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Low-fidelity Versus High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation on the Acquisition of Theoretical and Practical Knowledge of Arterial Blood Gas Testing: a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional simulation intervention for medical and nursing students.
The primary aim is to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity versus low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in improving knowledge and skills related to the ABG test. The hypothesis is that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will develop better knowledge and skills for ABG testing compared to those in the low-fidelity group.
Read more
The secondary aims are to evaluate the effectiveness of high-fidelity interprofessional simulation compared to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in (i) enhancing self-efficacy and self-confidence in learning, and (ii) improving interprofessional education and satisfaction with the simulation experience. It is hypothesized that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will report higher levels of self-efficacy, self-confidence, interprofessional education, and satisfaction with the learning experience post-intervention compared to those in the low-fidelity interprofessional simulation group.
The key questions it seeks to address are:
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation help in developing better technical skills for ABG testing?
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater self-efficacy and self-confidence?
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater satisfaction with the experience, readiness for interprofessional simulation, and better perceptions of interprofessional education?
The researchers will compare high-fidelity interprofessional simulation (immersive medical training room with an actor) to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation (a structured clinical case analysis) to assess whether high-fidelity simulation effectively enhances knowledge and skills on arterial blood gas tests, as well as interprofessional collaboration and attitudes.
Participants will:
- Attend brief interactive lessons on the principles, technique, and interpretation of arterial blood gas tests.
- Participate in a series of clinical-based interprofessional simulation scenarios delivered in low- or high-fidelity.
Read the detailed description
After randomization, participants will be assigned sequentially into ten groups to form five high-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups and five low-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups. Each group will consist of six students, including three medical students and three nursing students.
Students will be asked to review and sign the informed consent form to confirm their participation in the study.
Participants will be asked to complete the baseline assessment by completing a questionnaire set. They will be subjected to a brief educational video covering the definition and purpose of the ABG test, the diagnostic and clinical rationale for conducting it, and the technique, including patient assessment, required equipment, factors to consider before performing the procedure, questions to ask the patient, identification of the puncture site, sampling steps, and proper disposal of materials. Additionally, a brief interpretation of ABG test results will be provided, focusing on pH values, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels to identify the four main diagnoses: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic alkalosis.
At the end of the video presentation, participants will be informed about which group they have been assigned to.
During the simulation activities, two independent observers will assess the performance of participants.
At the end of the simulation activities, all students from both groups will be taken separately to designated plenary rooms, where a member of the research team will conduct a debriefing session.
At the conclusion of the debriefing session, each participant will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.
- Being tested
- High-fidelity interprofessional simulation, Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation
- Keywords
- Interprofessional education, Simulation, Arterial Blood Gas test, Self-efficacy, Knowledge acquisition
- Medical subject headings
- Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High-fidelity interprofessional simulationOther
Students will participate in realistic (high-fidelity) interprofessional simulation scenarios to practice and interpret ABG procedures.
Low-fidelity interprofessional simulationOther
Students will take part in low-fidelity interprofessional simulation scenarios. Cases will be discussed, and reflection on ABG execution and interpretation will be guided using paper descriptions and clinical files.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group - High-fidelity interprofessional simulation | Experimental | The interprofessional simulation activity will be conducted in the immersive medical training room. ABG will be performed on a arm simulator. The patient will be personified by an actor with a medical background following a script. A maximum of 10 minutes will be given to address each case. Receives: Other: High-fidelity interprofessional simulation |
| Control Group - Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation | Active comparator | This interprofessional simulation activity will be conducted in a room that will be equipped with tables and chairs. The same clinical cases will be provided using printed documents and clinical charts. A time of 10 minutes will be given to address each case. Receives: Other: Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices during the simulation
Purposefully Developed 6-item Checklist
Measured: 10 minutes - During the simulation scenarios
Secondary outcomes (5)
General Self Efficacy Scale - GSE
A 10-item questionnaire assessing the level of self-efficacy
Measured: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning - SCLS
A 13-item questionnaire assessing the self-confidence acquired in learning
Measured: Post-intervention
Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale - IEPS
A 18-item questionnaire targeted at evaluating the perception of interprofessional education
Measured: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale - RIPLS
A 19-item questionnaire targeted at evaluating the readiness for interprofessional education
Measured: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Satisfaction with simulation experience - SSE
A 18-item questionnaire to assess the perceived satisfaction with simulation
Measured: Post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jul 2024
- Study start1 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 May 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Interprofessional RelationsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Turin, Italy
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fondazione CRT, Torino
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06493188
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- INTSIM_GB_UNITO_01
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 27 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 8 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Due to ethical restrictions. Aggregated data will be available from the responsible upon reasonable request.
Publications
Conti A, Bidoggia F, Daga FA, Ferraris A, Penso R, Piovan C, Simionato L, Lembo D, Sciascia S; Advanced MedSim Team. Effectiveness of low-fidelity versus high-fidelity interprofessional simulation on the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of arterial blood gas testing: a parallel randomized controlled trial (ELVHIS-ABG-RCT) protocol. BMC Nurs. 2026 Apr 11;25(1):474. doi: 10.1186/s12912-026-04627-7.
PubMed 41965681
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Low-fidelity Versus High-fidelity Interprofessional Simulation on the Acquisition of Theoretical and Practical Knowledge of Arterial Blood Gas Testing: a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06493188
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- INTSIM_GB_UNITO_01
- Keywords
- Interprofessional education, Simulation, Arterial Blood Gas test, Self-efficacy, Knowledge acquisition
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Turin, ItalyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fondazione CRT, Torino
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 May 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional simulation intervention for medical and nursing students.
The primary aim is to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity versus low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in improving knowledge and skills related to the ABG test. The hypothesis is that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will develop better knowledge and skills for ABG testing compared to those in the low-fidelity group.
The secondary aims are to evaluate the effectiveness of high-fidelity interprofessional simulation compared to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in (i) enhancing self-efficacy and self-confidence in learning, and (ii) improving interprofessional education and satisfaction with the simulation experience. It is hypothesized that participants in the high-fidelity interprofessional simulation group will report higher levels of self-efficacy, self-confidence, interprofessional education, and satisfaction with the learning experience post-intervention compared to those in the low-fidelity interprofessional simulation group.
The key questions it seeks to address are:
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation help in developing better technical skills for ABG testing?
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater self-efficacy and self-confidence?
- Does high-fidelity interprofessional simulation lead to greater satisfaction with the experience, readiness for interprofessional simulation, and better perceptions of interprofessional education?
The researchers will compare high-fidelity interprofessional simulation (immersive medical training room with an actor) to low-fidelity interprofessional simulation (a structured clinical case analysis) to assess whether high-fidelity simulation effectively enhances knowledge and skills on arterial blood gas tests, as well as interprofessional collaboration and attitudes.
Participants will:
- Attend brief interactive lessons on the principles, technique, and interpretation of arterial blood gas tests.
- Participate in a series of clinical-based interprofessional simulation scenarios delivered in low- or high-fidelity.
Detailed description
After randomization, participants will be assigned sequentially into ten groups to form five high-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups and five low-fidelity interprofessional simulation groups. Each group will consist of six students, including three medical students and three nursing students.
Students will be asked to review and sign the informed consent form to confirm their participation in the study.
Participants will be asked to complete the baseline assessment by completing a questionnaire set. They will be subjected to a brief educational video covering the definition and purpose of the ABG test, the diagnostic and clinical rationale for conducting it, and the technique, including patient assessment, required equipment, factors to consider before performing the procedure, questions to ask the patient, identification of the puncture site, sampling steps, and proper disposal of materials. Additionally, a brief interpretation of ABG test results will be provided, focusing on pH values, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels to identify the four main diagnoses: respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic alkalosis.
At the end of the video presentation, participants will be informed about which group they have been assigned to.
During the simulation activities, two independent observers will assess the performance of participants.
At the end of the simulation activities, all students from both groups will be taken separately to designated plenary rooms, where a member of the research team will conduct a debriefing session.
At the conclusion of the debriefing session, each participant will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group - High-fidelity interprofessional simulation | Experimental | Other: High-fidelity interprofessional simulationThe interprofessional simulation activity will be conducted in the immersive medical training room. ABG will be performed on a arm simulator. The patient will be personified by an actor with a medical background following a script. A maximum of 10 minutes will be given to address each case. |
| Control Group - Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation | Active comparator | Other: Low-fidelity interprofessional simulationThis interprofessional simulation activity will be conducted in a room that will be equipped with tables and chairs. The same clinical cases will be provided using printed documents and clinical charts. A time of 10 minutes will be given to address each case. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Early-career students (First-year Nursing Bachelor's Degree; second-year Medicine \& Surgery Degree)
- Regularly enrolled in their courses (attended at least 70% of classes)
- Proficient in English (reading and speaking)
- Aged 18 years or older
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Students who have previously taken classes on arterial blood gas sampling
- Those who have prior work experience as healthcare professionals (e.g., laboratory technicians, phlebotomists)
- Students who have previously experience in interprofessional learning activities
- Students who have previously experience in the simulation center
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High-fidelity interprofessional simulationStudents will participate in realistic (high-fidelity) interprofessional simulation scenarios to practice and interpret ABG procedures. | Other | Intervention Group - High-fidelity interprofessional simulation |
| Low-fidelity interprofessional simulationStudents will take part in low-fidelity interprofessional simulation scenarios. Cases will be discussed, and reflection on ABG execution and interpretation will be guided using paper descriptions and clinical files. | Other | Control Group - Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation |
Primary outcome
Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices during the simulation
Time frame: 10 minutes - During the simulation scenarios
Purposefully Developed 6-item Checklist
5 secondary outcomes
General Self Efficacy Scale - GSE
Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning - SCLS
Time frame: Post-intervention
Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale - IEPS
Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale - RIPLS
Time frame: 10 minutes Pre-intervention and post-intervention
Satisfaction with simulation experience - SSE
Time frame: Post-intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Dec 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41965681Conti A, Bidoggia F, Daga FA, Ferraris A, Penso R, Piovan C, Simionato L, Lembo D, Sciascia S; Advanced MedSim Team. Effectiveness of low-fidelity versus high-fidelity interprofessional simulation on the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of arterial blood gas testing: a parallel randomized controlled trial (ELVHIS-ABG-RCT) protocol. BMC Nurs. 2026 Apr 11;25(1):474. doi: 10.1186/s12912-026-04627-7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Due to ethical restrictions. Aggregated data will be available from the responsible upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High-fidelity interprofessional simulation and Low-fidelity interprofessional simulation in people with Interprofessional Relations and Self Efficacy, run by University of Turin, Italy at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Savino Sciascia, MD; PhD (+39 0112402051, savino.sciascia@unito.it), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Evaluation of Knowledge and Practices during the simulation (time frame: 10 minutes - During the simulation scenarios). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06493188, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Dec 2025.