Opioid-Free AnesthesiaNCT06493396
Effect of Opioid-free Anesthesia on Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function and Recovery Quality After General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients
A study testing Opioid-free Analgesics and Opioid group in people with Opioid-Free Anesthesia and POCD, run by Beijing Friendship Hospital.
Trial summary
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)is a common well disorder of the central nervous system after surgery, mainly manifested by impaired memory, spirit, language ability or other aspects of brain function. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Opioid-Free Anesthesia, POCD, Recovery Quality
- What is being tested?
- Opioid-free Analgesics and Opioid group
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 88 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2027to 31 Oct 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Elderly patients to undergo elective non-cardiac surgery
- ASA grade I or III;
- volunteered in this trial and signed informed consent;
- age 60 years;
- BMI 18-30kg / m2.
Who cannot join
- Chronic pain;
- severe liver dysfunction (total bilirubin 2 mg dl-1);
- severe renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate 60ml min-1 1.73m-2);
- preoperative heart rate <50 beats / min, sick sinus syndrome, severe heart block;
- dementia or significant neurological disease (such as stroke, epilepsy, intracranial tumor, Parkinson disease, etc);
- history of alcohol or drug abuse;
Show all 9Show fewer
- preoperative or PSQI score 7 or sleep disturbance;
- Cannot cooperate with the scale survey
- Allergic to the trial drug
About this study
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)is a common well disorder of the central nervous system after surgery, mainly manifested by impaired memory, spirit, language ability or other aspects of brain function. POCD, which often occurs in elderly patients over 65 years, The recent phase is recommended to be changed to perioperative neurocognitive impairment ( PND), The PND is used to describe the cognitive function changes that occur before and within 1 year after surgery, Based on the time of disease onset, It can be divided into neurocognitive impairment existing before surgery, postoperative delusion (POD) occurring hours to days after surgery, neurocognitive recovery delay (DNR) within 30 days after surgery, and postoperative neurocognitive impairment occurring weeks to months after surgery (POND). With the acceleration of the aging process of Chinese social population, the frequency of surgical treatment for elderly inpatients has also increased, and the elderly patients have postoperative sleep disorders, and POCD is relatively common. Surgical patients after surgical trauma, the body inflammation, sympathetic excitation and endocrine disorders, make postoperative sleep structure or pattern change, often lead to postoperative sleep disorders (PSD) , the main performance for patients with postoperative complaint difficult to enter and maintain sleep, frequent nightmares, total sleep quantity and quality reduction, etc. PSD is not only the most common manifestation of postoperative brain dysfunction, but also an important risk factor for inducing postoperative fatigue, postoperative hyperalgesia, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, it is considered to promote the development of postoperative delusion. At present, the common mode of general anesthesia is still mainly opioids, and opioids are an important part of general anesthesia and perioperative analgesia. Perioperative use of opioids is not only associated with adverse effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, excessive sedation, and ileus, but also leads to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia, hyperalgesia and postoperative chronic pain, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the Association of Accelerated Rehabilitation Surgery indicates that the use of a multimodal analgesic regimen during the perioperative period reduces pain and reduces opioid-related adverse effects, and that opioid-free anesthesia ( OFA) is used in clinical work. At present, most clinical studies of OFA focus on adults aged 18-65 or 18 years old, and few studies focus OFA solely on the elderly population to observe its application effect. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct clinical studies to observe postoperative recovery in elderly patients with different types of anesthetics, investigate the incidence and severity of POCD, and determine the efficacy and safety of each anesthetic agent.
- Conditions
- Opioid-Free Anesthesia, POCD, Recovery Quality, Sleep Quality
- Being tested
- Opioid-free Analgesics, Opioid group
- Medical subject headings
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Opioid-free AnalgesicsDrug
opioid free group: After infusion of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine, intravenous midazolam 2mg, propofol 2mg kg-1, esketamine 0.5 mg kg-1, rocuronium 0.6-1mg kg-1, and 3min after endotracheal intubation. Intravenous continuous infusion of propofol, esketamine and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride mixture (esketamine 50mg + dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 150 ug + 0.9% saline 50ml in the same 50ml syringe) 0.1ml kg-1 h-1-0.2 ml kg-1 h-1 (equivalent to esketamine 0.1-0.2mg kg-1 h-1; Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 0.3-0.6 μ g kg-1 h-1) maintains a BIS value between 40-60, 10-20mg / time was added as appropriate.
Opioid groupDrug
Intravenous midazolam 2mg, propofol 2mg kg-1, sufentanyl 0.3-0.5 μ g kg-1, rocuronium 0.6-1mg kg-1,3min before endotracheal intubation. After successful endotracheal intubation, continuous intravenous infusion of propofol and remifentanil was started to maintain BIS values between 40-60, and rocuronium 10-20mg / time as appropriate. After the start of surgery, 10-20 μ g of sufentanil was added according to blood pressure and heart rate. At the end of the operation, 5mg and 50mg were injected before the end of the operation, and propofol and remifentanil were stopped at the end of the operation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid-free group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Opioid-free Analgesics |
| Opioid group | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Opioid group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
15-item recovery quality scale score 24 hours before surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
Measured: 24 hours before surgery
15-item recovery quality scale score 24 hours after surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
Measured: 24 hours after surgery
15-item recovery quality scale score 48 hours after surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
Measured: 48 hours after surgery
Secondary outcomes (11)
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
The PSQI scale consists of seven aspects, including time to sleep, hypnotic drugs, sleep time, daytime dysfunction, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and sleep disorders, with a total score of 0 to 21, which is generally considered in China Score 7 means the presence of sleep disturbance, the higher the score indicates more severe sleep disturbance]; due to PSQI The simplicity of the scale has good reliability and validity, and the results of polysomnography and EEG exist larger Guan Xing, which has become the most widely used scale in sleep research at home and abroad
Measured: one night before surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
The PSQI scale consists of seven aspects, including time to sleep, hypnotic drugs, sleep time, daytime dysfunction, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and sleep disorders, with a total score of 0 to 21, which is generally considered in China Score 7 means the presence of sleep disturbance, the higher the score indicates more severe sleep disturbance]; due to PSQI The simplicity of the scale has good reliability and validity, and the results of polysomnography and EEG exist larger Guan Xing, which has become the most widely used scale in sleep research at home and abroad
Measured: first night after surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
The PSQI scale consists of seven aspects, including time to sleep, hypnotic drugs, sleep time, daytime dysfunction, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and sleep disorders, with a total score of 0 to 21, which is generally considered in China Score 7 means the presence of sleep disturbance, the higher the score indicates more severe sleep disturbance]; due to PSQI The simplicity of the scale has good reliability and validity, and the results of polysomnography and EEG exist larger Guan Xing, which has become the most widely used scale in sleep research at home and abroad
Measured: the second night after surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
The PSQI scale consists of seven aspects, including time to sleep, hypnotic drugs, sleep time, daytime dysfunction, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and sleep disorders, with a total score of 0 to 21, which is generally considered in China Score 7 means the presence of sleep disturbance, the higher the score indicates more severe sleep disturbance]; due to PSQI The simplicity of the scale has good reliability and validity, and the results of polysomnography and EEG exist larger Guan Xing, which has become the most widely used scale in sleep research at home and abroad
Measured: one week after surgery
Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting
Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching, an 8-item questionnaire, to measure the incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting, and retching At each timepoint, a total Rhodes score was calculated from the sum of the 8 RINVR questions. Total Rhodes scores were compared at 6 different timepoints as well as overall across all 6 time points. record Nausea and vomiting, the Rhodes index score. Score 0: No symptoms of nausea, vomiting or retching
- 1-8 points: Mild symptoms
- 9-16 points: Moderate symptoms
- 17-24 points: Severe symptoms
- 25 points and above: Extremely severe symptoms, where the patient's daily activities and eating are completely disrupted
Measured: one day before surgery
Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting
Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching, an 8-item questionnaire, to measure the incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting, and retching At each timepoint, a total Rhodes score was calculated from the sum of the 8 RINVR questions. Total Rhodes scores were compared at 6 different timepoints as well as overall across all 6 time points. record Nausea and vomiting, the Rhodes index score. Score 0: No symptoms of nausea, vomiting or retching
- 1-8 points: Mild symptoms
- 9-16 points: Moderate symptoms
- 17-24 points: Severe symptoms
- 25 points and above: Extremely severe symptoms, where the patient's daily activities and eating are completely disrupted
Measured: 6,24,48 hours after surgery
Ramsay score
Total score: 1 to 6,1 indicates insufficient sedation and restlessness; 2 indicates quiet and cooperation; 3 indicates drowsiness and response to commands; 4 indicates shallow sleep and quick response to strong acoustic stimulation; 5 means slow to sleep and response to strong acoustic stimulation; 6 indicates too deep calm and difficult to wake up Score 7 means the presence of sleep disturbance, the higher the score indicates more severe sleep disturbance]; due to PSQI The simplicity of the scale has good reliability and validity, and the results of polysomnography and EEG are large
Measured: 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery
visual analgesia score
The total score is 0 to 10,0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the most severe play ache
Measured: 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery
The Mini-Cog cognitive score
0 points: 3 words can not remember one, as dementia. 1~2 points: can remember 1~2 of 3 words, correct drawing clock test (CDT), normal cognitive function; incorrect CDT, and cognitive function deficit. 3 points: can remember 3 words, not fixed as dementia
Measured: first night before surgery
The Mini-Cog cognitive score
0 points: 3 words can not remember one, as dementia. 1~2 points: can remember 1~2 of 3 words, correct drawing clock test (CDT), normal cognitive function; incorrect CDT, and cognitive function deficit. 3 points: can remember 3 words, not fixed as dementia
Measured: first day,second day and one week after surgery
Number of salvage analgesia used within 48 h after surgery
record number of salvage analgesia used within 48 h after surgery
Measured: 48 h after surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jul 2024
- Study start1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Oct 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Oct 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Opioid-Free AnesthesiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Beijing Friendship HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Friendship Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Bijia Song, Beijing Friendship Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06493396
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- opioid-free in elderly
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Opioid-free Anesthesia on Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function and Recovery Quality After General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06493396
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- opioid-free in elderly
- Conditions
- Opioid-Free Anesthesia, POCD, Recovery Quality, Sleep Quality
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Friendship HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Oct 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Oct 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)is a common well disorder of the central nervous system after surgery, mainly manifested by impaired memory, spirit, language ability or other aspects of brain function. POCD, which often occurs in elderly patients over 65 years, The recent phase is recommended to be changed to perioperative neurocognitive impairment ( PND), The PND is used to describe the cognitive function changes that occur before and within 1 year after surgery, Based on the time of disease onset, It can be divided into neurocognitive impairment existing before surgery, postoperative delusion (POD) occurring hours to days after surgery, neurocognitive recovery delay (DNR) within 30 days after surgery, and postoperative neurocognitive impairment occurring weeks to months after surgery (POND). With the acceleration of the aging process of Chinese social population, the frequency of surgical treatment for elderly inpatients has also increased, and the elderly patients have postoperative sleep disorders, and POCD is relatively common. Surgical patients after surgical trauma, the body inflammation, sympathetic excitation and endocrine disorders, make postoperative sleep structure or pattern change, often lead to postoperative sleep disorders (PSD) , the main performance for patients with postoperative complaint difficult to enter and maintain sleep, frequent nightmares, total sleep quantity and quality reduction, etc. PSD is not only the most common manifestation of postoperative brain dysfunction, but also an important risk factor for inducing postoperative fatigue, postoperative hyperalgesia, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, it is considered to promote the development of postoperative delusion. At present, the common mode of general anesthesia is still mainly opioids, and opioids are an important part of general anesthesia and perioperative analgesia. Perioperative use of opioids is not only associated with adverse effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, excessive sedation, and ileus, but also leads to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia, hyperalgesia and postoperative chronic pain, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the Association of Accelerated Rehabilitation Surgery indicates that the use of a multimodal analgesic regimen during the perioperative period reduces pain and reduces opioid-related adverse effects, and that opioid-free anesthesia ( OFA) is used in clinical work. At present, most clinical studies of OFA focus on adults aged 18-65 or 18 years old, and few studies focus OFA solely on the elderly population to observe its application effect. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct clinical studies to observe postoperative recovery in elderly patients with different types of anesthetics, investigate the incidence and severity of POCD, and determine the efficacy and safety of each anesthetic agent.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid-free group | Experimental | Drug: Opioid-free Analgesics |
| Opioid group | Active comparator | Drug: Opioid group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Elderly patients to undergo elective non-cardiac surgery
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Chronic pain;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid-free Analgesicsopioid free group: After infusion of a loading dose of dexmedetomidine, intravenous midazolam 2mg, propofol 2mg kg-1, esketamine 0.5 mg kg-1, rocuronium 0.6-1mg kg-1, and 3min after endotracheal intubation. Intravenous continuous infusion of propofol, esketamine and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride mixture (esketamine 50mg + dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 150 ug + 0.9% saline 50ml in the same 50ml syringe) 0.1ml kg-1 h-1-0.2 ml kg-1 h-1 (equivalent to esketamine 0.1-0.2mg kg-1 h-1; Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 0.3-0.6 μ g kg-1 h-1) maintains a BIS value between 40-60, 10-20mg / time was added as appropriate. | Drug | Opioid-free group |
| Opioid groupIntravenous midazolam 2mg, propofol 2mg kg-1, sufentanyl 0.3-0.5 μ g kg-1, rocuronium 0.6-1mg kg-1,3min before endotracheal intubation. After successful endotracheal intubation, continuous intravenous infusion of propofol and remifentanil was started to maintain BIS values between 40-60, and rocuronium 10-20mg / time as appropriate. After the start of surgery, 10-20 μ g of sufentanil was added according to blood pressure and heart rate. At the end of the operation, 5mg and 50mg were injected before the end of the operation, and propofol and remifentanil were stopped at the end of the operation | Drug | Opioid group |
Primary outcome
15-item recovery quality scale score 24 hours before surgery
Time frame: 24 hours before surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
15-item recovery quality scale score 24 hours after surgery
Time frame: 24 hours after surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
15-item recovery quality scale score 48 hours after surgery
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
The QoR-15 scale is a global measure of postoperative recovery, with scores ranging from 0 (extremely poor QoR) to 150 (excellent QoR). QoR-15 has become the most widely reported indicator for the evaluation of postoperative life treatment in patients. Using wherever possible QoR-15 item scores on postoperative day 3, QoR-15 with very good validity, and good reliability, responsiveness and clinical acceptability, these data suggest that QoR-15 is an excellent patient-centered measure of postoperative QoR. Patient Acceptable symptom status describes the lowest absolute score considered by the patient to represent a healthy or good status health scale. A QoR-15 score of 118 or more indicates a good postoperative recovery
11 secondary outcomes
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
Time frame: one night before surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
Time frame: first night after surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
Time frame: the second night after surgery
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI
Time frame: one week after surgery
Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting
Time frame: one day before surgery
Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting
Time frame: 6,24,48 hours after surgery
Ramsay score
Time frame: 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery
visual analgesia score
Time frame: 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery
The Mini-Cog cognitive score
Time frame: first night before surgery
The Mini-Cog cognitive score
Time frame: first day,second day and one week after surgery
Number of salvage analgesia used within 48 h after surgery
Time frame: 48 h after surgery
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Opioid-free Analgesics and Opioid group in people with Opioid-Free Anesthesia and POCD, run by Beijing Friendship Hospital.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
15-item recovery quality scale score 24 hours before surgery (time frame: 24 hours before surgery). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2026.