VapingNCT06501937
Influencer Marketing: a Survey-based Experiment Among Adolescents
A study testing Influencer marketing in people with Vaping, run by University of Southern California at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Adolescents (N = 664) participated in the online survey-based experiment. They were randomly shown 10 videos, featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities (experimental group), or e-cigarette promotion alone (control). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Vaping
- What is being tested?
- Influencer marketing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 664 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 12 Feb 2024to 29 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- 13-17 years of age,
- English fluency,
- Current California resident.
Who cannot join
- Not meeting these criteria:
- 13-17 years of age,
- English fluency,
- Current California resident.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Imagery Alongside E-cigarettes in Social Media Influencer Marketing on Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Adolescents: a Survey-based Experiment
Adolescents (N = 664) participated in the online survey-based experiment. They were randomly shown 10 videos, featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities (experimental group), or e-cigarette promotion alone (control). After watching each video, participants rated perceptions of influencer credibility (i.e., honesty, trustworthiness, knowledge) on the scale of 0 (e.g., dishonest) to 100 (honest).
Among all participants, harm perceptions and appeal of e-cigarettes was assessed. Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes was assessed among never users of e-cigarettes. These outcomes were then compared among participants who perceived influencers as credible and those who perceived influencers as non-credible.
Read the detailed description
Adolescents (13-17 years of age) living in California were recruited by Qualtrics marketing research panel to participate in a survey on tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Qualtrics, a research panel agency, has been used in prior research to survey adolescents about their tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Participants were provided with a survey URL link. After completing informed consent, participants completed the survey online. The study was approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Review Board (UP-21-00352). Respondents were randomly assigned to watch 10 10-second long TikTok videos in either experimental (influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities) or control group (influencers promoting e-cigarettes alone).
- Conditions
- Vaping
- Being tested
- Influencer marketing
- Medical subject headings
- Vaping
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Influencer marketingOther
Participants watched online survey-imbedded promotional videos featuring influencers
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Videos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities Receives: Other: Influencer marketing |
| Control group | Active comparator | Videos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alone Receives: Other: Influencer marketing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Harm perceptions of e-cigarettes
Responses to two questions adapted from PATH, "Based on the videos you just watched, do you think using e-cigarettes for vaping nicotine is harmful to your health?" "Based on the videos you just watched, do you think people harm themselves when they use e-cigarettes for vaping nicotine?" Outcome was assessed on the 0 (Not harmful at all) - 100 (Very harmful) scale. Since the items were closely related (α=0.87), they were combined (by summing all the non-missing values of the items) into one variable.
Measured: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Perceived appeal of e-cigarettes
Responses to the following questions: using e-cigarette is:
- not cool/cool,
- unattractive/attractive,
- boring/fun were assessed on the 7-point semantic differential scale with the word pairs anchored at each end. The scale was adapted from prior research. The items were combined (by summing all the non-missing values of the items) into one variable (α=0.93).
Measured: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes
Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes was measured (among never-users of e-cigarettes), using the validated three-item scale adapted from PATH, and combined into one variable (α=0.93). Consistent with prior research, the measure was dichotomized with responses "definitely not" to all items being coded as "not susceptible" and responses "probably not," "probably yes", or "definitely yes" being coded as "susceptible."
Measured: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Perceptions of influencer credibility
Perceptions of influencer credibility (i.e., honesty, trustworthiness, knowledge) were assessed using a 0 (e.g., dishonest) -100 (e.g., honest) scale that has been validated in prior research.
Measured: assessed 10 times immediately after each video
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2024
- Study start12 Feb 2024
- Primary completion29 Feb 2024
- Study completion29 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for VapingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Southern CaliforniaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Model description
- Videos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 664 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern California
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jennifer Unger, University of Southern California
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06501937
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UP-21-00352
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 8 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 15 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: de-identified data will be publicly available on GitHub repository if a manuscript related to this study is accepted for publication
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Imagery Alongside E-cigarettes in Social Media Influencer Marketing on Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Adolescents: a Survey-based Experiment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06501937
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UP-21-00352
- Conditions
- Vaping
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 664 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 29 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Adolescents (N = 664) participated in the online survey-based experiment. They were randomly shown 10 videos, featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities (experimental group), or e-cigarette promotion alone (control). After watching each video, participants rated perceptions of influencer credibility (i.e., honesty, trustworthiness, knowledge) on the scale of 0 (e.g., dishonest) to 100 (honest).
Among all participants, harm perceptions and appeal of e-cigarettes was assessed. Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes was assessed among never users of e-cigarettes. These outcomes were then compared among participants who perceived influencers as credible and those who perceived influencers as non-credible.
Detailed description
Adolescents (13-17 years of age) living in California were recruited by Qualtrics marketing research panel to participate in a survey on tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Qualtrics, a research panel agency, has been used in prior research to survey adolescents about their tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Participants were provided with a survey URL link. After completing informed consent, participants completed the survey online. The study was approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Review Board (UP-21-00352). Respondents were randomly assigned to watch 10 10-second long TikTok videos in either experimental (influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities) or control group (influencers promoting e-cigarettes alone).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Videos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Other: Influencer marketingVideos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle activities |
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: Influencer marketingVideos featuring influencers promoting e-cigarettes alone |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 13-17 years of age,
- English fluency,
- Current California resident.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- 13-17 years of age,
- English fluency,
- Current California resident.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Influencer marketingParticipants watched online survey-imbedded promotional videos featuring influencers | Other | Control group, Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Harm perceptions of e-cigarettes
Time frame: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Responses to two questions adapted from PATH, "Based on the videos you just watched, do you think using e-cigarettes for vaping nicotine is harmful to your health?" "Based on the videos you just watched, do you think people harm themselves when they use e-cigarettes for vaping nicotine?" Outcome was assessed on the 0 (Not harmful at all) - 100 (Very harmful) scale. Since the items were closely related (α=0.87), they were combined (by summing all the non-missing values of the items) into one variable.
Perceived appeal of e-cigarettes
Time frame: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Responses to the following questions: using e-cigarette is: * not cool/cool, * unattractive/attractive, * boring/fun were assessed on the 7-point semantic differential scale with the word pairs anchored at each end. The scale was adapted from prior research. The items were combined (by summing all the non-missing values of the items) into one variable (α=0.93).
Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes
Time frame: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)
Susceptibility to use e-cigarettes was measured (among never-users of e-cigarettes), using the validated three-item scale adapted from PATH, and combined into one variable (α=0.93). Consistent with prior research, the measure was dichotomized with responses "definitely not" to all items being coded as "not susceptible" and responses "probably not," "probably yes", or "definitely yes" being coded as "susceptible."
Perceptions of influencer credibility
Time frame: assessed 10 times immediately after each video
Perceptions of influencer credibility (i.e., honesty, trustworthiness, knowledge) were assessed using a 0 (e.g., dishonest) -100 (e.g., honest) scale that has been validated in prior research.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jul 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. de-identified data will be publicly available on GitHub repository if a manuscript related to this study is accepted for publication
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Influencer marketing in people with Vaping, run by University of Southern California at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Harm perceptions of e-cigarettes (time frame: one-time assessment after the experimental exposure (immediately post-treatment)). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jul 2024.