HealthyNCT06532786
Neural Adaptations to Metronome-Paced Strength Training
A study testing Fractal Paced, Isochronous Paced and Self Paced in people with Healthy, run by Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL at 1 site in Portugal.
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of incorporating variability within Resistance Training (RT) methods on the neural adaptations along the corticospinal tract and on neuromuscular function. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Fractal Paced, Isochronous Paced and Self Paced
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePortugal
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2024to 31 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- aged between 18 and 40 years
Who cannot join
- Neurologic conditions;
- Lower limb disabilities or disease;
- Not able to provide informed consent;
- Have an implanted device (e.g. pacemakers) or any metal in the body;
- Medication advised against the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation;
- History/family history of seizures, brain lesions or head trauma, neurological or psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, migraine
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Portugal1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Egas Moniz School of Health & Science
Almada, Monte de Caparica, 2829-699
João R. Vaz, PhD, 967096444 ext. +351, jvaz@egasmoniz.edu.pt
About this study
Official title: Neural Adaptations to Metronome-Paced Strength Training: Insights From Neuroscience and Human Movement Variability
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of incorporating variability within Resistance Training (RT) methods on the neural adaptations along the corticospinal tract and on neuromuscular function. The literature suggests that RTis one of the most common modalities to enhance and restore muscle function and its practice results in adaptation in neural and morphological adaptations. It is also known that conditions such as ageing and injury have a negative impact on neural drive to the muscles with consequences at motor control level that are not addressed by traditional RT. Recent approaches such as metronome paced strength training have been used to cover this motor control dimension through a greater control and consciousness of movement. However, this methodology tends not to incorporate the inherent variability and complex, fractal-like fluctuations that characterize human movement. The investigators propose that incorporating variability through a fractal-like metronome approach will speed up the neural adaptations which will be useful in injury rehab.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Fractal Paced, Isochronous Paced, Self Paced
- Keywords
- Motor Control, Neuroscience, Neural Adapatations, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Dynamic Systems, Metronome Paced Strength Training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Fractal PacedOther
The intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with fractal external cues presented by a visual metronome. The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets.
Isochronous PacedOther
The intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) single in leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with isochronus external cues presented by a visual metronome. The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets.
Self PacedOther
The intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) in single leg extension machine, at their own self pace (with no metronome). The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fractal Paced | Experimental | Strength training in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with a fractal-like visual metronome, i.e., a metronome presenting visual external cues with variability within its temporal structure. Receives: Other: Fractal Paced |
| Isochronous Paced | Experimental | Strength training in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with a isochronus visual metronome, i.e., a metronome presenting visual external cues withthe same pace in each repetition (without variability) Receives: Other: Isochronous Paced |
| Self Paced | Experimental | Strength training in single leg extension machine at participants self pace. Receives: Other: Self Paced |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Corticospinal Excitability (CSE) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
CSE is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of excitability of the corticospinal tract.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
SICI is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of inhibition within the motor cortex.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Corticospinal Silent Period (CSP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
CSP is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of inhibition along the corticospinal tract.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
ICF is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of facilitation within the motor cortex.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Lumbar Evoked Potentials (LEP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
LEP is a measure extracted through the aplication of Lumbar stimulation. This measure allow to distinguish the adaptations that occur at spinal level as a result of strength training.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Maximal Compound Action Potentials (Mmax) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Mmax is a measure assessed through peripheral nerve stimulation and represents the maximal capacity of recruit the motoneurons that innerve a muscle.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
StartReact Gain changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
StartReact gain is a measure that is calculated following the StartReact protocol. It consists in measuring the participants' reaction times in response to visual stimuli (visual reaction time [VRT]), visual stimuli combined with a quiet sound (visual auditory reaction time [VART]) and visual startling stimuli (visual startling reaction time [VSRT]) and, then, apply the following formula: StartReact gain = ([VRT - VSRT]/[VRT - VART]).
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Secondary outcomes (6)
Single leg extension 1RM changes after 4-weeks intervention (PRE to POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Single leg 1RM is defined as the maximal load that each participant mobilized in a single maximum dynamic knee extension.
Measured: PRE (baseline), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
MVIC is defined as the maximal force an individual can produce against an immovable resistance
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Sample Entropy (SampEn) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
SampEn is a non-linear measure of the temporal structure of force output, being an indicator of the regularity of this physiological output. It is obtained from sustained submaximal isometric contractions and it has been proposed as an indirect index of the capacity of the neuromuscular system to adapt the force output to changes in environment, i.e., its adaptability.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Coefficient ov variation (CV) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
CV is a common linear measure that translates the amount of variability within the signal and is calculated through the standard deviation normalised to the mean of a time series
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Motor Unit Action Potentials (MUAP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
MUAP is obtained through the decomposition of electromyographic (EMG) signals collected using High-density surface EMG electrodes and is an index of motor unit recruitment.
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Firing Rate (FR) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
FR is obtained through the decomposition of electromyographic (EMG) signals collected using High-density surface EMG electrodes and is a measure of intramuscular coordination
Measured: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Aug 2024
- Study start15 Sep 2024
- Primary completion30 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06532786
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- METROTRAIN - 1403
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 29 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 16 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Neural Adaptations to Metronome-Paced Strength Training: Insights From Neuroscience and Human Movement Variability
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06532786
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- METROTRAIN - 1403
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- Motor Control, Neuroscience, Neural Adapatations, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Dynamic Systems, Metronome Paced Strength Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRLUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of incorporating variability within Resistance Training (RT) methods on the neural adaptations along the corticospinal tract and on neuromuscular function. The literature suggests that RTis one of the most common modalities to enhance and restore muscle function and its practice results in adaptation in neural and morphological adaptations. It is also known that conditions such as ageing and injury have a negative impact on neural drive to the muscles with consequences at motor control level that are not addressed by traditional RT. Recent approaches such as metronome paced strength training have been used to cover this motor control dimension through a greater control and consciousness of movement. However, this methodology tends not to incorporate the inherent variability and complex, fractal-like fluctuations that characterize human movement. The investigators propose that incorporating variability through a fractal-like metronome approach will speed up the neural adaptations which will be useful in injury rehab.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fractal Paced | Experimental | Other: Fractal PacedStrength training in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with a fractal-like visual metronome, i.e., a metronome presenting visual external cues with variability within its temporal structure. |
| Isochronous Paced | Experimental | Other: Isochronous PacedStrength training in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with a isochronus visual metronome, i.e., a metronome presenting visual external cues withthe same pace in each repetition (without variability) |
| Self Paced | Experimental | Other: Self PacedStrength training in single leg extension machine at participants self pace. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- aged between 18 and 40 years
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Neurologic conditions;
- Lower limb disabilities or disease;
- Not able to provide informed consent;
- Have an implanted device (e.g. pacemakers) or any metal in the body;
- Medication advised against the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Fractal PacedThe intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) in single leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with fractal external cues presented by a visual metronome. The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets. | Other | Fractal Paced |
| Isochronous PacedThe intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) single in leg extension machine, synchronizing each repetition with isochronus external cues presented by a visual metronome. The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets. | Other | Isochronous Paced |
| Self PacedThe intervention consists in a metronome-paced strength training session performed 3 times per week (with 48h of rest between sessions), during 4 weeks. Each session consists in 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 65% of the one-repetition maximal (1RM) in single leg extension machine, at their own self pace (with no metronome). The rest between sets will be set at 2 minutes of rest between sets. | Other | Self Paced |
Primary outcome
Corticospinal Excitability (CSE) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
CSE is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of excitability of the corticospinal tract.
Short-interval Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
SICI is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of inhibition within the motor cortex.
Corticospinal Silent Period (CSP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
CSP is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of inhibition along the corticospinal tract.
Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
ICF is a parameter extracted through the application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This parameter provides information regarding the level of facilitation within the motor cortex.
Lumbar Evoked Potentials (LEP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
LEP is a measure extracted through the aplication of Lumbar stimulation. This measure allow to distinguish the adaptations that occur at spinal level as a result of strength training.
Maximal Compound Action Potentials (Mmax) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Mmax is a measure assessed through peripheral nerve stimulation and represents the maximal capacity of recruit the motoneurons that innerve a muscle.
StartReact Gain changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
StartReact gain is a measure that is calculated following the StartReact protocol. It consists in measuring the participants' reaction times in response to visual stimuli (visual reaction time [VRT]), visual stimuli combined with a quiet sound (visual auditory reaction time [VART]) and visual startling stimuli (visual startling reaction time [VSRT]) and, then, apply the following formula: StartReact gain = ([VRT - VSRT]/[VRT - VART]).
6 secondary outcomes
Single leg extension 1RM changes after 4-weeks intervention (PRE to POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Sample Entropy (SampEn) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Coefficient ov variation (CV) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Motor Unit Action Potentials (MUAP) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Firing Rate (FR) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups
Time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Fractal Paced, Isochronous Paced and Self Paced in people with Healthy, run by Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL at 1 site in Portugal.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Portugal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact João H Oliveira, MSc (913266232 ext. +351, joao.henriques.oliveira@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Corticospinal Excitability (CSE) changes across the 4-weeks intervention (PRE to Week1, Week 2, Week 3, POST and follow-up) both within and between Fractal paced, Isochronus Paced and Self paced groups (time frame: PRE (baseline), W1 (week 1), W2 (week 2), W3 (week 3), POST (week 4), FUP (follow-up 4 weeks after the end of intervention)). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jan 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 30 Oct 2026.