Plyometric ExerciseNCT06536777
Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Cricket Players
A study testing Plyometric Exercises and Blood Flow Restriction Training in people with Plyometric Exercise and Blood Flow Restriction Training, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Cricket is not only a widely played team sport, but it also involves intricate skills that are honed over time, especially in bowling. One of the key concerns for bowlers is the risk of developing shoulder injuries due to imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Plyometric Exercise, Blood Flow Restriction Training
- What is being tested?
- Plyometric Exercises and Blood Flow Restriction Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 25 Jun 2024to 25 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male players
- Age 18-25 years
- Active recreational players
- Minimum score on Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score questionnaire should be above 60.
- In Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test rest interval should be from 40-45 seconds.
- Athletes playing cricket with minimum 1 year experience
Who cannot join
- Players not actively involved in training and competition
- History of systemic disease
- Prior surgery history
- Ligamentous and GHJ injury
- Bone deformity
- Fractures of upper limb
- Vestibular and visual disorder
- Pre-existing shoulder pathologies or injuries
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Dring Stadium
Bahawalpur, Punjab Province, 63100
Fawad Alam, +923005252538
Mahnoor Majid, DPT
About this study
Official title: Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Agility, Strength and Functional Ability in Cricket Players
Cricket is not only a widely played team sport, but it also involves intricate skills that are honed over time, especially in bowling. One of the key concerns for bowlers is the risk of developing shoulder injuries due to imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups. To address this, the Ballistic Six program focuses on functional exercises that replicate the movements and forces involved in the overhead throwing motion, helping to enhance strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance in the rotator cuff muscles. By incorporating plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity manner, the program aims to take advantage of the stretch reflex and reduce the amortization phase of the stretch shortening cycle. Additionally, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown promising results in promoting muscle growth and strength. By applying a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests, BFR induces muscle hypoxia while restricting venous return, leading to increased lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm. These training methods can contribute to the overall performance and injury prevention of medium pace cricket bowlers.
Read the detailed description
In addition to being a popular team activity, cricket requires complex abilities that are developed through time, particularly in bowling. The possibility of shoulder injuries resulting from imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups is one of the main worries for bowlers. The Ballistic Six program aims to improve the rotator cuff muscles' strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance by using functional exercises that mimic the motions and pressures involved in the overhead throwing action. The program's goal is to minimize the stretch shortening cycle's amortization phase and maximize the stretch reflex by combining plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity way. Furthermore, training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in enhancing muscle mass and power. Lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm are enhanced by BFR, which produces muscle hypoxia while limiting venous return by placing a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests. Medium-pace cricket bowlers can benefit from these training techniques in terms of both overall performance and injury prevention.
To maintain fairness in this Randomized Controlled Trial, volunteers will be chosen at random. The 18-25-year-old cricket players will be split into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Ballistic Six upper extremity plyometric training will be administered to the control group, while Ballistic Six training combined with blood flow restriction treatment will be administered to the experimental group. The course of therapy will last for eight weeks, with monthly progress reports. There will be three weekly recovery sessions, each lasting 20 to 30 minutes. Tests such as the Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score, the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and the Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test will be used to assess patients both at the start and finish of their therapy.
- Being tested
- Plyometric Exercises, Blood Flow Restriction Training
- Keywords
- Plyometric training, Blood flow restriction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Plyometric ExercisesOther
This include Plyometric Training for 8 weeks
Blood Flow Restriction TrainingOther
This include Blood Flow Restriction Training for 8 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric Training | Active comparator | Ballistic six exercises (Elastic ER, Elastic 90/90 ER, Overhead throw, 90/90 flexion ER Decel Throw, 90/90 Abduction ER Decel Throw, Internal Rotation). Ballistic Six plyometric training, done 2 days a week for 8 weeks, was given to the bowlers for rotator cuff muscles of their dominant shoulders. Exercises were performed using 3 sets of 10-20 repetitions, with 30 s of rest between each set. The progression of the training protocol. The equipment utilized in the Ballistic Six exercises included medicine balls (2-lb for single arm exercises and 6-lb for the 2-handed exercises). Subjects continued their strength and conditioning activities in off-season along with the Ballistic Six exercises. Following 8 weeks of training, post-readings for the bowling velocity, identical to that described in the pretesting protocol, were obtained and documented. Receives: Other: Plyometric Exercises |
| Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training | Experimental | Experiment group received Ballistic six exercises with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training. Regularly monitor and supervise the training sessions. BFR training is a method that mimics the effects of high intensity training by combining low intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. A pneumatic cuff, often known as a tourniquet, is applied proximally to the muscle that is being trained. It can be used on the lower or upper extremity. The next step is to inflate the cuff to a certain pressure in order to achieve both total and partial venous blockage. The patient is then instructed to conduct resistance exercises with high repetitions (15-30) and short rest periods (30 sec) at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Receives: Other: Plyometric Exercises; Other: Blood Flow Restriction Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Agility
Will be measured by Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability (CKCUES) Test
Measured: 0 week, 8 week
Strength
Will be measured by Seated medicine ball throw test
Measured: 0 week, 8 week
Functional Ability
Will be measured by Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score
Measured: 0 week, 8 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Aug 2024
- Study start25 Jun 2024
- Primary completion25 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion25 Sep 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Plyometric ExerciseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Clinical Trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Mahnoor Majid, DPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06536777
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/23/0468
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 31 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 5 Aug 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ali K, Gupta S, Hussain ME, Alzhrani M, Manzar MD, Khan M, Alghadir AH. Effect of plyometric versus complex training on core strength, lower limb, and upper limb power in male cricketers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Nov 27;15(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00771-8.
PubMed 38008712Singla D, Hussain ME. Adaptations of the Upper Body to Plyometric Training in Cricket Players of Different Age Groups. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;29(6):697-706. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0469. Print 2020 Aug 1.
PubMed 31141445Maker R, Taliep MS. The effects of a four weeks combined resistance training programme on cricket bowling velocity. S Afr J Sports Med. 2021 Jun 10;33(1):v33i1a9002. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2021/v33i1a9002. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 36816886Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Mikulic P. Effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A review. J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Sep;10(5):530-536. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.010. Epub 2020 Jun 21.
PubMed 32579911Ramirez-Campillo R, Garcia-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022 Nov;11(6):656-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
PubMed 33359798Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, Jacobs CA, Thompson KL, Hardy PA, Andersen AH, Fry CS, Noehren BW. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019 Aug 1;99(8):1010-1019. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz062.
PubMed 30951598Pignanelli C, Christiansen D, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1163-1170. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
PubMed 33600282Wortman RJ, Brown SM, Savage-Elliott I, Finley ZJ, Mulcahey MK. Blood Flow Restriction Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Jun;49(7):1938-1944. doi: 10.1177/0363546520964454. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
PubMed 33196300Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms Behind Blood Flow-Restricted Training and its Effect Toward Muscle Growth. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul;33 Suppl 1:S167-S179. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002384.
PubMed 30011262Lambert B, Hedt C, Daum J, Taft C, Chaliki K, Epner E, McCulloch P. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Shoulder: A Case for Proximal Benefit. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Aug;49(10):2716-2728. doi: 10.1177/03635465211017524. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
PubMed 34110960
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Aug 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Agility, Strength and Functional Ability in Cricket Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06536777
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/23/0468
- Keywords
- Plyometric training, Blood flow restriction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 25 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Cricket is not only a widely played team sport, but it also involves intricate skills that are honed over time, especially in bowling. One of the key concerns for bowlers is the risk of developing shoulder injuries due to imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups. To address this, the Ballistic Six program focuses on functional exercises that replicate the movements and forces involved in the overhead throwing motion, helping to enhance strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance in the rotator cuff muscles. By incorporating plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity manner, the program aims to take advantage of the stretch reflex and reduce the amortization phase of the stretch shortening cycle. Additionally, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown promising results in promoting muscle growth and strength. By applying a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests, BFR induces muscle hypoxia while restricting venous return, leading to increased lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm. These training methods can contribute to the overall performance and injury prevention of medium pace cricket bowlers.
Detailed description
In addition to being a popular team activity, cricket requires complex abilities that are developed through time, particularly in bowling. The possibility of shoulder injuries resulting from imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups is one of the main worries for bowlers. The Ballistic Six program aims to improve the rotator cuff muscles' strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance by using functional exercises that mimic the motions and pressures involved in the overhead throwing action. The program's goal is to minimize the stretch shortening cycle's amortization phase and maximize the stretch reflex by combining plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity way. Furthermore, training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in enhancing muscle mass and power. Lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm are enhanced by BFR, which produces muscle hypoxia while limiting venous return by placing a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests. Medium-pace cricket bowlers can benefit from these training techniques in terms of both overall performance and injury prevention.
To maintain fairness in this Randomized Controlled Trial, volunteers will be chosen at random. The 18-25-year-old cricket players will be split into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Ballistic Six upper extremity plyometric training will be administered to the control group, while Ballistic Six training combined with blood flow restriction treatment will be administered to the experimental group. The course of therapy will last for eight weeks, with monthly progress reports. There will be three weekly recovery sessions, each lasting 20 to 30 minutes. Tests such as the Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score, the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and the Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test will be used to assess patients both at the start and finish of their therapy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Clinical Trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric Training | Active comparator | Other: Plyometric ExercisesBallistic six exercises (Elastic ER, Elastic 90/90 ER, Overhead throw, 90/90 flexion ER Decel Throw, 90/90 Abduction ER Decel Throw, Internal Rotation). Ballistic Six plyometric training, done 2 days a week for 8 weeks, was given to the bowlers for rotator cuff muscles of their dominant shoulders. Exercises were performed using 3 sets of 10-20 repetitions, with 30 s of rest between each set. The progression of the training protocol. The equipment utilized in the Ballistic Six exercises included medicine balls (2-lb for single arm exercises and 6-lb for the 2-handed exercises). Subjects continued their strength and conditioning activities in off-season along with the Ballistic Six exercises. Following 8 weeks of training, post-readings for the bowling velocity, identical to that described in the pretesting protocol, were obtained and documented. |
| Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training | Experimental | Other: Plyometric Exercises, Other: Blood Flow Restriction TrainingExperiment group received Ballistic six exercises with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training. Regularly monitor and supervise the training sessions. BFR training is a method that mimics the effects of high intensity training by combining low intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. A pneumatic cuff, often known as a tourniquet, is applied proximally to the muscle that is being trained. It can be used on the lower or upper extremity. The next step is to inflate the cuff to a certain pressure in order to achieve both total and partial venous blockage. The patient is then instructed to conduct resistance exercises with high repetitions (15-30) and short rest periods (30 sec) at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Male players
- Age 18-25 years
- Active recreational players
- Minimum score on Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score questionnaire should be above 60.
- In Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test rest interval should be from 40-45 seconds.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Players not actively involved in training and competition
- History of systemic disease
- Prior surgery history
- Ligamentous and GHJ injury
- Bone deformity
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Plyometric ExercisesThis include Plyometric Training for 8 weeks | Other | Plyometric Training, Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training |
| Blood Flow Restriction TrainingThis include Blood Flow Restriction Training for 8 weeks | Other | Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training |
Primary outcome
Agility
Time frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability (CKCUES) Test
Strength
Time frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Seated medicine ball throw test
Functional Ability
Time frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Aug 2024.
- Background: PubMed 38008712Ali K, Gupta S, Hussain ME, Alzhrani M, Manzar MD, Khan M, Alghadir AH. Effect of plyometric versus complex training on core strength, lower limb, and upper limb power in male cricketers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Nov 27;15(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00771-8.
- Background: PubMed 31141445Singla D, Hussain ME. Adaptations of the Upper Body to Plyometric Training in Cricket Players of Different Age Groups. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;29(6):697-706. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0469. Print 2020 Aug 1.
- Background: PubMed 36816886Maker R, Taliep MS. The effects of a four weeks combined resistance training programme on cricket bowling velocity. S Afr J Sports Med. 2021 Jun 10;33(1):v33i1a9002. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2021/v33i1a9002. eCollection 2021.
- Background: PubMed 32579911Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Mikulic P. Effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A review. J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Sep;10(5):530-536. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.010. Epub 2020 Jun 21.
- Background: PubMed 33359798Ramirez-Campillo R, Garcia-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022 Nov;11(6):656-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
- Background: PubMed 30951598Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, Jacobs CA, Thompson KL, Hardy PA, Andersen AH, Fry CS, Noehren BW. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019 Aug 1;99(8):1010-1019. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz062.
- Background: PubMed 33600282Pignanelli C, Christiansen D, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1163-1170. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
- Background: PubMed 33196300Wortman RJ, Brown SM, Savage-Elliott I, Finley ZJ, Mulcahey MK. Blood Flow Restriction Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Jun;49(7):1938-1944. doi: 10.1177/0363546520964454. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
- Background: PubMed 30011262Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms Behind Blood Flow-Restricted Training and its Effect Toward Muscle Growth. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul;33 Suppl 1:S167-S179. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002384.
- Background: PubMed 34110960Lambert B, Hedt C, Daum J, Taft C, Chaliki K, Epner E, McCulloch P. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Shoulder: A Case for Proximal Benefit. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Aug;49(10):2716-2728. doi: 10.1177/03635465211017524. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mahnoor Majid, DPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Plyometric Exercises and Blood Flow Restriction Training in people with Plyometric Exercise and Blood Flow Restriction Training, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Aug 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Muhammad Atif Javed, PP-DPT (+923317491071, atif.javed@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Agility (time frame: 0 week, 8 week). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06536777, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Aug 2024.